TED2008
Christopher deCharms: A look inside the brain in real time
Christopher deCharms scanner hjernen mens den arbejder.
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Neuroforsker og opfinder Christopher deCharms demonstrerer en ny måde at bruge fMRI til at vise hjerneaktivitet - tanker, følelser, smerte - mens den finder sted. Med andre ord kan du faktisk se, hvordan du føler dig til mode.
Christopher deCharms - Brain researcher
Christopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time. Full bio
Christopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Hi. I'm going to ask you to raise your arms and wave back,
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Hej. Jeg vil bede jer om at løfte jeres arme og vinke tilbage,
00:15
just the way I am -- kind of a royal wave.
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ligesom jeg gør - en slags kongelig vinken.
00:18
You can mimic what you can see.
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Du kan efterligne, det du ser.
00:20
You can program the hundreds of muscles in your arm.
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Du kan programmere de hundredvis af muskler i din arm.
00:23
Soon, you'll be able to look inside your brain and program,
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Snart vil du kunne se ind i din hjerne og programmere,
00:28
control the hundreds of brain areas that you see there.
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kontrollere de hundredvis af hjerneområder du kan se der.
00:30
I'm going to tell you about that technology.
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Jeg vil fortælle jer om den teknologi.
00:33
People have wanted to look inside the human mind,
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Mennesket har ønsket at se ind i det menneskelige sind,
00:34
the human brain, for thousands of years.
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den menneskelige hjerne, i tusinder af år.
00:37
Well, coming out of the research labs just now, for our generation, is the possibility to do that.
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Ud af forskningslaboratorierne kommer netop nu denne mulighed til vores generation.
00:42
People envision this as being very difficult.
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Folk forestiller sig, at det er meget svært.
00:44
You had to take a spaceship, shrink it down, inject it into the bloodstream.
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Du blev nødt til at tage rumskib, krympe det og sprøjte det ind i blodet.
00:48
It was terribly dangerous. (Laughter)
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Det var frygtelig farligt.
00:50
You could be attacked by white blood cells in the arteries.
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Du kunne blive angrebet af hvide blodceller i arterierne.
00:53
But now, we have a real technology to do this.
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Men nu har vi en virkelig teknologi til at gøre det.
00:57
We're going to fly into my colleague Peter's brain.
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Vi vil tage en flyvetur i min kollega Peters hjerne.
00:59
We're going to do it non-invasively using MRI.
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Vi gør det gennem "non-invasive" MRI.
01:02
We don't have to inject anything. We don't need radiation.
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Vi behøver ikke sprøjte noget ind. Vi behøver ikke stråling.
01:06
We will be able to fly into the anatomy of Peter's brain -- literally, fly into his body --
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Vi kan flyve ind i Peters hjernes anatomi - bogstavelig talt ind i hans krop -
01:11
but more importantly, we can look into his mind.
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men hvad vigtigere er, vi kan se ind i hans sind.
01:13
When Peter moves his arm, that yellow spot you see there
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Når Peter bevæger sin arm, er den gule plet man kan se
01:16
is the interface to the functioning of Peter's mind taking place.
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grænsefladen til hvordan Peters sind virker, mens det sker.
01:20
Now you've seen before that with electrodes you can control robotic arms,
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I har før set, hvordan man med elektroder kan styre robotarme,
01:23
that brain imaging and scanners can show you the insides of brains.
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og at hjerne scannere kan vise, hvordan hjernen ser ud indvendigt.
01:27
What's new is that that process has typically taken days or months of analysis.
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Det nye er, at denne proces typisk har krævet dages eller måneders analyse.
01:32
We've collapsed that through technology to milliseconds,
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Gennem teknologi har vi presset det sammen til milisekunder,
01:35
and that allows us to let Peter to look at his brain in real time as he's inside the scanner.
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og det giver Peter mulighed for at se sin hjerne i real tid, mens han er inde i scanneren.
01:39
He can look at these 65,000 points of activation per second.
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Han kan se disse 65.000 aktivitetspunkter per sekund.
01:44
If he can see this pattern in his own brain, he can learn how to control it.
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Hvis han kan se dette mønster i sin egen hjerne, kan han lære at styre det.
01:48
There have been three ways to try to impact the brain:
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Der har været tre måder at prøve at påvirke hjernen på:
01:51
the therapist's couch, pills and the knife.
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Terapeutens briks, piller og kniven.
01:55
This is a fourth alternative that you are soon going to have.
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Nu vil du snart have adgang til et fjerde alternativ.
01:59
We all know that as we form thoughts, they form deep channels in our minds and in our brains.
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Vi ved alle, at vore tanker laver dybe kanaler i vore sind og vore hjerner.
