TED2002
Mae Jemison: Teach arts and sciences together
Mae Jemison談科學與藝術融合教育
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Mae Jemison是個太空人、醫生、藝術收藏家、舞者...。從她自己在太空中的訓練，她呼籲教育者應當將科學與藝術融合、直覺和邏輯一起來創造勇敢的思想者。
Mae Jemison - Astronaut, engineer, entrepreneur, physician and educator
Astronaut Dr. Mae Jemison‘s inclusive, audacious journey to improving life here on earth and beyond is paving the way for human interstellar travel. Full bio
Astronaut Dr. Mae Jemison‘s inclusive, audacious journey to improving life here on earth and beyond is paving the way for human interstellar travel. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
What I want to do today is to spend
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我今天想要做的
00:17
some time talking about some stuff that's
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是花一些時間來談談
00:19
sort of giving me a little bit of
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在過去的幾年當中，
00:21
existential angst, for lack of a better word,
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讓我感到「存在擔憂」的事情，
00:24
over the past couple of years, and
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我找不到更好的形容方式。
00:26
basically, these three quotes
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基本上這三句話
00:29
tell what's going on.
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解釋了發生什麼事。
00:31
"When God made the color purple,
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「當上帝創造紫色這種顏色的時候，
00:33
God was just showing off," Alice Walker
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上帝只是在炫耀。」
00:35
wrote in "The Color Purple," and
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愛莉絲握克在《紫色姊妹花》中這麼說。
00:37
Zora Neale Hurston wrote in
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佐拉泥爾賀森
00:39
"Dust Tracks On A Road,"
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在《路上的塵土》中說
00:41
"Research is a formalized curiosity.
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「研究是公式化的好奇心。
00:43
It's poking and prying with a purpose."
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它是有目的的窺探、打聽。」
00:45
And then finally,
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最後，
00:47
when I think about the near future,
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當我在想緊接著的未來時，
00:49
you know, we have this attitude, well,
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你知道我們有
00:51
whatever happens, happens. Right?
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「該發生的就是會發生」的態度對吧？
00:53
So that goes along with the Chesire Cat
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所以這與柴郡貓（愛莉絲夢遊仙境中的角色）說的
00:55
saying, "If you don't care much
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「如果你不是很在乎你要去哪，
00:57
where you want to get to,
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那麼你往哪裡走
00:59
it doesn't much matter which way you go."
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也不大重要。」吻合。
01:01
But I think it does matter
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但我覺得我們往哪裡走、
01:03
which way we go, and what road we take,
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選擇什麼路是重要的。
01:05
because when I think about design in the
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因為當我在想未來的設計時，
01:07
near future, what I think are the most
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我認為最重要、
01:09
important issues, what's really
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最必須、最具決定性的
01:11
crucial and vital is that we need
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是我們現在在2002年
01:13
to revitalize the arts and sciences
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需要復興
01:15
right now in 2002.
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藝術與科學。
01:18
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
01:23
If we describe the near future
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如果我們把緊接著的未來想成
01:25
as 10, 20, 15 years from now,
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接下來的10、20、15年，
01:27
that means that what we do today
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那表示我們現在
01:30
is going to be critically important,
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做什麼很重要，
01:32
because in the year 2015,
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因為在2015年，
01:34
and the year 2020, 2025, the world
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在2020、2025年，
01:36
our society is going to be building on,
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我們的社會會是以
01:38
the basic knowledge and abstract ideas,
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現在的基本知識、抽象想法、
01:40
the discoveries that we came up with today,
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現在的發現為基石發展。
01:43
just as all these wonderful things we're
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就像是我們現在在TED聽到的
01:45
hearing about here at the TED conference
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這些很棒的事情，
01:47
that we take for granted in the world
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這些我們視為理所當然的事情，
01:49
right now, were really knowledge
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其實都源於
01:51
and ideas that came up
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五零、六零、
01:53
in the '50s, the '60s, and the '70s.
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七零年代的知識與想法。
01:56
That's the substrate that we're exploiting
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那些都是我們現在用的材料。
01:59
today, whether it's the internet,
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不論是網路、基因工程、
02:01
genetic engineering, laser scanners,
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雷射印表機、引導飛彈、光纖、
02:03
guided missiles, fiber optics, high-definition
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高解析度電視、
02:05
television, sensing, remote-sensing
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感應器、太空遙控器，
02:07
from space and the wonderful
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和其它我們看到的遙感照片、
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remote-sensing photos that we see in
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3D搖晃、
02:11
3D weaving, TV programs like Tracker,
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像Tracker和Enterprise的電視節目、
02:14
and Enterprise, CD rewrite drives,
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CD燒錄器、液晶銀幕、
02:16
flatscreen, Alvin Ailey's Suite Otis,
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艾文艾利的《Suite Otis》、
02:19
or Sarah Jones' "Your Revolution Will Not
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或是莎拉瓊斯《Your Revolution Will Not
02:22
Be Between These Thighs," which
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Be Between These Thighs》
02:24
by the way was banned by the FCC,
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雖說它曾被FCC禁止
02:26
or ska, all of these things
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或是牙買加流行舞音樂，
02:28
without question, almost without exception,
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這些被認為是理所當然的東西，
02:30
are really based on ideas
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都是源於
02:32
and abstract and creativity
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好幾年前的
02:34
from years before,
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想法和構思。
02:36
so we have to ask ourselves,
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所以我們要問自己：
02:38
what are we contributing to that legacy
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我們對這些有什麼貢獻？
02:40
right now? And when I think about it,
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當我這麼想的時候，
02:42
I'm really worried. To be quite frank,
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我是擔憂的。直話直說，
02:44
I'm concerned. I'm skeptical
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我非常擔心。
02:46
that we're doing very much of anything.
