TEDGlobal>NYC
Naomi Klein: How shocking events can spark positive change
娜歐米·克連: 震撼事件如何能激發出正面的改變
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現在外頭的狀況是挺震撼的──破記錄的暴風、致命的恐攻、數以千計的移民者消失在大浪下、公開的種族優越運動興起。對這些部分重疊的危機，我們有做出迫切的反應嗎？作家兼活動主義者娜歐米·克連研究的是政府如何用大規模震撼來讓社會開倒車。她分享了幾項提案，來自「躍進」──她和原住民長老、氣候變遷活動家、公會領導人、以及不同背景的其他人一起寫的宣言。「躍進」描述我們轉變為乾淨經濟，並讓社會更公平之後的世界遠景。「現今，讓我們充滿恐懼的震撼事件能夠轉變我們，也能把世界轉變得更好。但首先，我們得要先想像出我們努力想打造的世界。我們得要一起把它構想出來。」
Naomi Klein - Journalist, activist
Naomi Klein is a public intellectual, journalist and activist. Full bio
Naomi Klein is a public intellectual, journalist and activist. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
There's a question I've been
puzzling over and writing about
puzzling over and writing about
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有個問題我一直在傷腦筋，
也一直在寫相關書籍，
也一直在寫相關書籍，
00:16
for pretty much all of my adult life.
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我成年後的人生幾乎都投入在此。
00:20
Why do some large-scale crises
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為什麼有一些大規模的危機
00:23
jolt us awake and inspire us
to change and evolve
to change and evolve
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會打醒我們
並鼓舞我們去改變和成長，
並鼓舞我們去改變和成長，
00:28
while others might jolt us a bit,
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但其他的則只稍微
讓我們震驚了一下，
讓我們震驚了一下，
00:31
but then it's back to sleep?
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然後一切就回復平靜了？
00:33
Now, the kind of shocks
I'm talking about are big --
I'm talking about are big --
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我在談的震驚事件，是大型的──
00:37
a cataclysmic market crash,
rising fascism,
rising fascism,
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災難性的市場崩壞、
法西斯主義重新興起、
法西斯主義重新興起、
00:41
an industrial accident
that poisons on a massive scale.
that poisons on a massive scale.
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造成大規模毒害的工業意外。
00:46
Now, events like this
can act like a collective alarm bell.
can act like a collective alarm bell.
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像這樣的事件，
可能會有集體警鈴的功用。
可能會有集體警鈴的功用。
00:52
Suddenly, we see a threat,
we get organized.
we get organized.
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突然間，我們遇到威脅，
我們就會組織起來。
我們就會組織起來。
00:55
We discover strength and resolve
that was previously unimaginable.
that was previously unimaginable.
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我們會發現先前
無法想像的力量和決心。
無法想像的力量和決心。
01:01
It's as if we're no longer
walking, but leaping.
walking, but leaping.
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彷彿我們不再用走的，而是用跳的。
01:06
Except, our collective alarm
seems to be busted.
seems to be busted.
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不過，我們的集體警鈴似乎壞掉了。
01:11
Faced with a crisis,
we often fall apart, regress
we often fall apart, regress
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面對危機時，我們通常
會四分五裂、會向後退，
會四分五裂、會向後退，
01:15
and that becomes a window
for antidemocratic forces
for antidemocratic forces
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那會為反民主勢力打開一扇窗，
01:19
to push societies backwards,
to become more unequal and more unstable.
to become more unequal and more unstable.
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讓它們把社會向後推，
變得更不平等、更不穩定。
變得更不平等、更不穩定。
01:26
Ten years ago, I wrote
about this backwards process
about this backwards process
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十年前，我寫了關於
這種倒退過程的書，
這種倒退過程的書，
01:30
and I called it the "Shock Doctrine."
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我把書名取為《震撼主義》。
01:32
So what determines which road
we navigate through crisis?
we navigate through crisis?
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我們會走哪條路來通過危機，
是由什麼決定的？
是由什麼決定的？
01:38
Whether we grow up fast
and find those strengths
and find those strengths
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不論我們是否快速成長
並找到那些力量，
並找到那些力量，
01:41
or whether we get knocked back.
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或不論我們是否被打回來。
01:44
And I'd say this is
a pressing question these days.
a pressing question these days.
