Erez Yoeli: How to motivate people to do good for others
إيريز يولي: كيفية تحفيز الأشخاص لعمل الخير
Erez Yoeli's research focuses on altruism: understanding how it works and how to promote it. Full bio
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يقومون بالمزيد من الأعمال الجيّدة،
give to charity, conserve resources,
الخيرية، حفظ الموارد،
as washing their mugs at work
كغسيل أكوابهم في العمل
always full of dirty dishes?
دائما مليئة بالأطباق القذرة؟
working on this problem,
على هذه المشكلة،
that prevents blackouts
يمنع انقطاع تيّار الكهرباء
on a tried-and-true technology.
مجرّبة وحقيقية.
administration even called
America's electrical grid."
الكهرباء الأميريكية."
great technological solutions,
the power company sent them a nice letter,
أرسلت لهم شركة الكهرباء رسالة لطيفة،
all the program's benefits,
into a hotline if they were interested.
إن كانوا مهتمين.
we suggested one small change.
that they'd post near the mailboxes
يضعونها في أقرب مكان لصناديق البريد
about what others think of them,
يهتمون بما يقوله الآخرون عنهم،
as generous and kind,
كأشخاص كرماء ولطفاء،
being seen as selfish or a mooch.
بأن نظهر كأشخاص أنانيين أو سارقين.
this is a big part of why people do good,
كبير من سبب فعل الأشخاص للأشياء الجيدة،
more credit for doing good,
حافزًا إضافيًّا لفعل الخير،
a really big difference.
switching from a hotline,
من الخط السريع،
about your good deed,
can see your name.
nonprofits, companies,
والمؤسسات غير الربحية والشركات،
to do more good,
يقومون بفعل المزيد من الخير،
the first item on that checklist.
أول بند من تلك القائمة.
about good deeds.
سوف يكتشفون الأفعال الجيدة.
أن البعض منكم يفكرون غالباً،
some of you are probably thinking,
أن الأشخاص هنا فَكّروا:
I'm getting credit for my good deed,
لأعمالي الجيدة،
decisions in private,
بشكلٍ شخصي،
or how to pay their bills on time.
أو كيف سيدفعون فواتيرهم في الموعد المحدد.
their decision more observable,
to the opportunity to do good.
بفرص فعل الأعمال الجيدة.
so powerful about our approach
people's existing desire to do good,
لعمل الخير،
to prevent a blackout.
من انقطاع التيار الكهربائي،
of thousands of letters every election
خلال كل انتخابات
to motivate them to go to the polls.
إلى مراكز الاقتراع.
the following sentence:
about your experience at the polls."
حول تجربتكم في مراكز الاقتراع."
more observable when you go to the polls,
ملحوظًا أكثر،
of the letter by 50 percent.
the cost of getting an additional vote
من تكلفة عناء جلب أصوات إضافية
to donate blood more frequently
بشكلٍ متكرر.
on local newsletters,
بالصحيفة المحليّة،
on a public website.
to buy a more fuel-efficient car
لشراء سيارة تتميز بكفاءة استهلاكها للوقود
was observable from a mile away.
كانت ملحوظة من على بعد ميل.
asking for money on the sidewalk
على جانب الطريق
and look really busy,
ليبدوا منشغلين،
waltz right on by the donation box.
صندوق التبرعات بلا أدنى مبالاة.
and there's a Salvation Army volunteer,
وهناك متطوع من جيش الخلاص،
from the Salvation Army
(جيش يساعد الفقراء)
stood in front of just one door,
by going out the other door.
لناحية الباب الآخر.
"Oh, I didn't see the volunteer,"
"أوه، لم أرى المتبرعين،"
something from over there,"
to the second item on our checklist:
على القائمة:
standing in front of both doors,
تعني الوقوف بجانب البابين،
were out in the parking lot,
as they came in and out of the store,
ويخرجون من المتجر،
stood in front of both doors,
بالوقوف أمام البابين،
out of the store at all.
so they decided to look into it further,
لذلك قرروا أن ينظروا لأبعد من ذلك،
was actually a third, smaller utility door
باب المرافق الصغير
in order to avoid the volunteers.