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我不認為我們有在做些甚麼。
02:49
We're, in a sense, failing to act
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我們，以某種角度來說，
02:51
in the future. We're purposefully,
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並沒有在為未來做什麼。
02:54
consciously being laggards.
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我們故意的、有意識的在當懶蟲。
02:56
We're lagging behind.
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我們是落在後面的。
02:58
Frantz Fanon, who was a psychiatrist
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法蘭茲法濃是個馬提泥克的心理學家，
03:00
from Martinique, said, "Each generation
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他說：「每一代
03:02
must, out of relative obscurity,
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都需要在有點模糊的狀況下
03:04
discover its mission, and fulfill or betray it."
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發現自己的使命並達成或毀壞它。」
03:09
What is our mission? What do we have
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我們的使命是什麼？我們
03:11
to do? I think our mission is
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該做什麼？
03:13
to reconcile, to reintegrate
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我認為我們的使命是
03:15
science and the arts, because right now
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使人文和科學融合，
03:18
there's a schism that exists
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因為現在在大眾心裡，
03:21
in popular culture. You know,
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這兩者是分裂的。
03:23
people have this idea that science
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你知道人們有這種想法，
03:25
and the arts are really separate.
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就是科學跟藝術是很不相同的。
03:27
We think of them as separate
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我們認為他們是不一樣的東西。
03:29
and different things, and this idea was
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而這種想法或許是在好幾百年前
03:31
probably introduced centuries ago,
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就存在了。
03:33
but it's really becoming critical now,
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但現在這很重要，
03:35
because we're making decisions about our
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因為我們每天都在為
03:37
society every day that,
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我們的社會作決定，
03:40
if we keep thinking that the arts
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如果我們繼續認為
03:42
are separate from the sciences,
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科學跟藝術非常不同，
03:44
and we keep thinking it's cute to say,
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且我們繼續認為說：「
03:46
"I don't understand anything about this one,
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我完全不了解這個，
03:48
I don't understand anything about the other
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我完全不了解那個。」是聰明的，
03:50
one," then we're going to have problems.
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那麼我們就有問題了。
03:52
Now I know no one here at TED
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好，我不認為在TED這裡的任何人
03:54
thinks this. All of us, we already know
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這麼想。我們都已經知道
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that they're very connected, but I'm going
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這兩者很有關係，但我要讓你們知道，
03:58
to let you know that some folks
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在外面有些人，
04:00
in the outside world, believe it or not,
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不論你信與不信，
04:02
they think it's neat when they say,
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他們都認為科學家和科學
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"You know, scientists and science is not
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是不具創造力的。
04:06
creative. Maybe scientists are ingenious,
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科學家可能是天才，但他們
04:08
but they're not creative.
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沒有創造力。
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And then we have this tendency, the career
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然後我們有職涯顧問
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counselors and various people say things
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和很多人會說
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like, "Artists are not analytical.
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「藝術家是沒有分析能力的。
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They're ingenious, perhaps,
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他們可能很有原創力，
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but not analytical," and
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但他們沒有分析力。」
04:22
when these concepts underly our teaching
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當這樣的想法存在於我們的教育當中，
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and what we think about the world,
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並影響我們對這世界的看法，
04:26
then we have a problem, because we
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那我們就有麻煩了，因為我們
04:28
stymie support for everything.
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會阻擋所有事情的發展，
04:30
By accepting this dichotomy,
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只因為接受了這樣的二分法，
04:32
whether it's tongue-in-cheek, when
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就算只是口耳相傳，
04:34
we attempt to accommodate it in our world,
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當我們試著把這樣的想法置入這世界，
04:36
and we try to build our foundation
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然後試著以這樣的基礎建造世界，
04:38
for the world, we're messing up the future,
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結果是我們正在把未來搞砸。
04:40
because, who wants to be uncreative?
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因為，有誰想要當沒有創造力呢？
04:42
Who wants to be illogical?
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誰想要沒有邏輯？
04:44
Talent would run from either of these fields
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如果你說必須選擇一邊的話，
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if you said you had to choose either.
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天資可以在任何一邊出現。
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Then they're going to go to something
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然後他們會想說
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where they think, "Well, I can be creative
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「其實我可以同時有創造力
04:52
and logical at the same time."
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也有邏輯。」
04:54
Now I grew up in the '60s and I'll admit it,
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我是在六零年代長大的。
04:56
actually, my childhood spanned the '60s,
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我承認我的童年就是在六零年代，
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and I was a wannabe hippie and I always
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而我非常想要當嬉皮，
05:01
resented the fact that I wasn't really
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痛恨我年紀不夠
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old enough to be a hippie.
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不能當嬉皮。
05:05
And I know there are people here, the
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而且我知道這裡有些人，
05:07
younger generation who want to be hippies,
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就是更年輕的一輩想要當嬉皮的，
05:09
but people talk about the '60s all the time,
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但人們總是在談論六零年代，
05:11
and they talk about the anarchy
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且他們會講當時的無政府狀態。
05:13
that was there, but when I think about
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但當我想起六零年代，
05:15
the '60s, what I took away from it was
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我從中學到的
05:17
that there was hope for the future.
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是未來是有希望的。
05:19
We thought everyone could participate.
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我們認為每個人都有機會參與。
05:21
There were wonderful, incredible ideas
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那時有很多很棒、很驚人的想法，
05:23
that were always percolating,
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在人群中傳播，
05:25
and so much of what's cool or hot today
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而且現在熱門的很多東西
05:28
is really based on some of those concepts,
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都是從當時那些想法而來的。
05:30
whether it's, you know, people trying to
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不論是人們試著用
05:32
use the prime directive from Star Trek
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星際大戰中的頭等方針
05:34
being involved in things, or again that
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來應用在生活中，
05:36
three-dimensional weaving and
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不論是3D穿梭，
05:38
fax machines that I read about in my
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還是我從周刊中
05:40
weekly readers that the technology
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讀到的傳真機，
05:42
and engineering was just getting started.
