Jakob Magolan: A crash course in organic chemistry
ジェイコブ・メイゴーラン: 有機化学速習コース
Professor Jakob Magolan is a synthetic chemist who assembles new molecules to discover new medicines. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the words "organic chemistry?"
at nearly every university,
introduction to the subject,
教科への入門であり
that overwhelms students,
to become a doctor or a dentist
獣医師になりたいなら
perceive this science like this ...
この科学を
to do to young people,
beyond college campuses long ago.
広まってしまいました
about these two words.
皆の頭痛のタネとなったのです
in which we have placed it
and it's not good for society,
いいことではありません
should be easier. It shouldn't.
易しいものではありませんが
by the experiences of premed students
a very anxious time of their lives.
定義されるべきではありません
of organic chemistry is valuable,
大切だと考えるからで
accessible to everybody,
overpriced EpiPens.
the beat of my heart,
再始動し
allergic reaction.
止めることもできます
right here will do it.
the ignition switch
go up so blood could rush to my muscles.
筋肉に血液が流れ込みます
I would feel a wave of strength.
力がみなぎるのを感じるでしょう
between life and death for many people.
生死を分けてきました
that you can hold in your fingers.
of epinephrine.
意味不明です
when I look at that picture.
あるいは分子と呼んでいます
together by atomic bonds.
結び付いています
gives epinephrine its identity,
エピネフリンが決定されます
actually seen one of these,
ありません
an artistic impression,
どれほど小さいかを
how small this is.
half a milligram of it dissolved in water.
水に溶けています
molecules in here is one quintillion.
100京個です
星があるでしょうか?
into the right ballpark,
under all the oceans and lakes,
so they fit in here.
縮めてみなくてはなりません
we will never see it,
肉眼では絶対に見えず
through some sophisticated machines
resonance spectrometers."
姿が現れてくるのです
this molecule very well.
この分子がよくわかるのです
of four different types of atoms,
酸素と窒素でできています
we typically use for them.
is made of little spheres
of these basic ingredients,
from three smaller particles:
できています
電子です
into this familiar table.
doesn't need all of these,
全部が必要なわけではなく
that stand apart from the rest
目立っています
that are found in epinephrine:
窒素と酸素です
is the most important part.
最も重要です
connect to form molecules,
分子を形作る時には
1234
and you can misspell the word "honk,"
honk(警笛を鳴らす)の綴りを変えれば
for the rest of your lives.
with these ingredients.
they're made of electrons.
電子でできています
to reach out and hold their neighbors.
隣とつながります
like a handshake,
they are not permanent.
永遠には続きません
and grab another.
別の原子をつかみます
新たな分子を作る時を
and make new molecules.
is made mostly of carbon atoms,
主に炭素原子でできていて
structural building material,
構造を作るのによく使われます
a good number of handshakes
as the study of carbon molecules.
研究だと言えるわけです
we can think of that follow our rules,
最小の分子を組み立てると
and they have familiar names:
おなじみの名前です
H20 and NH3 and CH4.
H2O NH3およびCH4です
"oxygen" and "nitrogen" --
窒素という言葉は―
that have two atoms each.
同じ言葉を使います
and three bonds between them.
1、2、3つの結合があるからです
CO2です
and beside it, some flammable fuels.
脇に燃料を並べてみましょう
of just hydrogen and carbon.
炭素だけでできています
We're very creative.
実に創造的ですね
into molecules of oxygen,
or in your barbecues,
再構築し
ends up at the center of a CO2 molecule,
中央に落ち着きます
as parts of waters,
for bigger molecules either,
例外ではありません
important stories in medical history.
最も重要な物語なのです
real triumph over physical pain,
医学が初めて勝利を収めたのです
and they're read by other scientists,
それが他の科学者に読まれます
to do this quickly on paper,
便利な方法があります
with simple letters,
that lie in the plane of the page,
forwards and backwards,
by corners between the bonds,
that's bonded to a carbon.
水素も全て隠します
any fewer than four bonds.
is the bonds between OH and NH.
to make it cleaner,
to draw molecules.
ページで見られます
but I think everyone here could do it,
誰にでもできますよ
They're one and the same.
同じものです
through your body right now.
a quick quintillion more of them.
