Mennat El Ghalid: How fungi recognize (and infect) plants
Mennat El Ghalid: Comment les champignons détectent et infectent les plantes
Mennat El Ghalid research aims to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal biology and pathogenicity. Full bio
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depuis les racines.
counting nearly four billion trees,
est des États-Unis, 4 milliards d'arbres,
by a fungal infection.
par une infection fongique.
les plus destructeurs des plantes,
pathogens of plants,
economic importance.
pour l'économie.
with fungal infection
d'infection de champignons
per year, worldwide?
chaque année dans le monde ?
to feed half a billion people.
nourrir un demi milliard de personnes.
in developing countries,
en voie de développement,
for farmers and distributors,
pour les fermiers et les distributeurs,
poison produced by fungi.
le poison produit par les champignons.
used to prevent and treat
pour prévenir et traiter
exploiting natural sources of resistance,
de sources naturelles de résistance,
treatment, among others,
des graines, par exemple,
ou circonscrites dans le temps.
constamment renouvelées.
to develop more efficient strategies
développer des stratégies plus efficaces.
to identify biological mechanisms
les mécanismes biologiques
by novel antifungal treatments.
antimycosiques nouveaux.
est qu'ils ne peuvent pas bouger.
is that they cannot move
to form a sophisticated network,
pour former un réseau sophistiqué :
the father of plant pathology,
le fondateur des pathologies végétales,
that fungi are guided by signals
que les champignons sont guidés
it can lodge and subsist,
il peut être hébergé et subsister.
une plante, croître dans sa direction,
et finalement la coloniser.
of such signals
that then serves to elaborate strategy
utile pour élaborer des stratégies
between the fungus and the plant.
entre les champignons et les plantes.
method at that moment
appropriée à cette époque
this mechanism at the molecular level.
au niveau moléculaire.
genomic approaches,
de purification et de mutation,
of directed hyphal growth,
la croissance fongique orientée,
that after 130 years,
que 130 ans plus tard,
could finally identify such plant signals
finalement pu identifier de tels signaux
between a pathogenic fungus
un champignon pathogène
the tomato plant.
receiving those signals
qui reçoit ces signaux
occurring within the fungus
qui a lieu dans le champignon
toward the plant.
sa croissance vers la plante.
of such molecular processes
de tels processus moléculaires
de molécules potentielles
novel antifungal treatments.
antifongiques innovants.
the fungus and the plant
le champignon et la plante
émis par la plante,
which receives those signals.
du champignon concerné.
agriculture crops.
nos cultures agricoles.
is increasing significantly.
augmente significativement
economic development,
le développement économique,
et la demande en biocarburant.
of the molecular mechanism
des mécanismes moléculaires
a fungus and its host plant,
et leur plante hôte,
towards developing more efficient strategy
vers des stratégies plus efficaces
fongiques des plantes
that affect people's lives,
qui touchent la vie des gens,
et la croissance économique.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mennat El Ghalid - MycologistMennat El Ghalid research aims to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal biology and pathogenicity.
Why you should listen
Mycologist Mennat El Ghalid received an Initial Training Networks - Marie Skłodowska-Curie fellowship to pursue her PhD project in the Molecular Genetics of Fungal Pathogenicity Unit and the International Campus of Excellence in Agrifood CeiA3 at the Universidad de Cordoba (Spain). During her PhD, her former team and herself identified the compounds secreted from the plant roots attracting Fusarium oxysporum, a soilborne plant pathogenic fungus and characterized the underlying mechanisms of attraction. Such compounds were tracked since the 19th century. The discovery was published in the Nature Journal.
El Ghalid became a TED Fellow in 2017 and have been selected as one of the 100 women honorees for OkayAfrica's 2018 #OKAY100Women list for her dedicated work and for being a promising talent within the field of STEM. She is currently working at Institut Pasteur (France) in the Biology and Pathogenicity Unit to study Candida albicans, an opportunistic pathogenic fungus and the main cause of fungal infections in immunocompromised humans.
Mennat El Ghalid | Speaker | TED.com