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我會說這是近期一個很迫切的問題。
01:48
Because things are
pretty shocking out there.
pretty shocking out there.
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因為，外頭的狀況是挺震撼的。
01:51
Record-breaking storms, drowning cities,
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破記錄的暴風、被淹沒的城市、
01:54
record-breaking fires
threatening to devour them,
threatening to devour them,
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破記錄的大火威脅要將城市吞噬，
01:58
thousands of migrants
disappearing beneath the waves.
disappearing beneath the waves.
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數以千計的移民者消失在大浪下。
02:03
And openly supremacist movements rising,
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公開的種族優越運動興起，
02:06
in many of our countries
there are torches in the streets.
there are torches in the streets.
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許多國家都在發生，
甚至在街頭出現火炬。
甚至在街頭出現火炬。
02:11
And now there's no shortage
of people who are sounding the alarm.
of people who are sounding the alarm.
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一直都有人在響起警鈴。
02:16
But as a society,
I don't think we can honestly say
I don't think we can honestly say
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但我們這個社會，
我認為我們無法老實說
我認為我們無法老實說
02:21
that we're responding
with anything like the urgency
with anything like the urgency
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我們的反應是帶著迫切性的，
02:25
that these overlapping crises
demand from us.
demand from us.
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但這些部分重疊的危機
卻很需要我們的迫切反應。
卻很需要我們的迫切反應。
02:29
And yet, we know from history
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然而，我們從歷史得知，
02:31
that it is possible for crisis
to catalyze a kind of evolutionary leap.
to catalyze a kind of evolutionary leap.
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危機有可能催化一種進化的躍進。
02:38
And one of the most striking examples
of this progressive power of crisis
of this progressive power of crisis
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若要說明危機的革新力量，
最突出的例子之一
最突出的例子之一
02:44
is the Great Crash of 1929.
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就是 1929 年的華爾街股災。
02:47
There was the shock
of the sudden market collapse
of the sudden market collapse
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市場突然崩盤帶來震撼，
02:50
followed by all of the aftershocks,
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接著便是所有的餘震，
02:52
the millions who lost everything
thrown onto breadlines.
thrown onto breadlines.
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數百萬人失去一切，
被丟到等待救濟食物的隊伍中。
被丟到等待救濟食物的隊伍中。
02:56
And this was taken by many as a message
that the system itself was broken.
that the system itself was broken.
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許多人把這件事當作是個訊息：
體制本身就已經損壞。
體制本身就已經損壞。
03:02
And many people listened
and they leapt into action.
and they leapt into action.
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說多人聽進去了，
且他們跳出來採取行動。
且他們跳出來採取行動。
03:06
In the United States and elsewhere,
governments began to weave a safety net
governments began to weave a safety net
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在美國和其他地方，
政府開始編織一張安全網，
政府開始編織一張安全網，
03:12
so that the next time there was a crash
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這麼一來，下次再發生崩盤，
03:14
there would be programs
like social security to catch people.
like social security to catch people.
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會有像社會保障之類的計畫
來接住摔落的人。
來接住摔落的人。
03:18
There were huge job-creating
public investments
public investments
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有大量能創造就業機會的公共投資，
03:21
in housing, electrification and transit.
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投入住房供給、電氣化，以及運輸。
03:25
And there was a wave
of aggressive regulation
of aggressive regulation
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還有一波積極強硬的規制，
在銀行中都可見到。
03:29
to reign in the banks.
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03:30
Now, these reforms were far from perfect.
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這些改革離完美還很遙遠。
03:33
In the US, African American workers,
immigrants and women
immigrants and women
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在美國，非裔美國工人、
移民者以及女性
移民者以及女性
03:37
were largely excluded.
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幾乎都被排除在外。
03:39
But the Depression period,
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但蕭條時期，
加上在二次大戰時努力造成的
03:41
along with the transformation
of allied nations and economies
of allied nations and economies
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結盟國家與經濟體的轉變，
03:45
during the World War II effort,
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03:47
show us that it is possible
for complex societies
for complex societies
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讓我們看見，複雜的社會是有可能
03:51
to rapidly transform themselves
in the face of a collective threat.
in the face of a collective threat.