لتجنب المتطوعين.
an important lesson though.
we need to be very thorough,
يجب أن نتعمق جداً بها،
really creative in making them.
deadly consequences.
deadliest infectious disease has a cure,
أصبح لديه علاج،
almost every time?
بشكل يومي؟
we've got the solution.
لدينا الحل.
get other people sick.
we've been collaborating
called Keheala
as they undergo treatment.
TB treatment, it's really tough.
هو صعبٌ جداً.
a really strong antibiotic
that it will make you feel sick.
مرضى جداً.
you have to go back to the clinic
إلى المركز الطبي
in order to get more pills,
من حبوب الدواء،
or other places where TB is common,
وفي أماكن أخرى حيث يعتبر السّل شائع،
about going someplace pretty far,
a half day off of work every week
لباقي يوم العمل
can't afford to lose.
that there's a terrible stigma,
هناك وصمة عار كبيرة،
to find that you have the disease.
أن يعلموا بأن لديكم هذا المرض.
are actually from women
التي سمعناها هي من امرأة
domestic violence can be kind of common,
فيها العنف المنزلي أمراً شائعاً
hide it from their husbands
that people don't complete treatment.
ألا يكمل الأشخاص علاجهم.
to remind them to take their medication,
but then I totally forgot,
ذلك نسيت تماماً،
and I just forgot about it."
that they've taken their medication.
تناولوا دوائهم.
we text them yet again.
مرة أخرى أيضاً
they still haven't verified,
uses all sorts of behavioral techniques,
كل أنواع التقنيات السلوكية،
probably noticed, observability,
not to complete treatment.
you need to be aware of.
يجب أن تكونوا مدركين له
or Japan or London,
أو (اليابان) أو (لندن)،
on the right-hand side of the escalator
الدرج المتحرك
not everywhere is that the norm,
where you can just stand on both sides
حيث يمكنك الوقوف في الجانبين
and let them go by,
to do that some places.
إلا في بعض الأماكن
are really sensitive to cues
مجموعة حسّاسة
in a particular situation,
في مواقف معيّنة،
and final item on our checklist:
والأخير بقائمتنا:
to communicate expectations;
is doing the good deed."
بالأعمال الخير."
sends people in their electricity bill
في فاتورة الكهرباء
their energy consumption
لأولئك الأشخاص
with similarly sized homes.
neighbors are using less electricity,
طاقة أقل.
to get people to vote or give to charity
أو ليتبرعوا للجمعيات الخيرية
to communicate expectations;
just at the right time.
الأعمال الجيدة" وبالوقت المناسب.
of turning off the lights
into an environmental contribution.
lots of different ways to do this,
لفعل ذلك،
with important social consequences,
عواقب اجتماعية مهمة،
to motivate people to do more good.
الأشخاص لفعل الخير.
can help you with this.
مساعدتكم في هذه.
that you raise additional funds
نفقات إضافية
any more fancy technologies.
eliminating excuses
وإقصاء الأعذار
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Erez Yoeli - Research scientistErez Yoeli's research focuses on altruism: understanding how it works and how to promote it.
Why you should listen
Erez (pronounced ‘EH-rez’) Yoeli is a research scientist at MIT's Sloan School of Management, where he directs the Applied Cooperation Team. His research focuses on altruism: understanding how it works and how to promote it. He collaborates with governments, nonprofits and companies to apply these insights to address real-world challenges like increasing energy conservation, improving antibiotic adherence, reducing smoking in public places and promoting philanthropy.
Yoeli teaches the undergraduate Game Theory course at Harvard and regularly publishes theoretical and applied academic research articles. He shares his research highlights through frequent talks and featured articles in the New York Times, The Economist, Quartz and Behavioral Scientist. His research has also been profiled nationally and internationally in publications like TIME and Huffington Post.
Yoeli received his PhD in economics from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Before founding the Applied Cooperation Team, he was an economist at the US Federal Trade Commission and served as an expert witness in cases against companies that defrauded consumers. In an earlier, "pre-economist" life, he was a classical percussionist. He enjoys spicy food, hiking and spending time with his two very cuddly cats.
Erez Yoeli | Speaker | TED.com