ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
TED2002

Chris Anderson: TED's nonprofit transition

Filmed:
369,396 views

Chris Anderson gave this talk in 2002, prior to taking over leadership of TED. Co-founder Richard Saul Wurman was leaving, and TED's future was in the balance. He seeks to persuade TEDsters that what was then a for-profit conference had a secure future as an idea-based nonprofit endeavor.
- TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
This is your conference,
0
1000
2000
00:15
and I think you have a right to know a little bit right now, in this transition period,
1
3000
6000
00:21
about this guy who's going to be looking after it for you for a bit.
2
9000
3000
00:24
So, I'm just going to grab a chair here.
3
12000
2000
00:35
Two years ago at TED, I think --
4
23000
7000
00:42
I've come to this conclusion --
5
30000
2000
00:44
I think I may have been suffering from a strange delusion.
6
32000
3000
00:47
I think that I may have believed unconsciously,
7
35000
6000
00:53
then, that I was kind of a business hero.
8
41000
6000
00:59
I had this company that I'd spent 15 years building. It's called Future;
9
47000
6000
01:05
it was a magazine publishing company.
10
53000
2000
01:07
It had recently gone public
11
55000
2000
01:09
and the market said that it was apparently worth two billion dollars,
12
57000
4000
01:13
a number I didn't really understand.
13
61000
2000
01:15
A magazine I'd recently launched called Business 2.0
14
63000
6000
01:21
was fatter than a telephone directory,
15
69000
2000
01:23
busy pumping hot air into the bubble.
16
71000
3000
01:26
(Laughter)
17
74000
2000
01:28
And I was the 40 percent owner of a dotcom
18
76000
6000
01:34
that was about to go public and no doubt be worth billions more.
19
82000
3000
01:37
And all this had come from nothing.
20
85000
3000
01:40
Fifteen years earlier, I was a science journalist who people just laughed at
21
88000
5000
01:45
when I said, "I really would like to start my own computer magazine."
22
93000
5000
01:50
And 15 years later, there are 100 of them
23
98000
4000
01:54
and 2,000 people on staff and it was just such heady times.
24
102000
6000
02:00
The date was February 2000.
25
108000
3000
02:03
I thought the little graph of my business life
26
111000
3000
02:06
that kind of looked a bit like Moore's Law --
27
114000
2000
02:08
ever upward and to the right -- it was going to go on forever.
28
116000
2000
02:10
I mean, it had to. Right? I was in for quite a surprise.
29
118000
6000
02:19
The dotcom, ironically called Snowball,
30
127000
3000
02:22
was the very last consumer web company to go public
31
130000
3000
02:25
the next month before NASDAQ exploded, and I entered 18 months of business hell.
32
133000
11000
02:36
I watched everything that I'd built crumbling,
33
144000
6000
02:42
and it looked like all this stuff was going to die
34
150000
2000
02:44
and 15 years work would have come for nothing.
35
152000
3000
02:47
And it was gut wrenching.
36
155000
2000
02:49
It took eight years of blood, sweat and tears to reach 350 employees,
37
157000
7000
02:56
something which I was very proud of in the business.
38
164000
3000
02:59
February 2001 -- in one day we laid off 350 people,
39
167000
4000
03:04
and before the bloodshed was finished, 1,000 people had lost their jobs
40
172000
4000
03:08
from my companies. I felt sick.
41
176000
4000
03:12
I watched my own net worth falling
42
180000
6000
03:18
by about a million dollars a day, every day, for 18 months.
43
186000
5000
03:25
And worse than that, far worse than that,
44
193000
2000
03:27
my sense of self-worth was kind of evaporating.
45
195000
3000
03:31
I was going around with this big sign on my forehead: "LOSER."
46
199000
5000
03:36
(Laughter)
47
204000
1000
03:37
And I think what disgusts me more than anything, looking back,
48
205000
4000
03:41
is how the hell did I let my personal happiness
49
209000
4000
03:45
get so tied up with this business thing?
50
213000
3000
03:50
Well, in the end, we were able to save Future and Snowball,
51
218000
5000
03:56
but I was, at that point, ready to move on.
52
224000
3000
03:59
And to cut a long story short, here's where I came to.
53
227000
4000
04:03
And the reason I'm telling this story is that I believe, from many conversations,
54
231000
6000
04:09
that a lot of people in this room have been through a similar kind of rollercoaster --
55
237000
5000
04:14
emotional rollercoaster -- in the last couple years.
56
242000
2000
04:17
This has been a big, big transition time,
57
245000
3000
04:20
and I believe that this conference can play a big part for all of us
58
248000
7000
04:27
in taking us forward to the next stage to whatever's next.