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這些科技工程那時才正在開始。
05:44
But the '60s left me with a problem.
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但六零年代給我帶來一個問題。
05:46
You see, I always assumed I would go
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也就是因為我一直跟著這個潮流，
05:48
into space, because I followed all of this,
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我一直認為我會去外太空。
05:51
but I also loved the arts and sciences.
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但我也熱愛藝術及科學。
05:54
You see, when I was growing up as
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當我還是個小女孩
05:56
a little girl and as a teenager,
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及青少年的時候，
05:58
I loved designing and making dogs' clothes
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我喜歡設計和做娃娃衣服，
06:00
and wanting to be a fashion designer.
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且想要成為時尚設計家。
06:02
I took art and ceramics. I loved dance.
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我修了藝術和陶藝。我也熱愛跳舞：
06:05
Lola Falana. Alvin Ailey. Jerome Robbins.
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羅拉法拉那、艾文艾利、吉羅米羅賓絲。
06:09
And I also avidly followed the Gemini
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我也熱忠於雙子星
06:11
and the Apollo programs.
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和阿波羅計畫。
06:14
I had science projects and tons of astronomy
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我有科學計畫和很多的天文書。
06:16
books. I took calculus and philosophy.
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我修了微積分和哲學。
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I wondered about the infinity
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我思考無限的概念
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and the Big Bang theory.
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和宇宙大爆炸理論。
06:22
And when I was at Stanford,
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當我在史丹佛的時候
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I found myself, my senior year,
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在大四那年我主修化工，
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chemical engineering major, half the folks
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但大部份人認為我是主修
06:28
thought I was a political science and
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政治或表演藝術，
06:30
performing arts major, which was sort of
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這也有點對，
06:32
true because I was Black Student Union President
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因為我是黑人學生組織主席，
06:34
and I did major in some other things,
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而且我也有主修其他東西。
06:36
and I found myself the last quarter juggling
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在最後一個學期，
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chemical engineering separation processes,
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我發現我自己在化工分離實驗和
06:40
logic classes, nuclear magnetic resonance
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邏輯課、核磁共振學中找平衡，
06:42
spectroscopy, and also producing
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同時正在為一個舞蹈展演
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and choreographing a dance production,
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編舞、製作中。
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and I had to do the lighting and the
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我需要做燈光和設計的工作。
06:48
design work, and I was trying to figure out,
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我那時正在想
06:51
do I go to New York City
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我是不是應該去紐約市
06:53
to try to become a professional dancer,
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試著當一名職業舞者？
06:55
or do I go to medical school?
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還是去念醫學院？
06:58
Now, my mother helped me figure
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還好我母親幫忙我做這個決定。
07:00
that one out. (Laughter)
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（笑聲）
07:03
But when I went into space,
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但當我進到太空時，
07:05
when I went into space I carried a number
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當我進到太空，我帶了一些東西。
07:07
of things up with me. I carried a poster
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我帶了一張艾文艾利的海報。
07:09
by Alvin Ailey, which you can figure out
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你們應該可以看出
07:11
now, I love the dance company.
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我非常喜歡這個舞團。
07:13
An Alvin Ailey poster of Judith Jamison
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一張艾文艾利的海報上面是
07:15
performing the dance "Cry," dedicated to all
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裘第絲裘密森表演舞作《哭》，
07:17
black women everywhere. A Bundu statue,
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奉獻給所有黑人女生。
07:19
which was from the Women's Society
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還帶了一尊本社雕像，
07:21
in Sierra Leone, and a certificate for the
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是從獅子山婦女協會那來的，
07:23
Chicago Public School students to work to
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還有一張為芝加哥公立學校學生
07:25
improve their science and math,
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改善他們科學及數學能力的證書。
07:27
and folks asked me,
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人們問我：
07:29
"Why did you take up what you took up?"
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「為什麼要帶這些東西？」
07:31
And I had to say,
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我會說：
07:33
"Because it represents human creativity,
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「因為這些代表人類的創造力。」
07:35
the creativity that allowed us, that we were
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有了這樣的創造力，
07:37
required to have to conceive and build
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我們才能夠瞭解、建構
07:39
and launch the space shuttle, springs from
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並發射太空船。
07:42
the same source as the imagination and
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源於同樣的想像力和分析力，
07:44
analysis it took to carve a Bundu statue,
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才能夠雕刻出本社雕像
07:47
or the ingenuity it took to design,
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或是設計、編排《哭》，
07:50
choreograph, and stage "Cry."
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所需要的天賦。
07:53
Each one of them are different
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他們每一樣都是創造力的
07:55
manifestations, incarnations, of creativity,
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表現和象徵。
07:58
avatars of human creativity,
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人類創造力的代表。
08:01
and that's what we have to reconcile
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這就是我們需要在我們的腦袋中
08:03
in our minds, how these things fit together.
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融合、合而為一的。
08:05
The difference between arts and sciences
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科學和人文藝術的差別
08:07
is not analytical versus intuitive, right?
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不是在於分析和直覺。對吧？
08:10
E=MC squared required
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E=MC平方
08:13
an intuitive leap, and then you had
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需要一定的直覺反應，
08:15
to do the analysis afterwards.
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然後才能做後續分析。
08:17
Einstein said, in fact, "The most beautiful
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愛因斯坦曾說：
08:19
thing we can experience is the mysterious.
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「我們能體驗的最漂亮的東西是神秘感。
08:22
It is the source of all true art and science."