02:04
Chronic pain is an example. If you burn yourself, you pull your hand away.
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Kronisk smerte er et eksempel. Brænder du dig, trækker du hånden til dig.
02:08
But if you're still in pain in six months' or six years' time,
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Men hvis du stadig har smerter efter seks måneder eller seks år,
02:12
it's because these circuits are producing pain that's no longer helping you.
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er det fordi, de kredsløb der producerer smerten ikke længere hjælper dig.
02:16
If we can look at the activation in the brain that's producing the pain,
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Hvis vi kan se aktiviteten i den hjerne, der producerer smerten,
02:19
we can form 3D models and watch in real time the brain process information,
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kan vi lave 3D modeller og se hjernen behandle information i real tid,
02:24
and then we can select the areas that produce the pain.
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og så kan vi udvælge de områder, der producerer smerten.
02:27
So put your arms back up and flex your bicep.
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Så løft armen op igen og spænd i biceps.
02:30
Now imagine that you will soon be able to look inside your brain
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Forestil dig så, at du snart vil være i stand til at se ind i hjernen
02:34
and select brain areas to do that same thing.
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og vælge hjerneområder til at gøre den samme ting.
02:36
What you're seeing here is, we've selected the pathways in the brain of a chronic pain patient.
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Man ser her, hvordan vi har valgt netværkene i en kronisk smertepatients hjerne.
02:40
This may shock you, but we're literally reading this person's brain in real time.
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Det vil måske chokere jer, men vi læser bogstaveligt talt personens hjerne i real tid.
02:44
They're watching their own brain activation,
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De ser på deres egen hjerneaktivitet,
02:46
and they're controlling the pathway that produces their pain.
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og de kontrollerer det netværk som producerer smerten.
02:50
They're learning to flex this system that releases their own endogenous opiates.
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De lærer at træne det system, som frigiver deres egne smertestillende stoffer.
02:54
As they do it, in the upper left is a display
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Mens de gør det, er der øverst til venstre et display
02:57
that's yoked to their brain activation of their own pain being controlled.
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der er forbundet til deres hjerneaktivitet, som den ser ud, når smerten kontrolleres.
03:01
When they control their brain, they can control their pain.
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Når de kontrollerer deres hjerne, kontrollerer de deres smerte.
03:05
This is an investigational technology,
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Teknologien er stadig på forsøgsstadiet,
03:07
but, in clinical trials, we're seeing a 44 to 64 percent decrease in chronic pain patients.
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men i kliniske forsøg har vi set en reducering på 44 til 64 procent for kroniske smertepatienter.
03:12
This is not "The Matrix." You can only do this to yourself. You take control.
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Dette er ikke "The Matrix". Du kan kun gøre det på dig selv. Du tager styringen.
03:17
I've seen inside my brain. You will too, soon.
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Jeg har set ind i min hjerne. Det vil du også snart.
03:21
When you do, what do you want to control?
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Når du gør, hvad ønsker du så at kontrollere?
03:24
You will be able to look at all the aspects that make you yourself, all your experiences.
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Du vil kunne se på alle de aspekter, som gør dig til dig, alle dine erfaringer.
03:29
These are some of the areas we're working on today that I don't have time to go into in detail.
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Dette er nogle af de områder vi arbejder på i dag, som jeg ikke tid til at forklare i detaljer.
03:34
But I want to leave with you the big question.
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Men jeg vil gerne slutte af med et stort spørgsmål:
03:37
We are the first generation that's going to be able to enter into,
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Vi er den første generation, som får muligheden for at komme ind i -
03:40
using this technology, the human mind and brain.
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gennem denne teknologi - menneskets sind og hjerne.
03:43
Where will we take it?
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Hvad vælger vi at gøre med det?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher deCharms - Brain researcherChristopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time.
Why you should listen
Neuroscientist Christopher deCharms is helping to develop a new kind of MRI that allows doctor and patient to look inside the brain in real time -- to see visual representations of brain processes as they happen. With his company Omneuron, deCharms has developed technology they call rtfMRI, for "real-time functional MRI" -- which is exactly what it sounds like. You move your arm, your brain lights up. You feel pain, your brain lights up.
How could we use the ability to see our brains in action? For a start, to help treat chronic pain with a kind of biofeedback; being able to visualize pain can help patients control it. And longer-term uses boggle the mind. Ours is the first generation, he believes, to be able to train and build our minds as systematically as a weightlifter builds a muscle. What will we do with this?
deCharms is also the author of the book Two Views of Mind, studying Buddhist theories of perception from a neuroscientist's perspective.
Christopher deCharms | Speaker | TED.com