Isabel Wilkerson: The Great Migration and the power of a single decision
이사벨 윌커슨(Isabel Wilkerson): 위대한 이민과 결정의 힘
The author of "The Warmth of Other Suns," the story of the Great Migration, Isabel Wilkerson is a Pulitzer-winning journalist who uses narrative history to bring to light our shared humanity. Full bio
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in nearly all of our families.
가깝게 일어날 수 있는 것입니다.
that they had known.
떠나는 것이었습니다.
희망을 가지고 말이죠.
a young person's endeavor.
when you're on the cusp of life.
하는 일이죠.
somewhere in our background.
or the Pacific Ocean.
가로지를 배를 기다립니다.
that will cross rivers and mountains
남부를 벗어나
will be freedom in the North.
북부에서 찾길 바랍니다.
their grandparents,
할머니와 할아버지,
who had gotten them to this point.
만든 분들이 말이죠.
to make the crossing with them.
of the people who had raised them,
사람들의 눈을 들여다 보면
다시 볼 수 있을 지 말입니다.
telephone service.
또한 없었습니다.
did not even have telephones.
가진 사람은 없었습니다.
about the people who had raised them
아무것도 듣지 못합니다.
"Your father has passed away."
당신의 아버지는 돌아가셨거나
매우 많이 아프다고 말하겠죠.
if you are to see her alive again."
살아계시는 모습을 보려고 할 겁니다.
in nearly all of our families
that changed the course of families
that we may not realize.
of six million African Americans
미국인들의 분출로
남부에서부터
until the 1970s.
19070년도까지 일어났습니다.
was the first time in American history
미국 역사상 최초로
had to flee the land of their birth
태어난 땅으로부터 도망쳐
that they had always been.
때문이었습니다.
그저 이동이 아닙니다.
of political asylum
일어나는 일이었습니다.
known as Jim Crow.
카스트 제도를 버린 것입니다.
that you could and could not do
기반한 것이었습니다.
that it was actually against the law
실제로 법에 어긋난다고
together in Birmingham.
규정하고 있습니다.
with a person of a different race.
하더라도 잡혀갑니다.
a black person and a white person
in some town square.
두는 것을 본 적 있다고 합니다.
and this white person playing checkers,
체커를 두는 것이었습니다.
of Southern civilization was in peril.
위험에 빠졌다고 느꼈습니다.
taking the time
있었다고 결정을 해서
there was actually a black Bible
검은 성서였습니다.
카스트 제로 존재했습니다.
by hands of different races.
만질 수도 없었습니다
human desires to be free,
인간의 욕구에 반대되는데
of violence to maintain.
somewhere in the American South,
an African American was lynched
in this caste system
to the start of the Great Migration.
이민을 이끌었습니다.
for many, many reasons.
시행되었습니다.
the economic order of the South,
카스트 제도가 유지 했는데,
a supply of cheap labor
필요했기 때문이지만
to work at the will of the land.
지주의 의지대로 일하게 됩니다.
when the North had a labor problem.
고용문제가 생겼을 때 일어났습니다.
on cheap labor from Europe --
유럽으로부터 들어온
and the steel mills.
제분소등을 가동했습니다.
came to a virtual halt.
멈춰지는 것처럼 보였습니다.
and find the cheapest labor in the land
값싼 노동력을 가서 찾기로 결정해
in the South,
for their hard work.
사람들을 데려왔습니다.
that they were farming.
권리를 찾으려 했습니다.
and not even being paid.
급여를 받지 못했습니다.
되어있었습니다.
to this poaching of its cheap labor.
친절하게 착취한 게 아니란 겁니다.
to keep the people from leaving.
할 수 있는 모든 것을 했습니다.
from the railroad platforms.
체포했습니다.
American citizens.
자유가 된 미국 시민들을
from their train seats.
억류할 것입니다.
people to arrest,
to get to freedom
기도를 올린 사람들이
How now will we get out?
out of the South,
나가게 만들어
beautifully predictable streams
throughout human history.
용의주도하게 끝냈습니다.
there were three streams.
세 개의 흐름이 있었습니다.
the Carolinas and Virginia
버지니아, 조지아 등지에서
and on up the East coast.