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它是所有真正的藝術與科學的源頭。」
08:25
Dance requires us to express and want
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舞蹈需要我們去表現、
08:27
to express the jubilation in life, but then you
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去想要表達生命中的歡騰。
08:29
have to figure out, exactly
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但你就必須想
08:31
what movement do I do to make sure
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「我確切要做什麼樣的動作，
08:33
that it comes across correctly?
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才能確保傳達正確？」
08:35
The difference between arts and sciences
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藝術與科學的差別也不是在於
08:37
is also not constructive versus
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建構與毀壞。對吧？
08:39
deconstructive, right? A lot of people
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很多人覺得
08:41
think of the sciences as deconstructive.
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科學是毀壞性的。
08:43
You have to pull things apart.
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你必須把東西拆開。
08:45
And yeah, sub-atomic physics
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是的，次原子物理是毀壞性的。
08:47
is deconstructive. You literally try to
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你真的試圖把
08:49
tear atoms apart to understand
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原子拆開然後
08:51
what's inside of them. But sculpture, from
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瞭解裡面是什麼。
08:53
what I understand from great sculptors,
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但雕刻，從我知道的偉大雕刻中得知，
08:55
is deconstructive, because you see a piece
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也是毀壞性的，
08:57
and you remove what doesn't
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因為你要看一塊材料，
08:59
need to be there.
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然後移走你不要的部份。
09:01
Biotechnology is constructive.
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生物科技是建構性的。
09:03
Orchestral arranging is constructive.
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管弦樂是建構性的。
09:05
So in fact we use constructive and
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事實上我們在所有事情
09:07
deconstructive techniques in everything.
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都用到建構及毀壞技巧。
09:09
The difference between science
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科學與藝術的差別
09:12
and the arts is not that they
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也不在於
09:15
are different sides of the same coin, even,
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他們是硬幣的兩面，
09:17
or even different parts
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或是一物體的
09:19
of the same continuum, but rather
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不同面相，
09:21
they're manifestations of the same thing.
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而是同一樣東西的建構。
09:24
Different quantum states of an atom?
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一個原子的不同量子狀態？
09:26
Or maybe if I want to be more 21st century
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或是我應該更21世紀一點
09:28
I could say that they are different harmonic
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我可以說超弦理論中
09:30
resonances of a superstring.
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不同的諧波震蕩。
09:32
But we'll leave that alone. (Laughter)
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但我們就先不討論那些。（笑聲）
09:34
They spring from the same source.
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他們都是同源的。
09:36
The arts and sciences are avatars of
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科學與藝術
09:38
human creativity. It's our attempt
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是人類的代表作。
09:40
as humans to build an understanding
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是我們以人類的角度，
09:42
of the universe, the world around us.
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試圖建構及瞭解我們周遭的世界。
09:44
It's our attempt to influence things,
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是我們試圖影響東西，
09:46
the universe internal to ourselves
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影響我們體內
09:48
and external to us.
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及體外的世界。
09:50
The sciences, to me, are manifestations
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科學對我來說，是代表著
09:52
of our attempt to express
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我們試著表現或分享
09:55
or share our understanding,
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我們瞭解的、
09:57
our experience, to influence the universe
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我們的經驗，
09:59
external to ourselves.
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來影響外在的世界。
10:02
It doesn't rely on us as individuals.
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它不是只靠我們個人。
10:04
It's the universe, as experienced
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是一個大家一起體會的世界。
10:06
by everyone, and the arts manifest
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藝術代表著我們的渴望，
10:08
our desire, our attempt to share
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我們透過我們個人
10:11
or influence others through experiences
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特殊的經驗，
10:14
that are peculiar to us as individuals.
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試圖分享及影響他人。
10:16
Let me say it again another way:
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讓我再以一個不同的方式來說：
10:18
science provides an understanding
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科學提供一個
10:20
of a universal experience, and
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瞭解宇宙的方式。
10:23
arts provides a universal understanding
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然後藝術提供一個大家都能理解的方式
10:26
of a personal experience.
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來傳達個人經驗。
10:29
That's what we have to think about,
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這正是我們需要思考的，
10:31
that they're all part of us, they're
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這些都是我們的一部份，
10:33
all part of a continuum.
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都是連續體的一部份。
10:35
It's not just the tools, it's not just
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不是只是工具，
10:37
the sciences, you know, the mathematics
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不是只是科學。
10:39
and the numerical stuff and the statistics,
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你們知道的，數學和技術性東西
10:41
because we heard, very much on this
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和統計，因為我們在這聽過很多次，
10:43
stage, people talked about music
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有人說音樂是很數學的。
10:45
being mathematical. Right? Arts don't just
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對吧？藝術不是只用泥土，
10:47
use clay, aren't the only ones that use clay,
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也不是只用泥土、
10:49
light and sound and movement.
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燈光、聲音和動作。
10:52
They use analysis as well.
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他們也使用分析能力。
10:55
So people might say, well,
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所以人們或許會說
10:57
I still like that intuitive versus analytical
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「我還是比較喜歡那個直覺與分析的東西，
10:59
thing, because everybody wants to do the
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因為每個人都希望用那個
11:01
right brain, left brain thing, right?
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左腦右腦的東西。對吧？」
11:03
We've all been accused of being
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我們都有在某個時候被指控為
11:05
right-brained or left-brained at some point
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用右腦多或是用左腦多，
11:07
in time, depending on who
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看當時是誰
11:09
we disagreed with. (Laughter)
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跟我們不合。（笑聲）
11:11
You know, people say intuitive, you know
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當人們說直覺，
11:13
that's like you're in touch with nature,
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就有點像是你跟自然有接觸，
11:15
in touch with yourself and relationships.