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在面臨集體威脅時
快速地轉變它們自己。
快速地轉變它們自己。
03:57
Now, when we tell this story
of the 1929 Crash,
of the 1929 Crash,
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當我們在訴說 1929 年
股災的故事時，
股災的故事時，
04:01
that's usually the formula
that it follows --
that it follows --
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通常都會循著一條公式──
04:04
that there was a shock
and it induced a wake-up call
and it induced a wake-up call
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先有一個震撼事件發生，
它會導致一個警訊，
它會導致一個警訊，
04:09
and that produced a leap to a safer place.
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那就會產生一次躍進，
進到一個更安全的地方。
進到一個更安全的地方。
04:13
Now, if that's really what it took,
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如果真的只要這樣就可以了，
04:15
then why isn't it working anymore?
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為什麼它不再有用了？
04:18
Why do today's non-stop shocks --
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為什麼現今不停歇地出現震撼事件──
04:21
why don't they spur us into action?
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為什麼它們不會鞭策我們採取行動？
04:24
Why don't they produce leaps?
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為什麼它們不會產生躍進？
04:26
Especially when it comes
to climate change.
to climate change.
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特別是氣候變遷這個議題。
04:29
So I want to talk to you today
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所以，今天我想和各位談的，
04:31
about what I think is a much more
complete recipe for deep transformation
complete recipe for deep transformation
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是我認為更完整的訣竅，
由震撼事件來催化
由震撼事件來催化
04:36
catalyzed by shocking events.
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深刻轉變的訣竅。
04:38
And I'm going to focus
on two key ingredients
on two key ingredients
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我會把焦點放在兩個主要的要素上，
04:41
that usually get left out
of the history books.
of the history books.
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這兩個要素通常
都會被史書給遺漏掉。
都會被史書給遺漏掉。
04:45
One has to do with imagination,
the other with organization.
the other with organization.
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第一個要素和想像有關，
另一個則和組織有關。
另一個則和組織有關。
04:51
Because it's in the interplay
between the two
between the two
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因為革命性的力量就位在
04:54
where revolutionary power lies.
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這兩者的相互影響中。
04:56
So let's start with imagination.
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讓我們從想像開始。
04:59
The victories of the New Deal
didn't happen just because suddenly
didn't happen just because suddenly
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羅斯福新政之所以能成功，
並不是因為突然間
並不是因為突然間
05:03
everybody understood
the brutalities of laissez-faire.
the brutalities of laissez-faire.
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所有人都了解了放任政策的殘酷。
05:07
This was a time, let's remember,
of tremendous ideological ferment,
of tremendous ideological ferment,
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回想一下，那是個
意識形態騷動很嚴重的時期，
意識形態騷動很嚴重的時期，
05:13
when many different ideas
about how to organize societies
about how to organize societies
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許多關於如何組織社會的不同構想
05:16
did battle with one another
in the public square.
in the public square.
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都在公開廣場上彼此對打。
05:19
A time when humanity dared to dream big
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那個時期，針對不同的未來，
05:22
about different kinds of futures,
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人類敢於大膽做夢，
05:24
many of them organized
along radically egalitarian lines.
along radically egalitarian lines.
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其中有許多本質上是以
平等主義的方式組織而成的。
平等主義的方式組織而成的。
05:29
Now, not all of these ideas were good
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這些構想並非全都是好的，
05:31
but this was an era
of explosive imagining.
of explosive imagining.
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但這個時代的確是
想像力爆發的時代。
想像力爆發的時代。
05:36
This meant that the movements
demanding change
demanding change
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這意味著，訴求改變的那些運動
05:39
knew what they were against --
crushing poverty, widening inequality --
crushing poverty, widening inequality --
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知道它們在對抗的是什麼──
壓倒性的貧窮、越來越廣的不公平──
壓倒性的貧窮、越來越廣的不公平──
05:43
but just as important,
they knew what they were for.
they knew what they were for.
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但同樣重要的是，
它們也知道目的是為了什麼。
它們也知道目的是為了什麼。
05:46
They had their "no"
and they had their "yes," too.
and they had their "yes," too.
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它們有它們的「不行」，
也有它們的「可以」。
也有它們的「可以」。
05:51
They also had very different
models of political organization
models of political organization
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至於它們的政治組織模型
也和我們現今的非常不同。
05:55
than we do today.
