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Diébédo Francis Kéré: How to build with clay ... and community
Diébédo Francis Kéré: Com construir amb argila... i amb la comunitat
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En Diébédo Francis Kéré sabia exactament el que volia fer quan va obtenir el seu diploma en arquitectura... Volia tornar a casa a Gando, Burkina Faso, per ajudar als seus veïns a obtenir els beneficis de la seva educació. En la seva encantadora xerrada, Kéré ens mostra algunes de les boniques estructures que ha ajudat a crear en aquest petit poble en els últims anys, incloent-hi una premiada escola primària feta d'argila per tota la comunitat.
Diébédo Francis Kéré - Community-minded architect
Diébédo Francis Kéré and his architectural firm design buildings that are good for the environment -- and those who use them. Full bio
Diébédo Francis Kéré and his architectural firm design buildings that are good for the environment -- and those who use them. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I would like to show you how
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M'agradaria ensenyar-vos com
00:15
architecture has helped
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l'arquitectura ha ajudat
00:18
to change the life of my community
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a canviar la vida de la meva comunitat
00:21
and has opened opportunities to hope.
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i ha obert oportunitats a l'esperança.
00:26
I am a native of Burkina Faso.
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Sóc natiu de Burkina Faso.
00:29
According to the World Bank, Burkina Faso
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Segons el Banc Mundial, Burkina Faso
00:32
is one of the poorest countries in the world,
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és un dels països més pobres del món,
00:35
but what does it look like
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però com és el fet
00:38
to grow up in a place like that?
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de créixer en un lloc així?
00:41
I am an example of that.
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Jo en sóc un exemple.
00:44
I was born in a little village called Gando.
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Vaig nèixer en un poblet que es diu Gando.
00:48
In Gando, there was no electricity,
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A Gando, no hi havia electricitat,
00:52
no access to clean drinking water, and no school.
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ni accés a aigua neta potable, i cap escola.
00:57
But my father wanted me
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Però el meu pare volia que jo
00:59
to learn how to read and write.
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aprengués a llegir i escriure.
01:01
For this reason, I had to leave my family
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Per aquesta raó, vaig haver de deixar la meva família
01:06
when I was seven and to stay in a city
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quan tenia 7 anys i quedar-me en una ciutat
01:09
far away from my village
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lluny del meu poble
01:11
with no contact with my family.
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sense cap mena de contacte amb la meva família.
01:15
In this place I sat
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En aquest lloc m'asseia
01:19
in a class like that
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en una classe així
01:21
with more than 150 other kids,
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amb més de 150 altres nens,
01:24
and for six years.
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i durant sis anys.
01:27
In this time, it just happened to me to come to school
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Durant aquest temps, em va passar d'arribar a l'escola
01:31
to realize that my classmate died.
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i assabentar-me que el meu
company de classe havia mort.
company de classe havia mort.
01:37
Today, not so much has changed.
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Avui dia, no ha canviat massa cosa.
01:41
There is still no electricity in my village.
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Encara no hi ha electricitat al meu poble.
01:46
People still are dying in Burkina Faso,
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La gent encara mor a Burkina Faso,
01:48
and access to clean drinking water
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i l'accés a l'aigua neta potable
01:52
is still a big problem.
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encara és un problema.
01:56
I had luck. I was lucky, because this is a fact of life
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Jo vaig tenir sort. Vaig ser afortunat,
perquè així és la vida
perquè així és la vida
02:04
when you grow up in a place like that.
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quan creixes en un lloc així.
02:06
But I was lucky.
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Però vaig tenir sort.
02:09
I had a scholarship.
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Vaig rebre una beca.
02:11
I could go to Germany to study.
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Podia anar a Alemanya a estudiar.
02:15
So now, I suppose,
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Llavors, suposo que
02:19
I don't need to explain to you how great a privilege
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no necessito explicar-vos quin privilegi més gran
02:24
it is for me to be standing before you today.
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em suposa estar aqui davant vostre.