59
255000
3000
04:30
The theme next year is re-birth.
60
258000
3000
04:33
It was at the same TED two years ago
61
261000
4000
04:37
when Richard and I reached an agreement on the future of TED.
62
265000
4000
04:41
And at about the same time, and I think partly because of that,
63
269000
4000
04:45
I started doing something that I'd forgotten about in my business focus:
64
273000
5000
04:50
I started to read again.
65
278000
3000
04:53
And I discovered that while I'd been busy playing business games,
66
281000
5000
04:58
there'd been this incredible revolution in so many areas of interest:
67
286000
5000
05:03
cosmology to psychology to evolutionary psychology to anthropology
68
291000
6000
05:09
to ... all this stuff had changed.
69
297000
2000
05:11
And the way in which you could think about us as a species
70
299000
5000
05:16
and us as a planet had just changed so much, and it was incredibly exciting.
71
304000
4000
05:20
And what was really most exciting --
72
308000
2000
05:22
and I think Richard Wurman discovered this at least 20 years before I did --
73
310000
5000
05:27
was that all this stuff is connected.
74
315000
4000
05:31
It's connected; it all hooks into each other.
75
319000
3000
05:34
We talk about this a lot,
76
322000
2000
05:36
and I thought about trying to give an example of this. So, just one example:
77
324000
3000
05:39
Madame de Gaulle, the wife of the French president,
78
327000
6000
05:46
was famously asked once, "What do you most desire?"
79
334000
3000
05:49
And she answered, "A penis."
80
337000
2000
05:53
And when you think about it, it's very true:
81
341000
3000
05:56
what we all most desire is a penis --
82
344000
3000
05:59
or "happiness" as we say in English.
83
347000
3000
06:02
(Laughter)
84
350000
9000
06:12
And something ... good luck with that one in the Japanese translation room.
85
360000
8000
06:20
(Laughter)
86
368000
2000
06:22
(Applause)
87
370000
3000
06:27
But something as basic as happiness,
88
375000
4000
06:31
which 20 years ago would have been just something for discussion
89
379000
3000
06:34
in the church or mosque or synagogue,
90
382000
3000
06:37
today it turns out that there's dozens of TED-like questions
91
385000
4000
06:41
that you can ask about it, which are really interesting.
92
389000
3000
06:44
You can ask about what causes it biochemically:
93
392000
2000
06:47
neuroscience, serotonin, all that stuff.
94
395000
2000
06:49
You can ask what are the psychological causes of it:
95
397000
4000
06:53
nature? Nurture? Current circumstance?
96
401000
3000
06:56
Turns out that the research done on that is absolutely mind-blowing.
97
404000
3000
06:59
You can view it as a computing problem, an artificial intelligence problem:
98
407000
5000
07:04
do you need to incorporate
99
412000
2000
07:06
some sort of analog of happiness into a computer brain to make it work properly?
100
414000
5000
07:11
You can view it in sort of geopolitical terms
101
419000
4000
07:15
and say, why is it that a billion people on this planet
102
423000
4000
07:19
are so desperately needy that they have no possibility of happiness,
103
427000
6000
07:25
and whereas almost all the rest of them,
104
433000
2000
07:27
regardless of how much money they have -- whether it's two dollars a day or whatever --
105
435000
4000
07:31
are almost equally happy on average?
106
439000
3000
07:36
Or you can view it as an evolutionary psychology kind of thing:
107
444000
5000
07:41
did our genes invent this as a kind of trick
108
449000
4000
07:45
to get us to behave in certain ways? The ant's brain, parasitized,
109
453000
4000
07:49
to make us behave in certain ways so that our genes would propagate?
110
457000
3000
07:52
Are we the victims of a mass delusion?
111
460000
2000
07:54
And so on, and so on.
112
462000
2000
07:56
To understand even something as important to us as happiness,
113
464000
4000
08:00
you kind of have to branch off in all these different directions,
114
468000
3000
08:03
and there's nowhere that I've discovered -- other than TED --
115
471000
6000
08:09
where you can ask that many questions in that many different directions.
116
477000
5000
08:14
And so, it's the profound thing that Richard talks about:
117
482000
3000
08:17
to understand anything, you just need to understand the little bits;
118
485000
4000
08:21
a little bit about everything that surrounds it.
119
489000
2000
08:23
And so, gradually over these three days,
120
491000
2000
08:25
you start off kind of trying to figure out,
121
493000
2000
08:27
"Why am I listening to all this irrelevant stuff?"