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05:56
For decades, social and labor movements
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數十年來，社會和勞工運動
05:59
had been building up
their membership bases,
their membership bases,
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一直在擴大它們的成員數，
06:01
linking their causes together
and increasing their strength.
and increasing their strength.
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將它們的理想連結在一起增加力量。
06:06
Which meant that by the time
the Crash happened,
the Crash happened,
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這就表示，到了股災發生的時候，
06:08
there was already a movement
that was large and broad enough
that was large and broad enough
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已經有一個夠大、夠廣的運動，
06:12
to, for instance, stage strikes
that didn't just shut down factories,
that didn't just shut down factories,
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可以比如，籌劃罷工，
且規模大到不只是讓工廠停擺，
且規模大到不只是讓工廠停擺，
06:17
but shut down entire cities.
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還能讓整個城市都停擺。
06:20
The big policy wins of the New Deal
were actually offered as compromises.
were actually offered as compromises.
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羅斯福新政在政策上的大勝利，
其實是提供出來的妥協。
其實是提供出來的妥協。
06:25
Because the alternative
seemed to be revolution.
seemed to be revolution.
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因為替代方案似乎就是革命了。
06:30
So, let's adjust
that equation from earlier.
that equation from earlier.
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讓我們調整先前提出的公式。
06:34
A shocking event plus utopian imagination
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震撼事件＋烏托邦想像＋
06:38
plus movement muscle,
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運動力量，
06:39
that's how we get a real leap.
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這樣我們就能得到真正的躍進。
06:43
So how does our present moment measure up?
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我們目前的狀況符合這個標準嗎？
06:46
We are living, once again, at a time
of extraordinary political engagements.
of extraordinary political engagements.
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我們所處的時代也是個
政治參與度很驚人的時代。
政治參與度很驚人的時代。
06:50
Politics is a mass obsession.
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大眾對政治著迷。
06:53
Progressive movements are growing
and resisting with tremendous courage.
and resisting with tremendous courage.
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革新運動在成長，
帶著極大的勇氣在抵抗。
帶著極大的勇氣在抵抗。
06:59
And yet, we know from history
that "no" is not enough.
that "no" is not enough.
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然而，我們從歷史知道，
「不行」是不夠的。
「不行」是不夠的。
07:03
Now, there are some "yeses"
out there that are emerging.
out there that are emerging.
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確實在外頭有一些「可以」正在浮現。
07:06
And they're actually getting
a lot bolder quickly.
a lot bolder quickly.
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它們其實以很快的速度
在變得更無畏。
在變得更無畏。
07:10
Where climate activists
used to talk about changing light bulbs,
used to talk about changing light bulbs,
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以前氣候激進分子談的是換電燈泡，
07:14
now we're pushing
for 100 percent of our energy
for 100 percent of our energy
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現在我們奮力追求的是
要讓我們的能源
要讓我們的能源
07:16
to come from the sun, wind and waves,
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100% 來自太陽能、風力和海水，
07:20
and to do it fast.
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且要盡快實現。
07:22
Movements catalyzed
by police violence against black bodies
by police violence against black bodies
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警察對黑人的暴力行為
所催化的時刻
所催化的時刻
07:26
are calling for an end
to militarized police, mass incarceration
to militarized police, mass incarceration
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在號召要終止警察的
軍事化、大規模監禁，
軍事化、大規模監禁，
07:31
and even for reparations for slavery.
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甚至呼籲對奴隸制進行賠償。
07:34
Students are not just
opposing tuition increases,
opposing tuition increases,
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學生不只是反對學費上漲，
07:37
but from Chile to Canada to the UK,
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從智利到加拿大，再到英國，
07:41
they are calling for free tuition
and debt cancellation.
and debt cancellation.
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他們還訴求免學費和免除還款。
07:46
And yet, this still doesn't add up
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然而，這仍然不符合
07:48
to the kind of holistic
and universalist vision
and universalist vision
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我們先人有的那種遠景，
希望有個不同世界的整體普救遠景。
07:52
of a different world
than our predecessors had.
than our predecessors had.
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07:55
So why is that?
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為什麼會這樣？
07:57
Well, very often
we think about political change
we think about political change
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現在，通常當我們思考政治改變時，
08:00
in defined compartments these days.