02:28
From Gando, my home village in Burkina Faso,
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Des de Gando, el meu poble a Burkina Faso,
02:32
to Berlin in Germany to become an architect
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a Berlin, Alemanya per ser arquitecte
02:37
is a big, big step.
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és un pas molt, molt gran.
02:42
But what to do with this privilege?
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Però i que fer-ne d'aquest privilegi?
02:47
Since I was a student, I wanted to open up
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Des de que era un estudiant, volia obrir camí
02:51
better opportunities to other kids in Gando.
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a millors oportunitats a altres nens a Gando.
02:54
I just wanted to use my skills and build a school.
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Volia fer servir les meves habilitats
i construir una escola.
i construir una escola.
02:57
But how do you do it when you're still a student
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Però com ho fas quan encara ets un estudiant
03:00
and you don't have money?
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i no tens diners?
03:02
Oh yes, I started to make drawings
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Ah si, vaig començar a fer dibuixos
03:05
and asked for money.
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i a demanar diners.
03:07
Fundraising was not an easy task.
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Recaptar fons no va ser una tasca fàcil.
03:11
I even asked my classmates
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Fins i tot vaig demanar als meus companys de classe
03:13
to spend less money on coffee and cigarettes,
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de gastar menys en cafè i cigarrets,
03:17
but to sponsor my school project.
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i ajudar el meu projecte d'escola.
03:20
In real wonder, two years later,
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De forma sorprenent, al cap de dos anys,
03:24
I was able to collect 50,000 U.S. dollars.
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havia pogut reunir 50.000 dòlars americans.
03:30
When I came home to Gando
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Quan vaig arribar a casa a Gando
03:33
to bring the good news,
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per donar les bones notícies,
03:35
my people were over the moon,
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la meva gent estava plena d'alegria,
03:39
but when they realized
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però quan es van adonar
03:41
that I was planning to use clay,
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que jo planejava fer servir fang,
03:44
they were shocked.
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van estar molt sorpresos.
03:46
"A clay building is not able to stand a rainy season,
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"Un edifici de fang no pot resistir l'estació de pluges,
03:50
and Francis wants us to use it and build a school.
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i en Francis el vol fer servir per construir una escola.
03:55
Is this the reason why he spent so much time
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És aquesta la raó per la què ha passat tant de temps
03:58
in Europe studying
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a Europa estudiant
04:00
instead of working in the field with us?"
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en comptes de treballar al camp amb nosaltres?"
04:04
My people build all the time with clay,
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La meva gent sempre construeix amb argila
04:08
but they don't see any innovation with mud.
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però no hi veuen cap innovació en el fang.
04:13
So I had to convince everybody.
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Aixi que vaig haver de convèncer a tothom.
04:15
I started to speak with the community,
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Vaig començar a parlar amb la comunitat,
04:19
and I could convince everybody,
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fins que vaig convèncer a tothom,
04:21
and we could start to work.
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i vam poder començar a treballar.
04:24
And the women, the men,
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I les dones, els homes,
04:26
everybody from the village,
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tothom del poble,
04:28
was part of this building process.
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va formar part del procés de construcció.
04:30
I was allowed to use even traditional techniques.
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Fins i tot vaig poder utilitzar tècniques tradicionals.
04:34
So clay floor for example,
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Com ara el terra d'argila per exemple,
04:36
the young men come and stand like that, beating,
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els homes joves vénen i es posen aixi, colpejant,
04:40
hours for hours,
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hores i hores,
04:42
and then their mothers came,
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després les seves mares vénen,
04:43
and they are beating in this position,
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i colpegen en aquesta posició,
04:47
for hours, giving water and beating.
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durant hores, posant aigua i colpejant.
04:52
And then the polishers come.
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I després arriben els polidors.
04:53
They start polishing it with a stone for hours.
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Comencen a polir-lo amb una pedra durant hores.
04:58
And then you have this result,
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I acabes tenint aquest resultat,
05:03
very fine, like a baby bottom.
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molt fi, com el cul d'un nadó.
05:07
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
05:08
It's not photoshopped. (Laughter)
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No està retocat. (Rialles)
05:14
This is the school, built with the community.
