TED2008
Christopher deCharms: A look inside the brain in real time
Christopher deCharms escaneja el cervell en temps real.
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
1,923,937 views
El neurocientífic i inventor Chrisotpher deCharms ensenya una nova forma de fer servir una IRMf (imatge per ressonància magnètica funcional) per mostrar l'activitat del cervell (pensaments, emocions, dolor) en temps real. Dit d'una altra manera, realment podem veure com ens sentim.
Christopher deCharms - Brain researcher
Christopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time. Full bio
Christopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Hi. I'm going to ask you to raise your arms and wave back,
0
0
3000
Hola. Si us plau, aixequeu els braços i saludeu-me amb la mà,
00:15
just the way I am -- kind of a royal wave.
1
3000
3000
tal com ho estic fent jo, una mena de salutació reial.
00:18
You can mimic what you can see.
2
6000
2000
Podeu imitar allò que veieu.
00:20
You can program the hundreds of muscles in your arm.
3
8000
3000
Sou capaços de programar els centenars de músculs del braç.
00:23
Soon, you'll be able to look inside your brain and program,
4
11000
4000
Aviat, sereu capaços de mirar dins el vostre cervell i programar,
00:28
control the hundreds of brain areas that you see there.
5
16000
2000
controlar els centenars d'àrees cerebrals que veieu aquí.
00:30
I'm going to tell you about that technology.
6
18000
3000
Us parlaré sobre aquesta tecnologia.
00:33
People have wanted to look inside the human mind,
7
21000
1000
Durant milers d'anys, la gent ha volgut mirar dins la ment humana,
00:34
the human brain, for thousands of years.
8
22000
3000
dins el cervell humà.
00:37
Well, coming out of the research labs just now, for our generation, is the possibility to do that.
9
25000
5000
Tot just acaba de sortir dels laboratoris, la possibilitat que la nostra generació pugui fer-ho.
00:42
People envision this as being very difficult.
10
30000
2000
La gent s'imaginava que això era molt complicat.
00:44
You had to take a spaceship, shrink it down, inject it into the bloodstream.
11
32000
4000
Havíeu d'agafar una nau espacial, encongir-la i injectar-la al flux sanguini.
00:48
It was terribly dangerous. (Laughter)
12
36000
2000
Era realment perillós.
00:50
You could be attacked by white blood cells in the arteries.
13
38000
3000
Les cèl·lules blanques podien atacar-te a les artèries.
00:53
But now, we have a real technology to do this.
14
41000
4000
Ara, però, tenim una tecnologia real per a poder-ho fer.
00:57
We're going to fly into my colleague Peter's brain.
15
45000
2000
Ara viatjarem dins el cervell del meu col·lega Peter.
00:59
We're going to do it non-invasively using MRI.
16
47000
3000
Ho farem d'una forma no invasiva, fent servir una IRM (imatge per ressonància magnètica).
01:02
We don't have to inject anything. We don't need radiation.
17
50000
4000
No hem d'injectar res. No necessitem radiació.
01:06
We will be able to fly into the anatomy of Peter's brain -- literally, fly into his body --
18
54000
5000
Podrem entrar dins l'anatomia del cervell d'en Peter, entrar literalment dins al seu cos;
01:11
but more importantly, we can look into his mind.
19
59000
2000
però més important encara és que podem mirar dins la seva ment.
01:13
When Peter moves his arm, that yellow spot you see there
20
61000
3000
Quan en Peter mou el braç, aquest punt groc que veieu
01:16
is the interface to the functioning of Peter's mind taking place.
21
64000
4000
és la interfície al funcionament de la ment d'en Peter.
01:20
Now you've seen before that with electrodes you can control robotic arms,
22
68000
3000
Ja heu vist que és possible controlar braços robòtics amb elèctrodes
01:23
that brain imaging and scanners can show you the insides of brains.
23
71000
4000
i que els escàners i les imatges cerebrals ens mostren l'interior del cervell.
01:27
What's new is that that process has typically taken days or months of analysis.
24
75000
5000
El que és novedós és que, mentre que aquest procés normalment implicava dies o mesos d'anàlisi,
01:32
We've collapsed that through technology to milliseconds,
25
80000
3000
gràcies a la tecnologia hem reduït aquest temps a mil·lisegons
01:35
and that allows us to let Peter to look at his brain in real time as he's inside the scanner.
26
83000
4000
i podem veure el cervell d'en Peter en temps real alhora que ell és dins l'escàner.
01:39
He can look at these 65,000 points of activation per second.
27
87000
5000
En Peter pot veure aquests 65.000 punts d'activació per segon.
01:44
If he can see this pattern in his own brain, he can learn how to control it.
28
92000
4000
I si pot veure el patró dins el seu cervell, pot aprendre a controlar-lo.
01:48
There have been three ways to try to impact the brain:
29
96000
3000
Abans hi havia tres maneres d'intentar accedir al cervell:
01:51
the therapist's couch, pills and the knife.
30
99000
3000
el sofà del terapeuta, les pastilles i el bisturí.
01:55
This is a fourth alternative that you are soon going to have.
31
103000
4000
Aquesta és una quarta alternativa que aviat tindreu a disposició.
01:59
We all know that as we form thoughts, they form deep channels in our minds and in our brains.