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是用定義好的區隔分類來思考的。
08:03
Environment in one box,
inequality in another,
inequality in another,
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一類是環境，另一類是不公平，
08:07
racial and gender justice
in a couple of other boxes,
in a couple of other boxes,
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種族與性別正義則是屬於其他幾類，
08:11
education over here, health over there.
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教育在這裡，健康在那裡。
08:15
And within each compartment,
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在每一個分類當中，
08:16
there are thousands upon thousands
of different groups and NGOs,
of different groups and NGOs,
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有成千上萬個不同的
團體和非政府組織，
團體和非政府組織，
08:21
each competing with one another
for credit, name recognition
for credit, name recognition
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彼此競爭，爭功勞、知名度，
08:25
and of course, resources.
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當然也爭資源。
08:28
In other words, we act
a lot like corporate brands.
a lot like corporate brands.
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換言之，我們的行為
和企業品牌很像。
和企業品牌很像。
08:32
Now, this is often referred to
as the problem of silos.
as the problem of silos.
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通常，這被稱為是穀倉問題。
（註：過度分工成獨立小團體）
（註：過度分工成獨立小團體）
08:36
Now, silos are understandable.
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穀倉是可以理解的。
08:38
They carve up our complex world
into manageable chunks.
into manageable chunks.
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穀倉把我們的複雜世界
劃分成區塊，比較能處理得來。
劃分成區塊，比較能處理得來。
08:42
They help us feel less overwhelmed.
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穀倉讓我們不會覺得那麼無法招架。
08:45
But in the process,
they also train our brains to tune out
they also train our brains to tune out
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但在過程中，穀倉同時
也訓練我們的大腦，
也訓練我們的大腦，
在聽到其他人的問題時、
08:49
when somebody else's issue comes up
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聽到他們的問題需要我們的
協助和支援時，要充耳不聞。
協助和支援時，要充耳不聞。
08:52
and when somebody else's issue
needs our help and support.
needs our help and support.
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08:57
And they also keep us from seeing
glaring connections between our issues.
glaring connections between our issues.
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穀倉也讓我們無法看見
我們的問題之間有著明顯的連結。
我們的問題之間有著明顯的連結。
09:03
So for instance, the people fighting
poverty and inequality
poverty and inequality
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比如，對抗貧窮和不公平的人，
09:06
rarely talk about climate change.
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他們很少會談氣候變遷。
09:08
Even though we see time and again
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即使我們一而再、再而三地看到，
09:10
that it's the poorest of people
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在極端氣候威脅下，
09:12
who are the most vulnerable
to extreme weather.
to extreme weather.
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最容易受傷的人是最貧窮的人。
09:16
The climate change people
rarely talk about war and occupation.
rarely talk about war and occupation.
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氣候變遷的人很少會談戰爭和職業。
09:20
Even though we know
that the thirst for fossil fuels
that the thirst for fossil fuels
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即使我們知道對於化石燃料的渴望
09:22
has been a major driver of conflict.
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一直都是主要的戰爭衝突起因。
09:26
The environmental movement
has gotten better at pointing out
has gotten better at pointing out
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環境運動也開始會點出
09:29
that the nations that are getting
hit hardest by climate change
hit hardest by climate change
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受到氣候變遷影響最大的國家
09:33
are populated overwhelmingly
by black and brown people.
by black and brown people.
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是擁有大量黑色和棕色人種的國家。
09:37
But when black lives
are treated as disposable
are treated as disposable
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但當黑人的生命在監獄、學校
09:40
in prisons, in schools and on the streets,
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和街頭可被捨棄，
09:44
these connections are too rarely made.
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這些幾乎不被連結起來。
09:47
The walls between our silos
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穀倉之間有牆壁隔開，
09:49
also means that our solutions,
when they emerge,
when they emerge,
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也就表示當解決方案出現時，
09:53
are also disconnected from each other.
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也彼此互不連結。
09:55
So progressives now have this long list
of demands that I was mentioning earlier,
of demands that I was mentioning earlier,
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所以，進步分子現在有張很長的
需求清單，我剛剛已經提過，
需求清單，我剛剛已經提過，
10:00
those "yeses."
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就是那些「可以」。
10:02
But what we're still missing
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但對於我們在努力爭取的世界，
10:03
is that coherent picture
of the world we're fighting for.
of the world we're fighting for.
