TED2008
Christopher deCharms: A look inside the brain in real time
Christopher deCharms skenira mozak u stvarnom vremenu
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
1,923,937 views
Neuroznanstvenik i izumitelj Christopher deCharms pokazuje novi način uporabe fMRI da pokaže aktivnost mozga - misli, emocije, bol - dok se to događa. Drugim riječima, možete vidjeti kako osjećate.
Christopher deCharms - Brain researcher
Christopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time. Full bio
Christopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Hi. I'm going to ask you to raise your arms and wave back,
0
0
3000
Bok. Zamolit ću vas da podignete ruke i mašete,
00:15
just the way I am -- kind of a royal wave.
1
3000
3000
ovako kao ja – kraljevski.
00:18
You can mimic what you can see.
2
6000
2000
Možete oponašati ono što vidite.
00:20
You can program the hundreds of muscles in your arm.
3
8000
3000
Možete programirati stotine mišića u svojoj ruci.
00:23
Soon, you'll be able to look inside your brain and program,
4
11000
4000
A ubrzo, moći ćete pogledati u svoj mozak i programirati,
00:28
control the hundreds of brain areas that you see there.
5
16000
2000
kontrolirati stotine moždanih regija koje tamo vidite.
00:30
I'm going to tell you about that technology.
6
18000
3000
Pričat ću vam o toj tehnologiji.
00:33
People have wanted to look inside the human mind,
7
21000
1000
Ljudi su u ljudski um i ljudski mozak
00:34
the human brain, for thousands of years.
8
22000
3000
htjeli pogledati već tisućama godina.
00:37
Well, coming out of the research labs just now, for our generation, is the possibility to do that.
9
25000
5000
Iz istraživačkih laboratorija našoj generaciji upravo stiže mogućnost to učiniti.
00:42
People envision this as being very difficult.
10
30000
2000
Ljudi misle da je to jako teško.
00:44
You had to take a spaceship, shrink it down, inject it into the bloodstream.
11
32000
4000
Morali ste uzeti svemirski brod, smanjiti ga i ubrizgati ga u krvotok.
00:48
It was terribly dangerous. (Laughter)
12
36000
2000
Bilo je strašno opasno.
00:50
You could be attacked by white blood cells in the arteries.
13
38000
3000
Mogle su vas napasti bijele krvne stanice u arterijama.
00:53
But now, we have a real technology to do this.
14
41000
4000
Ali sada imamo pravu tehnologiju za to.
00:57
We're going to fly into my colleague Peter's brain.
15
45000
2000
Uletjet ćemo u mozak mog kolege Petera.
00:59
We're going to do it non-invasively using MRI.
16
47000
3000
Učinit ćemo to neinvazivno koristeći MRI.
01:02
We don't have to inject anything. We don't need radiation.
17
50000
4000
Ne moramo ništa ubrizgati. Ne treba nam radijacija.
01:06
We will be able to fly into the anatomy of Peter's brain -- literally, fly into his body --
18
54000
5000
Moći ćemo uletjeti u anatomiju Peterovog mozga – doslovno uletjeti u njegovo tijelo –
01:11
but more importantly, we can look into his mind.
19
59000
2000
ali još važnije, možemo pogledati unutar njegovog uma.
01:13
When Peter moves his arm, that yellow spot you see there
20
61000
3000
Kada Peter pomakne svoju ruku, ova žuta točka je mjesto
01:16
is the interface to the functioning of Peter's mind taking place.
21
64000
4000
gdje Peterov um obavlja tu funkciju.
01:20
Now you've seen before that with electrodes you can control robotic arms,
22
68000
3000
Već ste vidjeli da se uz pomoć elektroda mogu kontrolirati robotske ruke,
01:23
that brain imaging and scanners can show you the insides of brains.
23
71000
4000
da snimanje i skeniranje mozga može pokazati unutrašnjost mozga.
01:27
What's new is that that process has typically taken days or months of analysis.
24
75000
5000
Za taj posao su trebali dani ili mjeseci analize.
01:32
We've collapsed that through technology to milliseconds,
25
80000
3000
Nova tehnologija smanjuje to vrijeme na milisekunde.
01:35
and that allows us to let Peter to look at his brain in real time as he's inside the scanner.
26
83000
4000
To omogućuje Peteru da gleda svoj mozak u stvarnom vremenu dok je u procesu skeniranja.
01:39
He can look at these 65,000 points of activation per second.
27
87000
5000
Može gledati u ovih 65,000 pobuđenih točaka u sekundi.
01:44
If he can see this pattern in his own brain, he can learn how to control it.
28
92000
4000
Ako može vidjeti taj uzorak u svom mozgu, može naučiti kontrolirati ga.
01:48
There have been three ways to try to impact the brain:
29
96000
3000
Do sada se na mozak moglo utjecati na tri načina:
01:51
the therapist's couch, pills and the knife.
30
99000
3000
psihijatrijski kauč, lijekovi i nož.
01:55
This is a fourth alternative that you are soon going to have.
31
103000
4000
Ovo je četvrta mogućnost koju ćete uskoro imati.
01:59
We all know that as we form thoughts, they form deep channels in our minds and in our brains.
32
107000
5000
Znamo da oblikovanjem misli one oblikuju dubinske kanale u našem umu i mozgu.