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Aquesta es l'escola, construïda amb la comunitat.
05:17
The walls are totally made out
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Les parets estan totes fetes
05:19
of compressed clay blocks from Gando.
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amb blocs d'argila comprida de Gando.
05:23
The roof structure is made
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L'estructura del sostre està feta
05:26
with cheap steel bars
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amb barres d'acer barates
05:29
normally hiding inside concrete.
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normalment amagades dins de formigó.
05:32
And the classroom, the ceiling is made
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I la classe, el sostre està fet
05:36
out of both of them used together.
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dels dos materials fets servir junts.
05:38
In this school, there was a simple idea:
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En aquesta escola, hi havia una idea simple:
05:41
to create comfort in a classroom.
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Crear confort en una classe.
05:45
Don't forget, it can be 45 degrees in Burkina Faso,
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No us oblideu, hi pot fer 45 graus a Burkina Faso,
05:50
so with simple ventilation,
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aixi que amb ventilació simple,
05:52
I wanted to make the classroom
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volia convertir la classe
05:54
good for teaching and learning.
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en un bon lloc per ensenyar i aprendre.
05:57
And this is the project today,
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I aquest es el projecte avui dia,
06:00
12 years old, still in best condition.
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12 anys després i encara en la millor condició.
06:03
And the kids, they love it.
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I als nens, els encanta.
06:09
And for me and my community,
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I per a mi i a la meva comunitat,
06:12
this project was a huge success.
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aquest projecte va ser un èxit enorme.
06:16
It has opened up opportunities
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Ha obert noves oportunitats
06:19
to do more projects in Gando.
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per fer més projectes a Gando.
06:21
So I could do a lot of projects,
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Així que vaig poder fer molts més projectes,
06:24
and here I am going to share with you
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i avui en compartiré només
06:27
only three of them.
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tres d'ells amb vosaltres.
06:29
The first one is the school extension, of course.
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El primer es l'extensió de l'escola, per suposat.
06:33
How do you explain drawings and engineering
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Com expliques dibuixos i ingenieria
06:36
to people who are neither able to read nor write?
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a la gent que no pot ni llegir ni escriure?
06:40
I started to build a prototype like that.
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Vaig començar a fer un prototip com aquest.
06:43
The innovation was to build a clay vault.
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La innovació va ser construïr una volta d'argila.
06:46
So then, I jumped on the top like that,
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Llavors, hi vaig saltar al damunt així,
06:49
with my team, and it works.
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amb el meu equip, i funciona.
06:51
The community is looking. It still works.
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La comunitat esta mirant. Encara funciona.
06:53
So we can build. (Laughter)
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Aixi que podem construïr. (Rialles)
06:56
And we kept building, and that is the result.
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I vam continuar construint, i aquest és el resultat.
07:00
The kids are happy, and they love it.
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Els nens estàn contents, i els encanta.
07:04
The community is very proud. We made it.
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La comunitat està molt orgullosa.
Ho vam fer nosaltres.
Ho vam fer nosaltres.
07:08
And even animals, like these donkeys,
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I fins hi tot els animals, com aquestes ases,
07:12
love our buildings.
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estan encantats amb els nostres edificis.
07:14
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
07:18
The next project is the library in Gando.
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El següent projecte és la biblioteca de Gando.
07:22
And see now, we tried to introduce
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I com veieu, vam intentar d'introduir
07:26
different ideas in our buildings,
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idees diferents a les nostres construccions,
07:28
but we often don't have so much material.
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però sovint no tenim tant material.
07:32
Something we have in Gando are clay pots.
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El que tenim a Gando són contenidors d'argila.
07:36
We wanted to use them to create openings.
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Volíem fer-los servir per crear obertures.
07:39
So we just bring them like you can see
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Aixi que els portem com podeu veure
07:41
to the building site.
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al lloc de construcció.
07:43
we start cutting them,
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Comencem a tallar-los,
07:46
and then we place them on top of the roof
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i després els col·loquem a sobre del sostre
07:49
before we pour the concrete,
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abans de posar-hi formigó,
07:51
and you have this result.