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我們仍然缺少一致相連的整體全景。
10:07
What it looks like, what it feels like,
and most of all, what its core values are.
and most of all, what its core values are.
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它看起來、感覺起來是什麼樣子？
更重要的，它的核心價值是什麼？
更重要的，它的核心價值是什麼？
10:12
And that really matters.
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那真的很要緊。
10:14
Because when large-scale crises hit us
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因為當我們遇到大規模危機，
10:17
and we are confronted with the need
to leap somewhere safer,
to leap somewhere safer,
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需要跳躍到更安全的地方時，
10:21
there isn't any agreement
on what that place is.
on what that place is.
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對於那個地方是哪裡，
卻無法取得一致意見。
卻無法取得一致意見。
10:25
And leaping without a destination
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而沒有目的就跳躍，
10:28
looks a lot like jumping up and down.
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看起來很像就只是上下跳而已。
10:31
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
10:32
Fortunately, there are all kinds
of conversations and experiments going on
of conversations and experiments going on
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幸運的是，目前還是有各種
正在進行中的對話和實驗，
正在進行中的對話和實驗，
10:36
to try to overcome these divisions
that are holding us back.
that are holding us back.
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在試圖克服這些
讓我們無法向前行的分隔。
讓我們無法向前行的分隔。
10:39
And I want to finish
by talking about one of them.
by talking about one of them.
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我想談其中一種，
當作這場演說的結尾。
當作這場演說的結尾。
10:42
A couple of years ago,
a group of us in Canada
a group of us in Canada
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幾年前，在加拿大，我們有一群人
10:45
decided that we were hitting the limits
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認定我們在各式各樣的穀倉中，
10:47
of what we could accomplish
in our various silos.
in our various silos.
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成就都已經達到了能達到的極限。
10:50
So we locked ourselves
in a room for two days,
in a room for two days,
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所以我們把自己
鎖在一間房間中兩天，
鎖在一間房間中兩天，
10:53
and we tried to figure out
what bound us together.
what bound us together.
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我們試圖想出有什麼辦法
可以讓我們團結在一起。
可以讓我們團結在一起。
10:57
In that room were people
who rarely get face to face.
who rarely get face to face.
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在那間房間中的人，
是很少面對面的人。
是很少面對面的人。
11:01
There were indigenous elders
with hipsters working on transit.
with hipsters working on transit.
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有原住民長老和消息靈通的人
一起努力解決運輸問題。
一起努力解決運輸問題。
11:05
There was the head of Greenpeace
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有綠色和平的領導人
11:07
with a union leader
representing oil workers and loggers.
representing oil workers and loggers.
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和石油工人與伐木工人的工會代表。
11:11
There were faith leaders
and feminist icons and many more.
and feminist icons and many more.
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有宗教領袖及女性主義
代表人物，及許多其他的。
代表人物，及許多其他的。
11:15
And we gave ourselves
a pretty ambitious assignment:
a pretty ambitious assignment:
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我們給自己訂了一個
很有野心的任務：
很有野心的任務：
11:18
agreeing on a short statement
describing the world after we win.
describing the world after we win.
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取得一致的意見，用一段簡短陳述
來描述我們獲勝之後的世界。
來描述我們獲勝之後的世界。
11:24
The world after we've already
made the transition to a clean economy
made the transition to a clean economy
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在我們已經轉換到乾淨經濟
並讓社會更公平之後的世界。
11:29
and a much fairer society.
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11:31
In other words,
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也就是說，
11:33
instead of trying to scare people
about what will happen if we don't act,
about what will happen if we don't act,
191
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不再用「若我們不採取行動會怎樣」
來恐嚇人們了，
來恐嚇人們了，
11:37
we decided to try to inspire them
with what could happen if we did act.
with what could happen if we did act.
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我們決定要試著用
「若我們採取行動會怎樣」來鼓舞他們。
「若我們採取行動會怎樣」來鼓舞他們。
11:43
Sensible people are always telling us
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理性的人總是會告訴我們，
11:46
that change needs to come
in small increments.
in small increments.
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改變要能成功，必須要一點一點改。
11:50
That politics is the art of the possible
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政治是可能性的藝術，
11:52
and that we can't let the perfect
be the enemy of the good.
be the enemy of the good.
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我們不能讓「完美」成為「好」的敵人。
11:56
Well, we rejected all of that.
