TED2009
Cameron Sinclair: The refugees of boom-and-bust
卡麥隆‧辛克萊：經濟興衰背後的難民
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卡麥隆‧辛克萊披露了房地產大型工程泡沫化退背後不為人知的代價：數以千計的外勞無人聞問、陷入貧困。他告訴他的建築同業們，只有一個道義上的解決辦法。
Cameron Sinclair - Co-founder, Architecture for Humanity
2006 TED Prize winner Cameron Sinclair is co-founder of Architecture for Humanity, a nonprofit that seeks architecture solutions to global crises -- and acts as a conduit between the design community and the world's humanitarian needs. Full bio
2006 TED Prize winner Cameron Sinclair is co-founder of Architecture for Humanity, a nonprofit that seeks architecture solutions to global crises -- and acts as a conduit between the design community and the world's humanitarian needs. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
A few years ago, my eyes were opened
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幾年前，我親眼目睹了營建業的黑暗面
00:21
to the dark side of the construction industry.
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簡直讓我大開眼界
00:24
In 2006, young Qatari students
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2006 年，年輕的卡達學生
00:27
took me to go and see the migrant worker camps.
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帶我去看外勞的集中營
00:29
And since then I've followed the unfolding issue of worker rights.
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從此，我便一直關心著勞工的人權問題
00:34
In the last six months, more than 300 skyscrapers
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過去半年，在阿拉伯聯合大公國
00:36
in the UAE have been put on hold or canceled.
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有 300 多個摩天大樓的案子停工，或胎死腹中
00:39
Behind the headlines that lay behind these buildings
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在這些大樓的停建報導的背後
00:42
is the fate of the often-indentured construction worker.
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是許多靠營造維生的簽約工人，他們不可知的命運
00:46
1.1 million of them.
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他們的人數多達一百一十萬人
00:48
Mainly Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan
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主要都是印度人、巴基斯坦人、斯里蘭卡人跟尼泊爾人
00:51
and Nepalese, these laborers risk everything
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他們不惜一切離鄉背井
00:53
to make money for their families back home.
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只為了賺錢養活家人
00:56
They pay a middle-man thousands of dollars to be there.
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他們得先付給中間人一大筆錢才能來這打工
00:58
And when they arrive, they find themselves in labor camps with no water,
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他們來到這裡才發現勞工營裡沒水、沒空調
01:02
no air conditioning, and their passports taken away.
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自己的護照也被拿走了
01:06
While it's easy to point the finger at local officials and higher authorities,
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我們不難把這些怪罪給地方官員，跟主管機關
01:10
99 percent of these people are hired by the private sector,
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但是百分之九十九這些勞工的雇主卻是私人機構
01:14
and so therefore we're equally, if not more, accountable.
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所以我們也難逃責任
01:17
Groups like Buildsafe UAE have emerged,
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類似 UAE Buildsafe 的集團越來越多
01:20
but the numbers are simply overwhelming.
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而且數量相當龐大
01:22
In August 2008,
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2008 年 8 月
01:24
UAE public officials noted
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阿拉伯聯合大公國的官員表示
01:26
that 40 percent of the country's 1,098 labor camps
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全國 1098 個勞工營裡頭
01:30
had violated minimum health and fire safety regulations.
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有 40% 違反了衛生及防火安全的最低標準
01:33
And last summer, more than 10,000 workers
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去年夏天，一萬多名勞工
01:36
protested for the non-payment of wages,
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集體抗議積欠工資
01:39
for the poor quality of food, and inadequate housing.
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伙食和宿舍品質太差等問題
01:42
And then the financial collapse happened.
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然後就爆發了金融危機
01:45
When the contractors have gone bust,
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營造廠因為財務槓桿操作過大而破產倒閉
01:47
as they've been overleveraged like everyone else,
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情形跟其他破產的人一樣
01:49
the difference is everything goes missing,
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唯一不同的是，這些勞工的東西都不見了
01:52
documentation, passports,
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證明文件、護照
01:54
and tickets home for these workers.
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返鄉的機票等
01:56
Currently, right now, thousands of workers are abandoned.
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現在，有數千名勞工遭到遺棄
02:00
There is no way back home.
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他們沒辦法回家
02:02
And there is no way, and no proof of arrival.
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也沒有入境證明
02:05
These are the boom-and-bust refugees.
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他們成了經濟發展興與衰背後的難民
02:08
The question is, as a building professional,
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問題是，我們身為營建的專業人士
02:11
as an architect, an engineer, as a developer,
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身為建築師、工程師，或開發商
02:13
if you know this is going on,
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如果你早知道這會持續
02:15
as we go to the sights every single week,
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當我們每個星期去視察工地時
02:18
are you complacent or complicit
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你難道會滿意你自己成為
02:20
in the human rights violations?
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侵害勞工人權的幫兇嗎？
02:22
So let's forget your environmental footprint.
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讓我們暫時忘了環保問題
02:25
Let's think about your ethical footprint.
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來想想道義問題吧
02:27
What good is it
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這究竟有什麼好啊？
02:30
to build a zero-carbon, energy efficient complex,
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我們蓋了一堆零碳排放、不浪費能源的綠色建築
02:33
when the labor producing this architectural gem
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可是參與興建這些美好建築的勞工們
02:36
is unethical at best?
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卻一點都得不到符合人權與道義的待遇
02:39
Now, recently I've been told I've been taking the high road.
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最近一直有人說我對此事的態度相當積極
02:41
But, quite frankly, on this issue,
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坦白說，在這個議題上
02:43
there is no other road.
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我們不應該有其他的態度
02:45
So let's not forget who is really paying the price of this financial collapse.
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我們千萬別忘記那些真正為不景氣付出代價的人
02:49
And that as we worry about our next job in the office,
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當我們坐在辦公室煩惱著下個工程
02:52
the next design that we can get, to keep our workers.
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想著要爭取下一個設計案，好保住我們的員工時
02:56
Let's not forget these men, who are truly dying to work.
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也千萬別忘了這些人，他們的工作是用生命換來的
02:59
Thank you.
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謝謝！
03:01
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Cameron Sinclair - Co-founder, Architecture for Humanity2006 TED Prize winner Cameron Sinclair is co-founder of Architecture for Humanity, a nonprofit that seeks architecture solutions to global crises -- and acts as a conduit between the design community and the world's humanitarian needs.
Why you should listen
After training as an architect, Cameron Sinclair (then age 24) joined Kate Stohr to found Architecture for Humanity, a nonprofit that helps architects apply their skills to humanitarian efforts. Starting with just $700 and a simple web site in 1999, AFH has grown into an international hub for humanitarian design, offering innovative solutions to housing problems in all corners of the globe.
Whether rebuilding earthquake-ravaged Bam in Iran, designing a soccer field doubling as an HIV/AIDS clinic in Africa, housing refugees on the Afghan border, or helping Katrina victims rebuild, Architecture for Humanity works by Sinclair's mantra: "Design like you give a damn." (Sinclair and Stohr cowrote a book by the same name, released in 2006.)
A regular contributor to the sustainability blog Worldchanging.com, Sinclair is now working on the Open Architecture Network, born from the wish he made when he accepted the 2006 TED Prize: to build a global, open-source network where architects, governments and NGOs can share and implement design plans to house the world.
Cameron Sinclair | Speaker | TED.com