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i obtens aquest resultat.
07:53
The openings are letting the hot air out
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Les obertures deixen sortir l'aire calent
07:56
and light in.
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i fan entrar la llum.
07:58
Very simple.
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Molt simple.
08:00
My most recent project in Gando
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El meu projecte més recent a Gando
08:03
is a high school project.
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és un projecte d'institut.
08:05
I would like to share with you this.
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M'agradaria compartir-lo amb vosaltres.
08:07
The innovation in this project
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La innovació en aquest projecte
08:09
is to cast mud like you cast concrete.
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és donar forma a l'argila com si fos formigó.
08:14
How do you cast mud?
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Com es dóna forma a l'argila?
08:16
We start making a lot of mortars, like you can see,
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Comencem per fer molts morters, com podeu veure,
08:19
and when everything is ready,
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i quan tot està a punt,
08:21
when you know what is the best recipe
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quan saps quina és la millor recepta
08:23
and the best form,
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i la millor manera,
08:25
you start working with the community.
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comences a treballar amb la comunitat.
08:27
And sometimes I can leave.
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I a vegades puc marxar.
08:29
They will do it themselves.
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Ho faran tot sols.
08:31
I came to speak to you like that.
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Aixi és com he pogut venir a parlar amb vosaltres.
08:35
Another factor in Gando is rain.
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Un altre factor a Gando és la pluja.
08:37
When the rains come,
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Quan arriben les pluges,
08:39
we hurry up to protect our fragile walls
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ens espavilem a protegir les nostres parets fràgils
08:42
against the rain.
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de la pluja.
08:45
Don't confound with Christo and Jeanne-Claude.
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No us confongueu amb Christo i Jeanne-Claude.
08:48
It is simply how we protect our walls.
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Simplement és com protegim les nostres parets.
08:51
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
08:52
The rain in Burkina comes very fast,
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La pluja a Burkina arriba molt ràpid,
08:55
and after that, you have floods
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i després tens inundacions
08:58
everywhere in the country.
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a tot arreu del país.
09:00
But for us, the rain is good.
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Però per a nosaltres, la puja és bona.
09:04
It brings sand and gravel to the river
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Porta sorra i grava al riu
09:07
we need to use to build.
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que necessitem per construir.
09:10
We just wait for the rain to go.
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Nosaltres esperem que la pluja escampi.
09:12
We take the sand, we mix it with clay,
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Agafem la sorra, la barregem amb argila,
09:15
and we keep building.
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i continuem comstruint.
09:18
That is it.
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Això és tot.
09:20
The Gando project was always
connected to training the people,
connected to training the people,
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El projecte de Gando sempre ha estat
connectat a ensenyar a la gent
connectat a ensenyar a la gent
09:23
because I just wanted, one day
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perquè el que volia és que, un dia
09:26
when I fall down and die,
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quan jo caigui i mori,
09:29
that at least one person from Gando
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com a mínim una persona de Gando
09:32
keeps doing this work.
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continuï fent aquesta feina.
09:36
But you will be surprised. I'm still alive.
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Però us sorprendreu. Encara estic viu.
09:39
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
09:40
And my people now can use their skills
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I la meva gent ara pot fer servir les seves habilitats
09:43
to earn money themselves.
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per guanyar diners per ells mateixos.
09:48
Usually, for a young man from Gando to earn money,
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Normalment, per què un noi jove
de Gando es guanyi un sou,
de Gando es guanyi un sou,
09:52
you have to leave the country
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ha de marxar del camp
09:54
to the city, sometimes leave the country
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i anar a la ciutat, a vegades deixar el país
09:58
and some never come back,
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i alguns no tornen mai,
10:00
making the community weaker.
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cosa que fa la comunitat més dèbil.
10:03
But now they can stay in the country
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Però ara es poden quedar al camp
10:07
and work on different building sites
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i treballar en diversos llocs de construcció
10:09
and earn money to feed their family.