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我們摒棄那一切。
11:58
We wrote a manifesto,
and we called it "The Leap."
and we called it "The Leap."
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我們寫了一份宣言，
我們叫它「躍進」。
我們叫它「躍進」。
12:02
I have to tell you
that agreeing on our common "yes"
that agreeing on our common "yes"
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我得告訴各位，要對於我們
共同的「可以」取得共識，
共同的「可以」取得共識，
12:06
across such diversity of experiences
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在大家的經驗都很不一樣的情況下，
12:08
and against a backdrop
of a lot of painful history
of a lot of painful history
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且都有許多痛苦往事的背景之下，
12:12
was not easy work.
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真的很不容易。
12:14
But it was also pretty thrilling.
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但它也非常令人興奮。
12:16
Because as soon as we gave ourselves
permission to dream,
permission to dream,
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因為一旦我們允許我們自己去夢想，
12:20
those threads connecting
much of our work became self-evident.
much of our work became self-evident.
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將我們的努力結合起來的
連結線就會不證自明。
連結線就會不證自明。
12:24
We realized, for instance,
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比如，我們知道
12:25
that the bottomless quest for profits
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對於利益的無窮盡追求
12:28
that is forcing so many people
to work more than 50 hours a week,
to work more than 50 hours a week,
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迫使許多人必須要
每週工作超過五十小時，
每週工作超過五十小時，
12:32
without security,
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沒有保障，
12:34
and that is fueling
this epidemic of despair
this epidemic of despair
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助長絕望的傳播。
12:37
is the same quest for bottomless
profits and endless growth
profits and endless growth
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而我們的生態危機的核心，
正是這種對於利益
與成長的無窮盡追求，
與成長的無窮盡追求，
12:42
that is at the heart
of our ecological crisis
of our ecological crisis
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12:45
and is destabilizing our planet.
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它是地球動盪的元兇。
12:48
It also became clear what we need to do.
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我們需要做什麼？答案變得很清楚。
12:51
We need to create
a culture of care-taking.
a culture of care-taking.
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我們需要創造一種照顧的文化。
12:55
In which no one
and nowhere is thrown away.
and nowhere is thrown away.
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在這種文化中，沒有任何人、
任何地方會被拋棄。
任何地方會被拋棄。
12:59
In which the inherent value of all people
and every ecosystem is foundational.
and every ecosystem is foundational.
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這種文化中的基礎，是所有人
及每個生態系統的固有價值。
及每個生態系統的固有價值。
所以我們提出了
這個屬於人民的平台，
這個屬於人民的平台，
13:06
So we came up with this people's platform,
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13:08
and don't worry, I'm not going to read
the whole thing to you out loud --
the whole thing to you out loud --
219
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別擔心，我不會把全部內容
都大聲讀給各位聽──
都大聲讀給各位聽──
13:11
if you're interested,
you can read it at theleap.org.
you can read it at theleap.org.
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如果你有興趣，可以到
theleap.org 去看全文。
theleap.org 去看全文。
13:14
But I will give you a taste
of what we came up with.
of what we came up with.
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但我會讓各位淺嚐一下，
了解我們提出的是什麼。
了解我們提出的是什麼。
13:18
So we call for that 100 percent
renewable economy in a hurry,
renewable economy in a hurry,
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我們訴求 100% 的可再生經濟，
且要盡快達成，
且要盡快達成，
13:23
but we went further.
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我們還再進了一步。
13:25
Calls for new kinds of trade deals,
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我們也訴求要有新的貿易協定、
13:27
a robust debate
on a guaranteed annual income,
on a guaranteed annual income,
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針對年收入保障做健全的辯論、
13:30
full rights for immigrant workers,
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移民工人要有所有的權利、
13:32
getting corporate money out of politics,
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不要再讓企業的錢進入政治、
13:35
free universal day care,
electoral reform and more.
electoral reform and more.
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提供免費日間托兒給所有人、
選舉改革，以及其他的。
選舉改革，以及其他的。
13:39
What we discovered
is that a great many of us
is that a great many of us
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我們發現很多人希望能得到允許，
13:43
are looking for permission to act
less like brands and more like movements.
less like brands and more like movements.
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以更像運動而不是品牌的方式
來採取行動。
來採取行動。
13:49
Because movements don't care about credit.