32
107000
5000
Tots sabem que alhora que formem pensaments, es formen canals profunds en la ment i el cervell.
02:04
Chronic pain is an example. If you burn yourself, you pull your hand away.
33
112000
4000
El dolor crònic n'és un exemple. Si us cremeu, enretireu la mà.
02:08
But if you're still in pain in six months' or six years' time,
34
116000
4000
Però si, al cap de sis mesos o sis anys, encara patiu dolor,
02:12
it's because these circuits are producing pain that's no longer helping you.
35
120000
4000
això es deu a que els circuits que produeixen dolor ja no us ajuden.
02:16
If we can look at the activation in the brain that's producing the pain,
36
124000
3000
Si podem veure al cervell l'activació que produeix el dolor,
02:19
we can form 3D models and watch in real time the brain process information,
37
127000
5000
podem formar-ne models en 3D i veure en temps real com el cervell processa la informació,
02:24
and then we can select the areas that produce the pain.
38
132000
3000
i així podem seleccionar les àrees que produeixen el dolor.
02:27
So put your arms back up and flex your bicep.
39
135000
3000
Torneu a aixecar els braços i flexioneu el bíceps.
02:30
Now imagine that you will soon be able to look inside your brain
40
138000
4000
Ara imagineu que aviat sereu capaços de mirar dins el vostre cervell
02:34
and select brain areas to do that same thing.
41
142000
2000
i seleccionar les àrees cerebrals que faran exactament el mateix.
02:36
What you're seeing here is, we've selected the pathways in the brain of a chronic pain patient.
42
144000
4000
El que veieu aquí són els recorreguts cerebrals d'un pacient crònic que hem seleccionat.
02:40
This may shock you, but we're literally reading this person's brain in real time.
43
148000
4000
Pot ser que us sorprengui, però estem, literalment, llegint el cervell d'aquesta persona en temps real.
02:44
They're watching their own brain activation,
44
152000
2000
Estan veient l'activació del seu propi cervell
02:46
and they're controlling the pathway that produces their pain.
45
154000
4000
i estan controlant el recorregut que els produeix el dolor.
02:50
They're learning to flex this system that releases their own endogenous opiates.
46
158000
4000
Estan aprenent a doblegar aquest sistema que allibera els seus propis opiacis endògens.
02:54
As they do it, in the upper left is a display
47
162000
3000
Mentre ho fan, a la part superior esquerra hi ha una pantalla
02:57
that's yoked to their brain activation of their own pain being controlled.
48
165000
4000
connectada a l'activació cerebral del dolor, que estan controlant.
03:01
When they control their brain, they can control their pain.
49
169000
4000
Quan controlen el cervell, poden controlar el dolor.
03:05
This is an investigational technology,
50
173000
2000
Es tracta d'una tecnologia en recerca
03:07
but, in clinical trials, we're seeing a 44 to 64 percent decrease in chronic pain patients.
51
175000
5000
però, en les proves clíniques, hem observat un descens del 44 al 64% en pacients amb dolor crònic.
03:12
This is not "The Matrix." You can only do this to yourself. You take control.
52
180000
5000
Això no és "Matrix". Només vosaltres podeu fer això a vosaltres mateixos. Podeu prendre'n el control.
03:17
I've seen inside my brain. You will too, soon.
53
185000
4000
Jo ja he vist l'interior del meu cervell. Aviat, vosaltres també ho podreu fer.
03:21
When you do, what do you want to control?
54
189000
3000
I, quan ho pogueu fer, què voldreu controlar?
03:24
You will be able to look at all the aspects that make you yourself, all your experiences.
55
192000
5000
Tindreu la possibilitat de mirar tots els aspectes que us fan ser vosaltres, totes les vostres experiències.
03:29
These are some of the areas we're working on today that I don't have time to go into in detail.
56
197000
5000
Actualment estem treballant en aquestes àrees, entre d'altres, però no tinc temps de parlar-vos-en extensament.
03:34
But I want to leave with you the big question.
57
202000
3000
Abans, però, de marxar, us vull proposar una pregunta per a reflexionar.
03:37
We are the first generation that's going to be able to enter into,
58
205000
3000
Som la primera generació que serà capaç d'entrar
03:40
using this technology, the human mind and brain.
59
208000
3000
dins la ment i el cervell humà fent servir aquesta tecnologia.
03:43
Where will we take it?
60
211000
2000
Fins on la portarem?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher deCharms - Brain researcherChristopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time.
Why you should listen
Neuroscientist Christopher deCharms is helping to develop a new kind of MRI that allows doctor and patient to look inside the brain in real time -- to see visual representations of brain processes as they happen. With his company Omneuron, deCharms has developed technology they call rtfMRI, for "real-time functional MRI" -- which is exactly what it sounds like. You move your arm, your brain lights up. You feel pain, your brain lights up.
How could we use the ability to see our brains in action? For a start, to help treat chronic pain with a kind of biofeedback; being able to visualize pain can help patients control it. And longer-term uses boggle the mind. Ours is the first generation, he believes, to be able to train and build our minds as systematically as a weightlifter builds a muscle. What will we do with this?
deCharms is also the author of the book Two Views of Mind, studying Buddhist theories of perception from a neuroscientist's perspective.
Christopher deCharms | Speaker | TED.com