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跟你自己有關連。
11:17
Analytical: you put your mind to work, and
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分析力，你讓你的腦袋工作。
11:19
I'm going to tell you a little secret. You all
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然後我要告訴你們一個小祕密。
11:21
know this though, but sometimes people
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其實你們都知道的，但有時候人們
11:23
use this analysis idea, that things are
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利用這個分析的概念，
11:25
outside of ourselves, to be, say, that this
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讓事情在我們之外，
11:27
is what we're going to elevate
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來說這是我們要說
11:29
as the true, most important sciences, right?
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是對的，尤其是在科學當中。對吧？
11:32
And then you have artists, and you all
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然後也有藝術家。
11:34
know this is true as well,
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你們也都知道這個，
11:36
artists will say things about scientists
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藝術家會說科學家閒話，
11:39
because they say they're too concrete,
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因為他們說他們過於固執、
11:41
they're disconnected with the world.
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無法跟世界接軌。
11:44
But, we've even had that here on stage,
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但我們在這台上也有碰過，
11:46
so don't act like you don't know
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所以不要假裝
11:48
what I'm talking about. (Laughter)
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你不知道我在說什麼。（笑聲）
11:50
We had folks talking about the Flat Earth
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我們有人講過扁平地球組織
11:52
Society and flower arrangers, so there's
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和花朵編排者。
11:54
this whole dichotomy that we continue
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所以我們繼續這個二分法，
11:56
to carry along, even when we know better.
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就算我們知道這樣不好。
11:59
And folks say we need to choose either or.
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但人們還是說需要選擇其中一個。
12:02
But it would really be foolish to choose
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但選擇一個是很笨的做法。
12:04
either one, right?
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對吧？
12:06
Intuitive versus analytical?
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直覺還是分析？
12:08
That's a foolish choice. It's foolish,
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這是很笨的決定。
12:10
just like trying to choose between
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很笨，就像是試著選擇
12:12
being realistic or idealistic.
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現實和理想一樣。
12:14
You need both in life. Why do people
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你兩樣都需要。
12:16
do this? I'm just gonna quote
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人們為什麼這樣做？
12:18
a molecular biologist, Sydney Brenner,
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我要引用分子生物學家Sydney Brenner的話。
12:20
who's 70 years old so he can say this. He said,
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他已經七十歲了所以他可以這麼說。
12:22
"It's always important to distinguish
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「分辨貞節和無能
12:24
between chastity and impotence."
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永遠是很重要的。」
12:26
Now... (Laughter)
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好（笑聲）
12:29
I want to share with you
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我想要跟你們分享
12:32
a little equation, okay?
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一個小式子，好嗎？
12:35
How do understanding science
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如何瞭解科學與藝術
12:38
and the arts fit into our lives
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怎麼融入我們的生活。
12:40
and what's going on and the things
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到底現在正在發生什麼事
12:42
that we're talking about here
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和我們在這設計會議
12:44
at the design conference, and this is
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談的東西。
12:46
a little thing I came up with, understanding
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這是我想的一個小東西，
12:48
and our resources and our will
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瞭解加上我們的資源和意念，
12:50
cause us to have outcomes.
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讓我們有結果。
12:52
Our understanding is our science, our arts,
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我們對科學、藝術、宗教，
12:54
our religion, how we see the universe
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我們怎麼看待周遭世界、
12:56
around us, our resources, our money,
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資源、金錢、
12:58
our labor, our minerals, those things
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勞工、礦物，
13:00
that are out there in the world we have
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那些在世界上我們需要合作的
13:02
to work with.
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對象。
13:04
But more importantly, there's our will.
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但更重要的，是我們的意志力。
13:06
This is our vision, our aspirations
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這是我們的遠見，
13:08
of the future, our hopes, our dreams,
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是我們對未來、希望、夢想的心願，
13:10
our struggles and our fears.
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我們的掙扎與恐懼。
13:12
Our successes and our failures influence
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我們的成功、我們的失敗
13:14
what we do with all of those, and to me,
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將會影響我們如何對待這些事情。
13:16
design and engineering, craftsmanship and
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對我來說，設計和工程、
13:18
skilled labor, are all the things that work on
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手工藝者和資深勞工都是
13:20
this to have our outcome,
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在這方面努力的結果，
13:22
which is our human quality of life.
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也就是我們人類生活的品質。
13:25
Where do we want the world to be?
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我們希望這個世界未來是如何的？
13:27
And guess what?
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你知道嗎？
13:29
Regardless of how we look at this, whether
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不論我們怎麼看待這個，
13:31
we look at arts and sciences are separate
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不管我們認為藝術和科學是分開的
13:33
or different, they're both being influenced
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或是不同的，他們兩個都正在被影響，
13:35
now and they're both having problems.
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且都有自己的問題。
13:37
I did a project called S.E.E.ing the Future:
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我開始了一個叫作「S.E.E.ing the Future」的計畫：
13:39
Science, Engineering and Education, and
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科學、工程和教育。
13:41
it was looking at how to shed light on
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而這個計畫就是要
13:43
most effective use of government funding.
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如何更有效的使用政府經費。
13:45
We got a bunch of scientists in all stages
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我們有一群在職涯各個階段的科學家。
13:47
of their careers. They came to Dartmouth
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他們從我曾經任教的
13:49
College, where I was teaching, and they
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Dartmouth College來，
13:51
talked about with theologians and financiers,
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他們談論神學家和金融家，
13:53
what are some of the issues of public
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現今的科學與工程經費
13:55
funding for science and engineering
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問題是什麼？
13:57
research? What's most important about it?