100京個追加できます
家畜の副腎から抽出できます
of sheep or cattle,
where this stuff comes from.
that come mostly from petroleum.
makes some of us uncomfortable.
which makes us feel safe.
they cannot be distinguished.
見分けはつきません
that are coming off an assembly line here.
車2台とは違います
almost mathematical sense.
まったく同一なんです
math practically touches reality.
数学は 現実的になります
they don't matter,
問題にはなりません
this molecule just like we do,
at this than we are.
that are powered by sunlight,
生合成工場をもたらしました
small molecules crash into each other
小さな分子同士がぶつかり
carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids,
核酸等の大きな分子になります
with the oxygen gas we breathe,
酸素で満たしました
with the energy of the sun.
太陽エネルギーが注ぎ込まれています
to reclaim this word, "chemical,"
取り戻すのを手伝ってください
and it doesn't mean harmful,
害があるという意味ではなく
chemical-free lump charcoal.
炭なんてありません
chemicals are quite toxic,
有毒なものも多いですが
whether something is harmful
we have these people.
この分解された
that we call petroleum.
これらに依存していて
gets converted into a molecule of CO2.
二酸化炭素に変換されます
that is messing up our climate.
温室ガスです
will make that reality easier to accept
現実を受け入れられるようになる
are not just fossil fuels.
化石燃料であるだけではありません
available raw materials
that we call synthesis.
or break them apart with great control.
バラバラにする方法を知っています
it's even possible.
私には驚きです
レゴを何箱分も洗濯機に放り込んで
into washing machines,
exact copies of nature, like epinephrine,
自然の分子のコピーを作成したり
from scratch, like these two.
最初から作ったりします
of multiple sclerosis;
症状を和らげたり
that we call T-cell lymphoma.
血液がんを完治させます
it's like a key in a lock,
錠前と鍵のように合致すると
with the chemistry of a disease.
化学物質と反応します
to fit snugly somewhere important.
ぴったり結合する分子であれば 効きます
at making them than we are,
作るのがうまいのです
two chlorine atoms
in a jungle in Borneo in 1953.
ボルネオのジャングルの泥水で見つかりました
cost-efficiently in a lab.
合成することはできません
can harvest it from its natural source,
でも 自然から採取できるので
one of our most powerful antibiotics.
最も強力な抗生物質のひとつだからです
in our literature every day.
論文に報告されています
in every corner of this planet.
見つけたりしています
have amazing powers ...
すごい力があり―
and everything else.
治すのです
is like being a knight in shining armor.
騎士のようなものです
with courage and composure,
of the blacksmith in this picture,
things would look a little different ...
かなり違うことになるでしょう
はるかに大規模です
fabrics, all plastics,
布にプラスチック
you're sitting on right now --
and they're mostly carbon,
主に炭素ですから
たくさんあります
その他多くの原子
and it goes on and on and on,
もっともっとあります
時間がかかります
you guys organic chemistry --
教えに来たわけではありません
from a young man named Weston Durland,
助けてもらいました
student in chemistry,
pretty good with computer graphics.
all the moving molecules
動く分子はすべて
through the use of graphics like these
about this intricate science.
手助けとしたかったのです
is not something to be afraid of.
of the natural world looks richer.
窓口なのです
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jakob Magolan - Organic chemistProfessor Jakob Magolan is a synthetic chemist who assembles new molecules to discover new medicines.
Why you should listen
Jakob Magolan holds the Boris Family Endowed Chair in Drug Discovery at McMaster University in Canada. As a graduate student, he was trained to synthesize the complex and beautiful molecules made by nature from simple chemical building blocks. His medicinal chemistry laboratory now partners with biologists and clinicians to find new molecules and innovative strategies to treat disease. He and his colleagues at McMaster's Institute for Infectious Disease Research are working to discover new antibiotics to combat the threat of drug-resistant microbial infections.
Magolan has taught organic chemistry to hundreds of undergraduate students. He believes in the tremendous value of scientific literacy in society and loves to share his appreciation of science with the public. Magolan prepared this TEDx talk together with graphic designer Weston Durland, who was one of his chemistry students.
Jakob Magolan | Speaker | TED.com