122
495000
3000
08:30
And at the end of the four days,
123
498000
2000
08:32
your brain is humming and you feel energized, alive and excited,
124
500000
5000
08:37
and it's because all these different bits have been put together.
125
505000
3000
08:40
It's the total brain experience, we're going to ...
126
508000
2000
08:42
it's the mental equivalent of the full body massage.
127
510000
2000
08:44
(Laughter)
128
512000
1000
08:45
Every mental organ addressed. It really is.
129
513000
5000
08:50
Enough of the theory, Chris. Tell us what you're actually going to do, all right?
130
518000
4000
08:54
So, I will. Here's the vision for TED.
131
522000
3000
08:57
Number one: do nothing. This thing ain't broke, so I ain't gonna fix it.
132
525000
7000
09:05
Jeff Bezos kindly remarked to me,
133
533000
3000
09:08
"Chris, TED is a really great conference.
134
536000
3000
09:11
You're going to have to fuck up really badly to make it bad."
135
539000
3000
09:14
(Laughter)
136
542000
2000
09:18
So, I gave myself the job title of TED Custodian for a reason,
137
546000
9000
09:27
and I will promise you right here and now
138
555000
2000
09:29
that the core values that make TED special are not going to be interfered with.
139
557000
4000
09:33
Truth, curiosity, diversity, no selling, no corporate bullshit,
140
561000
9000
09:44
no bandwagoning, no platforms.
141
572000
3000
09:49
Just the pursuit of interest, wherever it lies,
142
577000
5000
09:54
across all the disciplines that are represented here.
143
582000
1000
09:55
That's not going to be changed at all.
144
583000
2000
10:01
Number two: I am going to put together
145
589000
2000
10:03
an incredible line up of speakers for next year.
146
591000
3000
10:06
The time scale on which TED operates is just fantastic
147
594000
3000
10:09
after coming out of a magazine business with monthly deadlines.
148
597000
4000
10:13
There's a year to do this, and already --
149
601000
2000
10:15
I hope to show you a bit later --
150
603000
2000
10:17
there's 25 or so terrific speakers signed up for next year.
151
605000
5000
10:22
And I'm getting fantastic help from the community;
152
610000
3000
10:25
this is just such a great community. And combined, our contacts
153
613000
3000
10:28
reach pretty much everyone who's interesting in the country, if not the planet.
154
616000
6000
10:34
It's true.
155
622000
2000
10:36
Number three: I do want to, if I can, find a way
156
624000
7000
10:43
of extending the TED experience throughout the year a little bit.
157
631000
3000
10:46
And one key way that we're going to do this is to introduce this book club.
158
634000
5000
10:51
Books kind of saved me in the last couple years,
159
639000
6000
10:57
and that's a gift that I would like to pass on.
160
645000
3000
11:00
So, when you sign up for TED2003, every six weeks you'll get a care package
161
648000
5000
11:05
with a book or two and a reason why they're linked to TED.
162
653000
3000
11:08
They may well be by a TED speaker,
163
656000
2000
11:10
and so we can get the conversation going during the year
164
658000
3000
11:13
and come back next year having had the same intellectual, emotional journey.
165
661000
6000
11:19
I think it will be great.
166
667000
2000
11:22
And then, fourthly: I want to mention the Sapling Foundation,
167
670000
4000
11:26
which is the new owner of TED.
168
674000
2000
11:29
What Sapling's ownership means is that all of the proceeds of TED
169
677000
2000
11:31
will go towards the causes that Sapling stands for.
170
679000
6000
11:38
And more important, I think, the ideas that are exhibited and realized here
171
686000
8000
11:46
are ideas that the foundation can use, because there's fantastic synergy.
172
694000
5000
11:51
Already, just in the last few days,
173
699000
2000
11:53
we've had so many people talking about stuff that they care about,
174
701000
3000
11:56
that they're passionate about, that can make a difference in the world,
175
704000
2000
11:58
and the idea of getting this group of people together --
176
706000
4000
12:02
some of the causes that we believe in,
177
710000
2000
12:04
the money that this conference can raise and the ideas --
178
712000
3000
12:07
I really believe that that combination will, over time, make a difference.
179
715000
5000
12:12
I'm incredibly excited about that.
180
720000
1000
12:14
In fact, I don't think, overall, that I've been as excited by anything ever in my life.
181
722000
8000
12:22
I'm in this for the long run,
182
730000
2000
12:25
and I would be greatly honored and excited
183
733000
4000
12:29
if you'll come on this journey with me.
184
737000
2000

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com