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i guanyar diners per alimentar a la seva família.
10:11
There's a new quality in this work.
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Hi ha una qualitat nova en aquest treball.
10:16
Yes, you know it.
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Si, ja ho sabeu.
10:18
I have won a lot of awards through this work.
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He guanyat molts premis a través d'aquest treball.
10:23
For sure, it has opened opportunities.
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Per descomptat, ha obert noves oportunitats.
10:26
I have become myself known.
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Ara sóc conegut.
10:29
But the reason why I do what I do
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Però la raó per la qual faig el que faig
10:34
is my community.
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és la meva comunitat.
10:37
When I was a kid,
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Quan jo era un nen,
10:39
I was going to school,
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i anava a l'escola,
10:41
I was coming back every holiday to Gando.
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tornava a Gando per vacances.
10:45
By the end of every holidays,
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Al final de cada temporada,
10:47
I had to say goodbye to the community,
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havia de dir adéu a la comunitat,
10:50
going from one compound to another one.
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anant d'un recinte a l'altre.
10:54
All women in Gando will open their clothes like that
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Totes les dones de Gando obrien la seva roba així
10:59
and give me the last penny.
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i em donaven el seu últim centau.
11:03
In my culture, this is a symbol of deep affection.
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A la meva cultura, això és símbol d'afecció profunda.
11:08
As a seven-year-old guy, I was impressed.
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Amb 7 anys d'edat, jo estava impressionat.
11:11
I just asked my mother one day,
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Un dia li vaig preguntar a la meva mare,
11:14
"Why do all these women love me so much?"
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"Per què totes aquestes dones m'estimen tant?"
11:17
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
11:18
She just answered,
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Ella va respondre,
11:21
"They are contributing to pay for your education
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"Estan contribuint a pagar per la teva educació
11:25
hoping that you will be successful
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amb l'esperança de que tindràs èxit
11:28
and one day come back and help
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i un dia tornaràs per ajudar a
11:31
improve the quality of life of the community."
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millorar la qualitat de vida de la comunitat."
11:35
I hope now that I was able
to make my community proud
to make my community proud
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Espero que hagi pogut fer sentir orgullosa
a la meva comunitat
a la meva comunitat
11:40
through this work,
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a través d'aquesta feina,
11:42
and I hope I was able to prove you the power
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i espero haver estat capaç de provar-vos el poder
11:46
of community,
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de la comunitat,
11:47
and to show you that architecture
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i ensenyar-vos que l'arquitectura
11:51
can be inspiring for communities
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pot ser inspiradora per a les comunitats
11:56
to shape their own future.
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per tal de transformar el seu futur.
11:58
Merci beaucoup. (Applause)
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Moltes gràcies. (Aplaudiments)
12:00
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
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Gràcies. Gràcies. Gràcies. Gràcies.
12:05
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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Gràcies. Gràcies. (Aplaudiments)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Diébédo Francis Kéré - Community-minded architectDiébédo Francis Kéré and his architectural firm design buildings that are good for the environment -- and those who use them.
Why you should listen
Diébédo Francis Kéré grew up in Gando, a small village in Burkina Faso. Having gone away to school, first within his country and then at the Technische Universität in Berlin, Germany, he resolved to give back to the community that raised him. He does that through the power of architecture.
Through his firm, Kéré Architecture, Kéré focuses on using local building materials and techniques in a modern way, to redefine and redesign the enviroment. In Burkina Faso, that means working predominantly with clay, and his innovative approach has seen the creation of remarkably beautiful, modern buildings that are entirely appropriate to the setting.
His first building, a primary school in Gando, was completed in 2001 and received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture. Since then, he has designed other structures for the village; his other work there has also won multiple awards, including the Global Award, the BSI Swiss Architectural Award, the Marcus Prize and the Global Holcim Award Gold 2012.
Kéré also teaches architecture; he has lectured at colleges including the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, and Harvard. In 2013, he began teaching at the Accademia di Architettura in Mendrisio, Switzerland.
Diébédo Francis Kéré | Speaker | TED.com