Isabel Wilkerson: The Great Migration and the power of a single decision
Изабель Уилкерсон: Великая Миграция и сила одного решения
The author of "The Warmth of Other Suns," the story of the Great Migration, Isabel Wilkerson is a Pulitzer-winning journalist who uses narrative history to bring to light our shared humanity. Full bio
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in nearly all of our families.
каждой из наших семей.
душераздирающее решение.
that they had known.
a young person's endeavor.
when you're on the cusp of life.
вступая во взрослую жизнь.
somewhere in our background.
or the Pacific Ocean.
that will cross rivers and mountains
чтобы, миновав за реки и горы,
will be freedom in the North.
their grandparents,
who had gotten them to this point.
to make the crossing with them.
of the people who had raised them,
кто его вырастил,
telephone service.
телефонной связи.
did not even have telephones.
about the people who had raised them
о тех, кто их вырастил,
"Your father has passed away."
говорящая «Твой отец умер»
if you are to see her alive again."
если хочешь увидеть её живой».
in nearly all of our families
that changed the course of families
that we may not realize.
не можем себе представить.
of six million African Americans
миллионов афроамериканцев
системы Джима Кроу
until the 1970s.
was the first time in American history
потому что впервые в истории Америки
had to flee the land of their birth
покинуть места, где они родились,
that they had always been.
гражданами, кем они и были.
просто передвижением.
of political asylum
known as Jim Crow.
установленную законами Джима Кроу.
that you could and could not do
и не можешь делать,
that it was actually against the law
извращённой, что противозаконным стало,
together in Birmingham.
with a person of a different race.
с человеком другой расы.
a black person and a white person
играет в шашки с чернокожим
in some town square.
and this white person playing checkers,
of Southern civilization was in peril.
Южная цивилизация находится под угрозой.
taking the time
настолько извращённой,
there was actually a black Bible
судебных заседаний по всему Югу
под присягой.
by hands of different races.
святых предметов.
human desires to be free,
человека быть свободным,
of violence to maintain.
насильственных действий.
somewhere in the American South,
где-то на юге Америки
an African American was lynched
одного афроамериканца за то,
in this caste system
этой кастовой системы,
to the start of the Great Migration.
до начала Великой миграции.
for many, many reasons.
the economic order of the South,
экономического порядка на Юге.
a supply of cheap labor
поставлять дешёвую рабочую силу,
to work at the will of the land.
чтобы обеспечить нужды.
when the North had a labor problem.
недостаток рабочей силы на Севере.
on cheap labor from Europe --
and the steel mills.
в литейных и сталепрокатных цехах.
came to a virtual halt.
фактически прекратился,
на севере Америки.
and find the cheapest labor in the land
рабочую силу в границах страны,
in the South,
из южных регионов,
for their hard work.
абсолютно бесплатно.
that they were farming.
которую сами же и обрабатывали.
and not even being paid.
не получая при этом денег.
to this poaching of its cheap labor.
to keep the people from leaving.
чтобы не дать людям уехать.
from the railroad platforms.
на железнодорожных платформах.
American citizens.
свободные граждане Америки.
from their train seats.
people to arrest,
слишком много людей,
to get to freedom
How now will we get out?
как же теперь выбраться отсюда?
out of the South,
beautifully predictable streams
предопределённые дороги,
throughout human history.
в истории человечества.
there were three streams.
вдоль Восточного побережья
the Carolinas and Virginia
Южной Каролины и Вирджинии
and on up the East coast.
и дальше по Восточному побережью.
from Mississippi, Alabama,
to Cleveland and the entire Midwest.
и остальной Средний Запад.
по Западному побережью.
from Louisiana and Texas
действительно далеко,
wanted to get away,
очень очень далеко,
within the borders of the United States
Джима Кроу точку
were living in the South.
жили на юге страны.
this Great Migration was over,
all over the rest of the country.
