Isabel Wilkerson: The Great Migration and the power of a single decision
Isabel Wilkerson: La Gran Migración y el poder de una sola decisión
The author of "The Warmth of Other Suns," the story of the Great Migration, Isabel Wilkerson is a Pulitzer-winning journalist who uses narrative history to bring to light our shared humanity. Full bio
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in nearly all of our families.
en casi todas las familias.
en la que una persona joven,
nuestro árbol genealógico,
que le partió el corazón.
that they had known.
todo lo que conocía.
a young person's endeavor.
el esfuerzo de una persona joven.
when you're on the cusp of life.
estando en la cúspide de la vida.
somewhere in our background.
en alguna parte de nuestra historia.
or the Pacific Ocean.
Atlántico o el Pacífico.
that will cross rivers and mountains
que atravesará ríos y montañas
will be freedom in the North.
sea la libertad en el norte.
their grandparents,
who had gotten them to this point.
a llegar a ese momento.
to make the crossing with them.
of the people who had raised them,
telephone service.
de larga distancia confiable.
did not even have telephones.
ni siquiera tenían teléfono.
about the people who had raised them
"Your father has passed away."
"Tu padre falleció".
if you are to see her alive again."
si quieres volver a verla viva".
in nearly all of our families
en casi todas nuestras familias
that changed the course of families
que nos cambió el rumbo de la vida
that we may not realize.
que no nos demos cuenta.
of six million African Americans
de seis millones de afroestadounidenses
until the 1970s.
hasta la década de 1970.
was the first time in American history
en la historia estadounidense
had to flee the land of their birth
tuvieron que escaparse de su tierra natal
that they had always been.
como los ciudadanos que eran.
no fue un cambio,
of political asylum
known as Jim Crow.
de castas llamado Jim Crow.
that you could and could not do
that it was actually against the law
que en realidad estaba prohibido
together in Birmingham.
with a person of a different race.
con una persona de otro color.
a black person and a white person
a una persona blanca y una negra
in some town square.
en el centro de algún pueblo.
la persona equivocada
and this white person playing checkers,
jugaban a las damas,
of Southern civilization was in peril.
la civilización sureña estaban en peligro.
taking the time
there was actually a black Bible
hasta había una biblia negra
se había segregado
del régimen Jim Crow del sur.
by hands of different races.
por manos de distintas razas.
human desires to be free,
humanos de ser libre,
of violence to maintain.
somewhere in the American South,
en algún lugar del sur estadounidense,
an African American was lynched
cada 4 días,
in this caste system
de ese sistema de castas
to the start of the Great Migration.
al comienzo de la Gran Migración.
for many, many reasons.
por muchas, muchas razones.
the economic order of the South,
el orden económico del sur,
a supply of cheap labor
un suministro de mano de obra barata
to work at the will of the land.
para trabajar a voluntad la tierra.
when the North had a labor problem.
al faltar mano de obra en el norte.
on cheap labor from Europe --
de mano de obra barata de Europa,
and the steel mills.
fundiciones y acerías.
came to a virtual halt.
llegó a un punto muerto
and find the cheapest labor in the land
la mano de obra más barata del país
in the South,
for their hard work.
recibían paga por su duro trabajo.
that they were farming.
en la tierra que cultivaban.
and not even being paid.
se les pagaba.
para ser reclutados.
to this poaching of its cheap labor.
la mano de obra tan barata.
to keep the people from leaving.
para evitar que la gente se fuera.
from the railroad platforms.
en los andenes de los ferrocarriles.
American citizens.
ciudadanos estadounidenses libres.
from their train seats.
people to arrest,
to get to freedom
de obtener la libertad
How now will we get out?