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因為運動不在意功勞歸誰。
13:51
They want good ideas
to spread far and wide.
to spread far and wide.
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運動要的是把好想法
傳播出去，越廣越好。
傳播出去，越廣越好。
13:55
What I love about The Leap
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我很喜歡「躍進」的一點，
13:56
is that it rejects the idea
that there is this hierarchy of crisis,
that there is this hierarchy of crisis,
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就是它不認為危機要有等級制度，
14:00
and it doesn't ask anyone
to prioritize one struggle over another
to prioritize one struggle over another
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它不會要求任何人
優先處理某項難題，
優先處理某項難題，
14:04
or wait their turn.
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或等著輪到他們。
14:07
And though it was birthed in Canada,
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雖然它是在加拿大誕生，
14:09
we've discovered that it travels well.
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但我們發現它也推廣世界。
14:11
Since we launched, The Leap
has been picked up around the world
has been picked up around the world
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我們推出「躍進」之後，
世界各地都注意到了它，
世界各地都注意到了它，
14:14
with similar platforms,
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推出類似的平台，
14:16
being written from Nunavut to Australia,
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從努納福特地區到澳洲，
14:19
to Norway to the UK and the US,
242
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到挪威，到英國以及美國，
14:22
where it's gaining a lot of traction
in cities like Los Angeles,
in cities like Los Angeles,
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在像洛杉磯這類城市中
產生很大的牽引力，
產生很大的牽引力，
14:25
where it's being localized.
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因為它在那裡已被地區化。
14:27
And also in rural communities
that are traditionally very conservative,
that are traditionally very conservative,
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此外，它也進到一些傳統上
相當保守的鄉村社區，
相當保守的鄉村社區，
14:31
but where politics is failing
the vast majority of people.
the vast majority of people.
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因為在那些地方，
政治讓大多數的人失望。
政治讓大多數的人失望。
14:37
Here's what I've learned from studying
shocks and disasters for two decades.
shocks and disasters for two decades.
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在我研究震撼事件和災難的
二十年裏，從中學到的是，
二十年裏，從中學到的是，
14:44
Crises test us.
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危機在考驗我們。
14:47
We either fall apart or we grow up fast.
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我們要不四分五裂，要不快速成長。
14:51
Finding new reserves of strength
and capacity that we never knew we had.
and capacity that we never knew we had.
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發現我們從來不知道自己
擁有那麼多力量和能力，
擁有那麼多力量和能力，
14:57
The shocking events
that fill us with dread today
that fill us with dread today
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現今，讓我們充滿恐懼的震撼事件
15:00
can transform us, and they can
transform the world for the better.
transform the world for the better.
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能夠轉變我們，
也能把世界轉變得更好。
也能把世界轉變得更好。
15:06
But first we need to picture the world
that we're fighting for.
that we're fighting for.
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但首先，我們得要先想像出
我們努力想打造的世界。
我們努力想打造的世界。
15:10
And we have to dream it up together.
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我們得一起把它構想出來。
15:13
Right now, every alarm in our house
is going off simultaneously.
is going off simultaneously.
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現在，我們房子裡的
各種警報同時一起響起。
各種警報同時一起響起。
15:19
It's time to listen.
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該是傾聽的時候了。
15:21
It's time to leap.
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該是躍進的時候了。
15:23
Thank you.
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謝謝。
15:24
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Naomi Klein - Journalist, activistNaomi Klein is a public intellectual, journalist and activist.
Why you should listen
In her first book, No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies, Naomi Klein made a strong case against the takeover of public life by global corporations and brands. She ended that pre-internet essay suggesting as a counterpoint that everyone could become their own "personal brand." In her most recent book, No Is Not Enough: Resisting Trump's Shock Politics and Winning the World We Need, she analyzes how social media has made the idea of personal branding commonplace -- and how it helped Donald Trump become the first brand-president.
Klein's other books The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism and This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The Climate have also energized the global conversation. Klein is a board member of climate-action group 350.org and one of the organizers of Canada’s Leap Manifesto, and in 2015 she helped launch Pope Francis’s historic encyclical on ecology. In 2016, she received the Sydney Peace Prize for "inspiring us to stand up locally, nationally and internationally to demand a new agenda for sharing the planet that respects human rights and equality."
Naomi Klein | Speaker | TED.com