따라있는 곳으로 갔습니다.
from Mississippi, Alabama,
to Cleveland and the entire Midwest.
중부지방으로 이동했습니다.
from Louisiana and Texas
멀리 나가고 싶다면
wanted to get away,
within the borders of the United States
있었던 지역이었기 때문입니다.
남부에서부터 말이죠.
were living in the South.
미국인들이 살고 있었습니다.
this Great Migration was over,
all over the rest of the country.
거주하게 되었습니다.
nearly a complete redistribution
in American history
and were willing to take them.
알린 계기가 되었습니다.
in the three centuries
더 일어나지 않았고
had been on that soil at that time.
그때 토지를 소유했습니다.
in 12 generations of enslavement
nearly a century of Jim Crow.
한 세기를 앞서갔습니다.
to the word "grandparent"
enslavement lasted in the United States?
지속되었는지 생각해 볼까요?
was the first time in American history
미국 역사상 최초로
to choose for themselves
with their God-given talents
고를 수 있었습니다.
what they and their children
and even great-grandchildren
to choose for themselves
with their God-given talents.
천부적 재능으로 골랐습니다.
a Toni Morrison as we now know her to be.
사람을 알 수 없었겠죠.
and from Georgia.
조지아에서 왔습니다.
would get to do something
at this point,
당연하다고 생각하지만
and against protocol for African Americans
법에 저촉되어
growing up in the South,
the single decision to leave,
would get access to books.
가능하다는 걸 확인했습니다.
a Nobel laureate,
by the Great Migration.
they brought with them,
음악을 가져왔기 때문에
the ancestors --
and the gospel music
through the generations.
into whole new genres of music.
새로운 장르로 바꿉니다.
"Motown" would not have existed.
모타운 사운드는 없었을 겁니다
his parents were from Georgia.
조지아에서 오셨습니다.
he decided he wanted to go into music.
그는 음악을 하고 싶어했습니다.
to go all over the country
온 나라를 다닐 자금이 없었는데
of the Great Migration
with them during the journey.
음악을 함께 가져왔습니다.
were these three girls,
이 세 명의 소녀들이 있었죠.
had there been no Great Migration.
이주에는 없었다고 생각합니다.
and a lot of human beings in general,
많은 미국인과 사람들이
because her parents might not have met.
그녀는 아마도 없었을 거라고 생각합니다.
다른 시기에 이주했고
of the Great Migration.
of the Great Migration.
who was born in Louisiana
루이 암스트롱으로 출발해 그는
Central Railroad to Chicago,
to build on the talent
to build on the talents
in the cotton country of Arkansas.
쉬고 있을까봐 갔습니다.
he got his first alto sax.
처음으로 알토 색소폰을 잡습니다.
who cannot imagine a world
세상을 상상 못하죠.
having gotten a hold of a saxophone.
of the millions of people
of the single decision to migrate.
resistance in the North.
all social injustice.
물리칠 수는 없었습니다.
of the civil rights movement.
가능해졌습니다.
that they had been forced to flee.
지방을 바꿀 수 있었습니다.
더한 힘을 가졌습니다.
of the United States,
하지 못한 걸 했습니다.
할 수 있었습니다.
Proclamation could not do.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Isabel Wilkerson - Journalist, authorThe author of "The Warmth of Other Suns," the story of the Great Migration, Isabel Wilkerson is a Pulitzer-winning journalist who uses narrative history to bring to light our shared humanity.
Why you should listen
Pulitzer Prize winner Isabel Wilkerson devoted 15 years to the research and writing of The Warmth of Other Suns. She interviewed more than 1,200 people, unearthed archival works and gathered the voices of the famous and the unknown to tell the epic story of the Great Migration, one of the biggest underreported stories of the 20th century and one of the largest migrations in American history.
The book was named to more than 30 Best of the Year lists, won the National Book Critics Circle Award, among other honors, and made national news when President Obama chose it for summer reading in 2011. In 2012, the New York Times named The Warmth of Other Suns to its list of the best nonfiction books of all time.
Wilkerson won the Pulitzer Prize for her work as Chicago Bureau Chief of the New York Times, making her the first black woman in the history of American journalism to win a Pulitzer and the first African-American to win for individual reporting.
Isabel Wilkerson | Speaker | TED.com