Lauren Sallan: How to win at evolution and survive a mass extinction
ローレン・サラン: 進化で勝ち残り、大絶滅を生き延びる方法
TED Fellow Lauren Sallan is a paleobiologist using big data analytics to reveal how macroevolution, or evolution happens at the largest scales, happens. Full bio
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greatest winners --
four billion years in the making.
頂点にいます
who have ever lived,
乗り越えてきました
of golden opportunities
絶好のチャンスのおかげです
of your co-winners and relatives.
勝ち組入りした親戚である
魚類についても言えます
ツキに恵まれたのでしょう?
who uses big data --
ビッグデータすなわち
and others lose.
研究しています
of beautiful fish fossils,
たくさんありますが
number of ugly, broken fossils,
醜い 壊れた化石と合わせて
for evolutionary patterns.
進化のパターンを得ることができます
major pathways of change
明らかにできます
of the winners and losers
I discovered using fossil data.
勝者と敗者の物語です
as the last dinosaur --
with razor-edge jaws dominated
鎧のような硬い殻で覆われた捕食者が支配し
with arm bones in their fins.
巨大魚もいました
across the sea floor.
海底を動き回っていました
of salmon and tuna
少数の条鰭(じょうき)類は
食物連鎖の底辺にいました
lived offshore in fear.
沖合で怯えながら生息していました
the tetrapods,
ほんの数種類ながら
なんとか生き延びていました
ハンゲンベルクイベントで
359 million years ago:
and swept away.
変動の大波にさらわれました
that's the end of the story.
おしまいと思うかもしれません
the meek inherited the earth,
弱者が地球を受け継ぎ
came from many groups --
様々なグループに属していましたが
ずっと多かったのです
to bottom-feeder,
底辺の餌になる種も
over the next several million years
荒れ果てた世界で
should have had an advantage.
本来 優位だったはずです
and biding their time.
時を待ったのです
わずかの間だけでした
変えることなく
sharks and four-legged tetrapods
わずかな種の条鰭類、サメ、四足動物は
dying young,
短命になり
and reproducing rapidly.
繁殖の速度を上げました
and weird bodies.
for their 60,000 living species,
勝ち取ったのです
偶発的な出来事ではなく
evolutionary pathways.
別の道を歩んだのです
成り下がったものもいます
repeat across time.
いかに繰り返されてきたかです
upon thousands of dead fishes,
死滅した魚類をデータベース化しましたが
through mass extinction,
うまく対処したことで
何がわかるでしょう?
will not just replace what was lost,
死滅した生物の後釜におさまるだけでなく
かかるかも知れません
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lauren Sallan - PaleobiologistTED Fellow Lauren Sallan is a paleobiologist using big data analytics to reveal how macroevolution, or evolution happens at the largest scales, happens.
Why you should listen
Lauren Sallan uses the vast fossil record of fishes as a deep time database, mining to find out why some species persist and diversify while others die off. She has used these methods to discover the lost, largest, "sixth" mass extinction of vertebrates; the end-Devonian Hangenberg event (359 million years ago), reveal how fish heads changed first during their rise to dominance; test why some species thrive after global disruptions while others flounder; and show how invasions by new predators can shift prey diversity at global scales.
Sallan is the Martin Meyerson Assistant Professor in Interdisciplinary Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, based in the Department Earth and Environmental Science, and became a TED Fellow in 2017. Her research has been published in Science, PNAS and Current Biology. It has also been featured in the New York Times, The Chicago Tribune, Forbes, the New Scientist, the Discovery Channel and the recent popular science book, The Ends of the World by Peter Brannen.
Lauren Sallan | Speaker | TED.com