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最重要的是什麼？
13:59
There are some ideas that emerged that
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有一些從中發展出來很有意義的點子
14:01
I think have really powerful parallels
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讓我認為是跟藝術平行的。
14:03
to the arts. The first thing they said was that
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他們第一個說的是
14:05
the circumstances that we find ourselves in
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我們現在所在的狀況，
14:07
today in the sciences and engineering that
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處在一個科學與工程的年代，
14:09
made us world leaders is very different
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這樣讓我們成為世界領袖，
14:11
than the '40s, the '50s, and the '60s
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跟四零、五零、六零
14:14
and the '70s when we emerged
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甚至七零年代我們才剛開始嶄露頭角非常不同，
14:16
as world leaders, because we're no longer
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因為我們不再
14:18
in competition with fascism, with
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與法西斯主意競賽、
14:20
Soviet-style communism, and by the way
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不再與蘇聯式共產主義對抗，
14:22
that competition wasn't just military,
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別忘了這個對抗不只是軍事上的，
14:24
it included social competition
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還包括社會、
14:26
and political competition as well,
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政治上的競爭，
14:28
that allowed us to look at space
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讓我們可以將時空
14:30
as one of those platforms to prove
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看成一個改善社會
14:32
that our social system was better.
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的平台。
14:35
Another thing they talked about was the
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另外一個他們探討的是
14:37
infrastructure that supports the sciences
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支持基礎科學的基礎架構
14:39
is becoming obsolete. We look at
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快要過時了。
14:41
universities and colleges, small, mid-sized
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我們看國內各研究形大學、
14:44
community colleges across the country,
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社區大學，
14:46
their laboratories are becoming obsolete,
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他們實驗室也快要過時了，
14:49
and this is where we train most of our
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但這也是我們訓練
14:51
science workers and our researchers,
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我們的科學工作者和研究者的地方。
14:53
and our teachers, by the way,
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和我們的老師，
14:55
and then that there's a media that doesn't
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還有那些
14:57
support the dissemination of any more than
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僅僅只能傳播
14:59
the most mundane and inane of information.
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平凡與空洞議題的媒體。
15:01
There's pseudo-science, crop circles,
408
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有假科學、麥田怪圈、
15:03
alien autopsy, haunted houses,
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外星人剖屍、鬼屋、災難。
15:05
or disasters. And that's what we see.
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而這是我們所看到的。
15:08
And this isn't really the information
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但這並不是
15:10
you need to operate in everyday life
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每天過生活所需要的訊息，
15:12
and figure out how to participate in this
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也不是去尋找該如何在民主中存活
15:14
democracy and determine what's going on.
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和決定未來的世界。
15:16
They also said that there's a change
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他們也說企業心態
15:18
in the corporate mentality. Whereas
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也有所改變了。
15:20
government money had always been there
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雖然政府給科學、工程的
15:22
for basic science and engineering research,
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資金一直都在。
15:24
we also counted on some companies to do
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我們也期許企業會做基礎研究，
15:26
some basic research, but what's happened
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但真正發生的
15:28
now is companies put more energy into
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是公司將精力
15:30
short-term product development
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放在短期產品開發
15:32
than they do in basic engineering
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而不是放在基礎工程
15:34
and science research.
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和科學研究。
15:37
And education is not keeping up.
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而且教育也沒能跟上。
15:40
In K through 12, people are taking out
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在孩童教育中，他們把實體實驗移去了。
15:43
wet labs. They think if we put a computer
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他們以為如果我們放一臺電腦到教室，
15:45
in the room it's going to take the place
428
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電腦就可以
15:47
of actually, we're mixing the acids,
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幫我們將酸鹼混合、
15:49
we're growing the potatoes.
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幫我們種馬鈴薯。
15:51
And government funding is decreasing
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然後政府資金正在減少
15:53
in spending and then they're saying,
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然後他們會說
15:55
let's have corporations take over,
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讓企業來出錢吧！
15:57
and that's not true. Government funding
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但這是不對的。
15:59
should at least do things like recognize
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政府資金應該至少
16:01
cost-benefits of basic science and
436
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要瞭解基礎科學和工程研究
16:03
engineering research. We have to know
437
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的成本效益。我們必須知道
16:05
that we have a responsibility
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身為地球子民
16:07
as global citizens in this world.
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我們是有責任的。
16:09
We have to look at the education
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我們必須看人類的教育。
16:11
of humans. We need to build our resources
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我們需要培養這些資源
16:13
today to make sure that they're trained so
442
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確定他們被訓練到
16:15
that they understand the importance of
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他們可以瞭解這些事情的重要性，
16:17
these things, and we have to support
444
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2000
我們還要支持
16:19
the vitality of science, and that doesn't
445
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2000
科學的永續性，
16:21
mean that everything has to have one thing
446
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2000
但這並不表示所有事情
16:23
that's going to go on, or we know
447
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都需要成為一個個體，
16:25
exactly what's going to be the outcome of it,
448
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2000
或是我們需要完全知道結果會怎麼樣，
16:27
but that we support the vitality and the
449
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2000
而是我們會一直持續支持
16:29
intellectual curiosity that goes along,
450
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2000
對知識的好奇心，
16:31
and if you think about those parallels
451
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2000
但如果你想想那些跟藝術平行的，
16:33
to the arts, the competition
452
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2000
為了和波修瓦芭蕾舞團競爭，
16:35
with the Bolshoi Ballet spurred
453
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2000
讓傑弗睿
16:37
the Joffrey and the New York City Ballet
454
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2000
和紐約市力芭蕾舞團
16:39
to become better.
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2000
越來越好。
16:41
Infrastructure museums, theaters,
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2000
全國的基礎設施博物館、劇院、
16:43
movie houses across the country
457
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2000
戲院都正在消失中。
16:45
are disappearing. We have more
458
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2000
我們有更多電視台
16:47
television stations with less to watch,
459
992000
2000
但能看的卻更少，
16:49
we have more money spent on
460
994000
3000
我們有更多錢
16:52
rewrites to get old television programs
461
997000
3000
可以花在舊電視節目、電影
16:55
in the movies.