¿Cómo voy a lograr escaparme?
out of the South,
beautifully predictable streams
maravillosamente predecibles
throughout human history.
a lo largo de la historia humana.
there were three streams.
hubo tres corrientes migratorias.
the Carolinas and Virginia
las Carolinas y Virginia
and on up the East coast.
y hasta la costa este.
from Mississippi, Alabama,
desde Mississippi, Alabama
to Cleveland and the entire Midwest.
y todo el medio oeste.
from Louisiana and Texas
wanted to get away,
within the borders of the United States
dentro de la frontera de EE.UU.
were living in the South.
vivían en el sur.
this Great Migration was over,
all over the rest of the country.
en el resto del país.
nearly a complete redistribution
casi una redistribución completa
in American history
en la historia estadounidense
and were willing to take them.
y estaba dispuesta a tomarlas.
in the three centuries
had been on that soil at that time.
habían estado en ese suelo.
in 12 generations of enslavement
en 12 generaciones de esclavitud
nearly a century of Jim Crow.
del régimen Jim Crow.
to the word "grandparent"
enslavement lasted in the United States?
duró la esclavitud en EE.UU.?
was the first time in American history
la primera vez en la historia estadounidense
to choose for themselves
with their God-given talents
what they and their children
lo que ellos y sus hijos
and even great-grandchildren
to choose for themselves
with their God-given talents.
que les había dado Dios.
a Toni Morrison as we now know her to be.
tal como la conocemos ahora.
and from Georgia.
would get to do something
at this point,
and against protocol for African Americans
al protocolo de los afroestadounidenses
growing up in the South,
a una biblioteca solamente
the single decision to leave,
esa sola decisión de irse,
would get access to books.
el derecho de acceder a esos libros.
a Nobel laureate,
en un Premio Nobel,
un libro de vez en cuando.
by the Great Migration.
fue remodelada por la Gran Migración.
they brought with them,
la llevaron con ellos,
the ancestors --
a sus ancestros,
and the gospel music
y la música góspel
through the generations.
into whole new genres of music.
en nuevos géneros musicales.
"Motown" would not have existed.
no habría existido "Motown".
his parents were from Georgia.
eran de Georgia.
he decided he wanted to go into music.
decidió dedicarse a la música.
to go all over the country
of the Great Migration
with them during the journey.
con ellos durante su viaje.
were these three girls,
had there been no Great Migration.
a Diana Ross sin una Gran Migración.
and a lot of human beings in general,
y muchos seres humanos en general,
because her parents might not have met.
si sus padres no se hubieran conocido.
la tuvieron a ella y sus hermanos,
of the Great Migration.
de la Gran Migración.
of the Great Migration.
de la Gran Migración.
who was born in Louisiana
nacido en Luisiana
Central Railroad to Chicago,
Central de Illinois hasta Chicago
to build on the talent
para desarrollar el talento
to build on the talents
de desarrollar los talentos
in the cotton country of Arkansas.
en Arkansas, la zona del algodón.
he got his first alto sax.
su primer saxofón alto.
who cannot imagine a world
que no pueden imaginar un mundo
having gotten a hold of a saxophone.
haber conseguido un saxofón.
of the millions of people
los millones de personas
of the single decision to migrate.
una sola decisión de emigrar
resistance in the North.
resistencia en el norte.
all social injustice.
a todas las injusticias sociales.
of the civil rights movement.
del movimiento de derechos civiles.
that they had been forced to flee.
fueron forzados a escapar.
absolutamente nada
of the United States,
de EE.UU.
Proclamation could not do.
Emancipación no había podido.
con poder no pudieron,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Isabel Wilkerson - Journalist, authorThe author of "The Warmth of Other Suns," the story of the Great Migration, Isabel Wilkerson is a Pulitzer-winning journalist who uses narrative history to bring to light our shared humanity.
Why you should listen
Pulitzer Prize winner Isabel Wilkerson devoted 15 years to the research and writing of The Warmth of Other Suns. She interviewed more than 1,200 people, unearthed archival works and gathered the voices of the famous and the unknown to tell the epic story of the Great Migration, one of the biggest underreported stories of the 20th century and one of the largest migrations in American history.
The book was named to more than 30 Best of the Year lists, won the National Book Critics Circle Award, among other honors, and made national news when President Obama chose it for summer reading in 2011. In 2012, the New York Times named The Warmth of Other Suns to its list of the best nonfiction books of all time.
Wilkerson won the Pulitzer Prize for her work as Chicago Bureau Chief of the New York Times, making her the first black woman in the history of American journalism to win a Pulitzer and the first African-American to win for individual reporting.
Isabel Wilkerson | Speaker | TED.com