02:04
Chronic pain is an example. If you burn yourself, you pull your hand away.
33
112000
4000
Primjerice, kronična bol. Ako se opečete, odmah odmičete ruku.
02:08
But if you're still in pain in six months' or six years' time,
34
116000
4000
Ali ako ste u bolovima sljedećih šest mjeseci ili šest godina,
02:12
it's because these circuits are producing pain that's no longer helping you.
35
120000
4000
to je iz razloga što ti spojevi stvaraju bol koja vam više ne pomaže.
02:16
If we can look at the activation in the brain that's producing the pain,
36
124000
3000
Ako možemo vidjeti aktivnost u mozgu koja stvara bol,
02:19
we can form 3D models and watch in real time the brain process information,
37
127000
5000
možemo oblikovati 3D modele i promatrati u stvarnom vremenu kako mozak obrađuje informaciju.
02:24
and then we can select the areas that produce the pain.
38
132000
3000
Onda možemo prepoznati područja koja stvaraju bol.
02:27
So put your arms back up and flex your bicep.
39
135000
3000
Podignite sad ruku gore i stegnite biceps.
02:30
Now imagine that you will soon be able to look inside your brain
40
138000
4000
Zamislite da ćete uskoro moći gledati u svoj mozak
02:34
and select brain areas to do that same thing.
41
142000
2000
i odabrati područja mozga koja će napraviti tu istu stvar.
02:36
What you're seeing here is, we've selected the pathways in the brain of a chronic pain patient.
42
144000
4000
Ovdje vidite moždane putove u mozgu pacijenta s kroničnom boli.
02:40
This may shock you, but we're literally reading this person's brain in real time.
43
148000
4000
Možda će vas šokirati, ali doslovno čitamo mozak te osobe u stvarnom vremenu.
02:44
They're watching their own brain activation,
44
152000
2000
Oni gledaju svoju osobnu moždanu aktivnost
02:46
and they're controlling the pathway that produces their pain.
45
154000
4000
te kontroliraju putove koji stvaraju njihovu bol.
02:50
They're learning to flex this system that releases their own endogenous opiates.
46
158000
4000
Uče kako poticati sustav koji otpušta njihove vlastite, endogene opijate.
02:54
As they do it, in the upper left is a display
47
162000
3000
Dok to rade, gore lijevo se prikazuje
02:57
that's yoked to their brain activation of their own pain being controlled.
48
165000
4000
njihova moždana aktivnost i kontrole njihove boli.
03:01
When they control their brain, they can control their pain.
49
169000
4000
Dok kontroliraju svoj mozak, mogu kontrolirati svoju bol.
03:05
This is an investigational technology,
50
173000
2000
Ovo je tehnologija koja se istražuje,
03:07
but, in clinical trials, we're seeing a 44 to 64 percent decrease in chronic pain patients.
51
175000
5000
ali u kliničkim pokusima smo primjetili 44 do 64 posto smanjenja kronične boli pacijenata.
03:12
This is not "The Matrix." You can only do this to yourself. You take control.
52
180000
5000
Ovo nije «Matrix». Možete to učiniti samo na sebi. Vi preuzimate kontrolu.
03:17
I've seen inside my brain. You will too, soon.
53
185000
4000
Gledao sam unutar svog mozga. I vi ćete, uskoro.
03:21
When you do, what do you want to control?
54
189000
3000
Kada uđete unutra, što želite kontrolirati?
03:24
You will be able to look at all the aspects that make you yourself, all your experiences.
55
192000
5000
Moći ćete pogledati sve strane koje čine vašu osobnost, sva vaša iskustva.
03:29
These are some of the areas we're working on today that I don't have time to go into in detail.
56
197000
5000
Ovo su neka područja na kojima danas radimo, no nemamo sada vremena ulaziti u detalje.
03:34
But I want to leave with you the big question.
57
202000
3000
Ali želim vam ostaviti veliko pitanje.
03:37
We are the first generation that's going to be able to enter into,
58
205000
3000
Mi smo prva generacija koja će moći ući unutar uma
03:40
using this technology, the human mind and brain.
59
208000
3000
i mozga koristeći tehnologiju.
03:43
Where will we take it?
60
211000
2000
Kako ćemo to upotrijebiti?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher deCharms - Brain researcherChristopher deCharms is working on a way to use fMRI scans to show brain activity -- in real time.
Why you should listen
Neuroscientist Christopher deCharms is helping to develop a new kind of MRI that allows doctor and patient to look inside the brain in real time -- to see visual representations of brain processes as they happen. With his company Omneuron, deCharms has developed technology they call rtfMRI, for "real-time functional MRI" -- which is exactly what it sounds like. You move your arm, your brain lights up. You feel pain, your brain lights up.
How could we use the ability to see our brains in action? For a start, to help treat chronic pain with a kind of biofeedback; being able to visualize pain can help patients control it. And longer-term uses boggle the mind. Ours is the first generation, he believes, to be able to train and build our minds as systematically as a weightlifter builds a muscle. What will we do with this?
deCharms is also the author of the book Two Views of Mind, studying Buddhist theories of perception from a neuroscientist's perspective.
Christopher deCharms | Speaker | TED.com