462
1000000
2000
重建上。
16:57
We have corporate funding now that,
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2000
我們有企業贊助，
16:59
when it goes to some company, when it
464
1004000
2000
但有些公司，
17:01
goes to support the arts, it almost requires
465
1006000
2000
當他們支持藝術，
17:03
that the product be part of the picture
466
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2000
總是要他們的產品出現在
17:05
that the artist draws, and we have
467
1010000
3000
藝術作品當中，
17:08
stadiums that are named over and over
468
1013000
2000
然後我們有一再一再被不同企業
17:10
again by corporations.
469
1015000
2000
重新命名的體育館。
17:12
In Houston, we're trying to figure out
470
1017000
2000
在修士頓，我們正在
17:14
what to do with that Enron Stadium thing.
471
1019000
2000
想要怎麼處理Enron體育館。
17:16
(Laughter) And fine arts and education
472
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2000
（笑聲）而且學校中的
17:18
in the schools is disappearing, and we have
473
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2000
藝術教育正在消失，
17:20
a government that seems like it's gutting
474
1025000
2000
然後我們有個好像不想支持
17:22
the NEA and other programs,
475
1027000
2000
NEA和其他計畫的政府，
17:24
so we have to really stop and think,
476
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2000
所以我們真的很需要停下來想想，
17:26
what are we trying to do
477
1031000
2000
我們對科學和藝術
17:28
with the sciences and the arts?
478
1033000
2000
想要怎麼做呢？
17:30
There's a need to revitalize them.
479
1035000
2000
它們有必要被復興。
17:32
We have to pay attention to it. I just want
480
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2000
我們需要注意這個。
17:34
to tell you really quickly what I'm doing.
481
1039000
2000
我只是想要很快的告訴你們我在做什麼。
17:36
(Applause)
482
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6000
（掌聲）
17:42
I want to tell you what I've been doing
483
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2000
我想要告訴你們一些
17:44
a little bit since... I feel this need
484
1049000
4000
從我認為有需要將這些
17:48
to sort of integrate some of the ideas
485
1053000
2000
我在不同時候碰到的想法融合在一起
17:50
that I've had and run across over time.
486
1055000
2000
之後所做的一些事情。
17:52
One of the things that I found out
487
1057000
3000
其中一件我發現的事是
17:55
is that there's a need to repair
488
1060000
2000
心靈和肉體的分裂
17:57
the dichotomy between the mind and body
489
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2000
是急需補救的
17:59
as well. My mother always told me,
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2000
我母親一直告訴我，
18:01
you have to be observant, know what's
491
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2000
你必須很認真觀察，
18:03
going on in your mind and your body,
492
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2000
瞭解你的腦袋和身體正在發生什麼事。
18:05
and as a dancer I had this tremendous
493
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2000
身為一個舞者，
18:07
faith in my ability to know my body,
494
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2000
我對於自己的身體很瞭解，
18:09
just as I knew how to sense colors.
495
1074000
2000
就像我可以認出不同顏色一樣。
18:11
Then I went to medical school, and I was
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然後我念了醫學院，
18:13
supposed to just go on
497
1078000
2000
我被教育成
18:15
what the machine said about bodies.
498
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2000
只看機器上的數據來瞭解身體。
18:17
You know, you would ask patients
499
1082000
2000
你知道的，你會問病人問題，
18:19
questions and some people would tell you,
500
1084000
2000
然後有些人會跟你說
18:21
"Don't, don't, don't listen to what
501
1086000
2000
「不、不、不、不要聽病人說的。」
18:23
the patients said." We know that patients
502
1088000
2000
我們知道病人
18:25
know and understand their bodies better,
503
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2000
比較瞭解他們自己的身體，
18:27
but these days we're trying to divorce them
504
1092000
2000
但我們正在讓他們遠離這樣的想法。
18:29
from that idea. We have to reconcile the
505
1094000
2000
我們需要在病人對他們身體的認知
18:31
patient's knowledge of their body
506
1096000
2000
和儀器數據當中
18:33
with physician's measurements.
507
1098000
2000
找到一個平衡。
18:35
We had someone talk about
508
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2000
我們有人談過
18:37
measuring emotions and getting machines
509
1102000
2000
測量情緒且讓機器
18:39
to figure out what, to keep us
510
1104000
2000
阻止我們發神經。
18:41
from acting crazy. Right?
511
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2000
對吧？
18:43
No, we shouldn't measure,
512
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2000
不，我們不該測量這些。
18:45
we shouldn't use machines
513
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2000
我們不該用機器
18:47
to measure road rage and then do
514
1112000
2000
來測量開車上的憤怒行為，
18:49
something to keep us from engaging in it.
515
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2000
然後讓機器防止這些行為。
18:51
Maybe we can have machines help us
516
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2000
或許我們可以讓機器
18:53
to recognize that we have road rage and
517
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2000
告訴我們這樣憤怒的行為，
18:55
then we need to know how to control that
518
1120000
2000
然後我們需要知道如何
18:57
without the machines. We even need to be
519
1122000
2000
不使用機器來控制這些情緒。
18:59
able to recognize that without the machines.
520
1124000
2000
我們更應該要不用機器就可以辨認出這些憤怒行為。
19:01
What I'm very concerned about
521
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2000
我很擔心的是
19:03
is how do we bolster our self-awareness
522
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2000
我們要怎麼加強我們身為人類、
19:05
as humans, as biological organisms?
523
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3000
身為生物個體的自我意識？
19:08
Michael Moschen spoke of having to teach
524
1133000
2000
Michael Moschen談到如何
19:10
and learn how to feel with my eyes,
525
1135000
2000
教育和學習用眼感受、
19:12
to see with my hands.
526
1137000
3000
用雙手觀看。
19:15
We have all kinds of possibilities to use
527
1140000
3000
我們使用感官的方式
19:18
our senses by, and that's
528
1143000
2000
有很多不同的可能性，
19:20
what we have to do.