расселилась по всей стране.
nearly a complete redistribution
перераспределение
in American history
в истории Америки,
and were willing to take them.
и что они хотят ими пользоваться.
in the three centuries
на протяжении трёхсот лет,
had been on that soil at that time.
на этой территории.
in 12 generations of enslavement
пребывания в рабстве
nearly a century of Jim Crow.
законов Джима Кроу.
to the word "grandparent"
«дедушка» или «бабушка»,
enslavement lasted in the United States?
как долго рабство процветало в США?
was the first time in American history
первой в американской истории
to choose for themselves
сделать выбор,
with their God-given talents
данные богом таланты
what they and their children
кем захотели стать их дети,
and even great-grandchildren
to choose for themselves
самостоятельно выбрать,
with their God-given talents.
a Toni Morrison as we now know her to be.
какой мы её знаем.
and from Georgia.
из Алабамы и Джорджии.
где их дочь
would get to do something
дело своей жизни.
at this point,
само собой разумеющимся.
and against protocol for African Americans
для афроамериканцев,
growing up in the South,
the single decision to leave,
would get access to books.
доступ к книгам.
a Nobel laureate,
by the Great Migration.
изменилась под влиянием Великой миграции.
they brought with them,
они привезли с собой
the ancestors --
от своих предков.
and the gospel music
through the generations.
из поколения в поколение.
into whole new genres of music.
новые музыкальные жанры.
записать эту музыку,
"Motown" would not have existed.
у нас не было бы «Мотаун Рекордз».
his parents were from Georgia.
были из Джорджии.
he decided he wanted to go into music.
решил заниматься музыкой.
to go all over the country
чтобы путешествовать по всей стране
of the Great Migration
with them during the journey.
в этом путешествии.
were these three girls,
had there been no Great Migration.
если бы не Великая Миграция.
и люди в целом
and a lot of human beings in general,
если бы её родители не встретились.
because her parents might not have met.
и родилась она и её братья и сёстры.
of the Great Migration.
Великой миграции.
of the Great Migration.
who was born in Louisiana
который родился в Луизиане
Central Railroad to Chicago,
штата Иллинойс мигрировал в Чикаго,
to build on the talent
развивать свой талант,
to build on the talents
развивать свой талант,
in the cotton country of Arkansas.
оставшись в хлопковом Арканзасе.
he got his first alto sax.
первый альтовый саксофон.
who cannot imagine a world
кто не может представить мир
having gotten a hold of a saxophone.
of the millions of people
из миллионов людей,
of the single decision to migrate.
благодаря решение мигрировать.
resistance in the North.
сопротивлением на Севере.
all social injustice.
социальную несправедливость.
of the civil rights movement.
борьбы за гражданские права.
that they had been forced to flee.
который им пришлось покинуть.
ровным счётом ничего,
of the United States,
Proclamation could not do.
Эмансипация и Прокламация.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Isabel Wilkerson - Journalist, authorThe author of "The Warmth of Other Suns," the story of the Great Migration, Isabel Wilkerson is a Pulitzer-winning journalist who uses narrative history to bring to light our shared humanity.
Why you should listen
Pulitzer Prize winner Isabel Wilkerson devoted 15 years to the research and writing of The Warmth of Other Suns. She interviewed more than 1,200 people, unearthed archival works and gathered the voices of the famous and the unknown to tell the epic story of the Great Migration, one of the biggest underreported stories of the 20th century and one of the largest migrations in American history.
The book was named to more than 30 Best of the Year lists, won the National Book Critics Circle Award, among other honors, and made national news when President Obama chose it for summer reading in 2011. In 2012, the New York Times named The Warmth of Other Suns to its list of the best nonfiction books of all time.
Wilkerson won the Pulitzer Prize for her work as Chicago Bureau Chief of the New York Times, making her the first black woman in the history of American journalism to win a Pulitzer and the first African-American to win for individual reporting.
Isabel Wilkerson | Speaker | TED.com