529
1145000
2000
而那正是我們需要做的。
19:22
That's what I want to do, is to try to use
530
1147000
2000
我想要做的，
19:24
bioinstrumentation, those kind of things
531
1149000
3000
就是利用生物儀器
19:27
to help our senses in what we do,
532
1152000
2000
來幫助我們的感官。
19:29
and that's the work I've been doing now as
533
1154000
3000
這正是BioSentient Corporation
19:32
a company called BioSentient Corporation.
534
1157000
2000
（生物知覺公司）正在做的。
19:34
I figured I'd have to do that ad, because
535
1159000
2000
我覺得我需要做這則廣告，
19:36
I'm an entrepreneur, because entrepreneur
536
1161000
2000
因為我是個企業家，
19:38
says that that's somebody who does what
537
1163000
2000
因為企業家說這是一群
19:40
they want to do because they're not broke
538
1165000
2000
沒有窮到要找一個真正的工作
19:42
enough that they have to get a real job.
539
1167000
2000
所以在做自己想要做的事的人。
19:44
(Laughter) But that's the work I'm doing
540
1169000
2000
（笑聲）但這是我在
19:46
with BioSentient Corporation trying to figure
541
1171000
2000
BioSentient Corporation正在試圖瞭解
19:48
out how do we integrate these things?
542
1173000
2000
如何把這些東西組合在一起。
19:50
Let me finish by saying that
543
1175000
2000
讓我用這個來做結尾，
19:52
my personal design issue for the future
544
1177000
3000
就是我個人對未來的設計議題
19:55
is really about integrating, to think about
545
1180000
2000
事實上就是在講融合，
19:57
that intuitive and that analytical.
546
1182000
3000
去思考直覺和分析。
20:00
The arts and sciences are not separate.
547
1185000
4000
藝術和科學不是分開的。
20:04
High school physics lesson before you
548
1189000
2000
在我們離開前來點物理課。
20:06
leave. High school physics teacher used to
549
1191000
2000
高中物理老師曾經拿著一顆球。
20:08
hold up a ball. She would say this ball
550
1193000
2000
她會說這顆球有位能，
20:10
has potential energy, but nothing
551
1195000
2000
但如果什麼事都沒發生，
20:12
will happen to it, it can't do any work
552
1197000
2000
它不會做功，
20:14
until I drop it and it changes states.
553
1199000
2000
直到我讓它掉下去才能改變它的狀態。
20:16
I like to think of ideas as potential energy.
554
1201000
3000
我喜歡把想法想成位能。
20:19
They're really wonderful, but nothing
555
1204000
2000
他們很棒，
20:21
will happen until we risk
556
1206000
3000
但如果沒有採取行動
20:24
putting them into action.
557
1209000
2000
就甚麼都不會發生。
20:26
This conference is filled
558
1211000
2000
這個論壇充滿了
20:28
with wonderful ideas.
559
1213000
2000
很棒的想法。
20:30
We're going to share lots of things
560
1215000
2000
我們要分享這些給人們，
20:32
with people, but nothing's going to happen
561
1217000
2000
但直到我們把這些想法化為行動，
20:34
until we risk putting those ideas into action.
562
1219000
3000
否則什麼事都不會發生。
20:37
We need to revitalize the arts and sciences
563
1222000
2000
我們今天需要重新建立藝術和科學，
20:39
of today, we need to take responsibility
564
1224000
2000
我們需要為未來負責。
20:41
for the future. We can't hide behind saying
565
1226000
2000
我們不能躲在後面
20:43
it's just for company profits,
566
1228000
3000
說這只是公司獲利、
20:46
or it's just a business, or I'm an artist
567
1231000
2000
或只是企業、或我是藝術家
20:48
or an academician.
568
1233000
2000
或學術人員。
20:50
Here's how you judge what you're doing.
569
1235000
2000
這是你如何評估你做的事。
20:52
I talked about that balance between
570
1237000
2000
我談了直覺和
20:54
intuitive, analytical.
571
1239000
2000
分析均衡發展。
20:56
Fran Lebowitz, my favorite cynic,
572
1241000
3000
Fran Lebowitz是我最喜歡的諷世家，
20:59
she said the three questions
573
1244000
2000
她說了三個
21:01
of greatest concern, now I'm going to
574
1246000
2000
最讓人困擾的問題
21:03
add on to design, is,
575
1248000
2000
那就是
21:05
"Is it attractive?"
576
1250000
2000
「是有吸引力的嗎？」
21:07
That's the intuitive.
577
1252000
2000
那是直覺。
21:09
"Is it amusing?" The analytical.
578
1254000
3000
「是令人驚奇的嗎？」這是分析。
21:12
"And does it know its place?"
579
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2000
「它知道自己的定位嗎？」
21:14
The balance. Thank you very much.
580
1259000
3000
這是平衡。非常謝謝你們。
21:17
(Applause)
581
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mae Jemison - Astronaut, engineer, entrepreneur, physician and educatorAstronaut Dr. Mae Jemison‘s inclusive, audacious journey to improving life here on earth and beyond is paving the way for human interstellar travel.
Why you should listen
Dr. Mae Jemison, the first woman of color in space, is at the forefront of integrating physical and social sciences with art and culture to solve problems and foster innovation. Leading the 100 Year Starship seed funded by DARPA to ensure interstellar capabilities, she exploits her experience as a physician, engineer, social scientist and dancer to build a global movement generating radical leaps in knowledge, technology and humanity.
A member of the National Academies, Jemison founded two technology companies and nonprofit Dorothy Jemison Foundation, was Area Peace Corps Medical Officer for Sierra Leone and Liberia -- and appeared on Star Trek.
Mae Jemison | Speaker | TED.com