ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Caroline Weaver - Author, pencil store owner
Caroline Weaver owns CW Pencil Enterprise, a wood-cased pencil specialty shop in New York City.

Why you should listen

Grown from a lifelong interest and opened in 2015, Caroline Weaver's shop has garnered the attention of the New York Times, Bloomberg, the Wall Street Journal and many other publications for its faithful dedication single object and its playful design. Weaver is also the author of The Pencil Perfect: the Untold Story of a Cultural Icon, a book on pencil history published by Gestalten in 2017.

More profile about the speaker
Caroline Weaver | Speaker | TED.com
Small Thing Big Idea

Caroline Weaver: Why the pencil is perfect

Caroline Weaver: Por que o lápis é perfeito?

Filmed:
1,170,087 views

Por que os lápis são no formato de hexágonos, e como eles ganharam o seu icônico tom de amarelo? A dona de uma loja de lápis, Caroline Weaver, nos leva para dentro da fascinante história do lápis.
- Author, pencil store owner
Caroline Weaver owns CW Pencil Enterprise, a wood-cased pencil specialty shop in New York City. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
The sound is a really big part, I think,
of the experience of using a pencil,
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Eu acho que o som é uma parte importante
da experiência de usar um lápis,
00:15
and it has this really
audible scratchiness.
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ele tem esse som arranhado bem audível.
00:19
(Scratching)
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(Arranhado)
00:22
[Small thing. Big idea.]
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[Pequena coisa.]
[Grande ideia.]
00:25
[Caroline Weaver on
the Pencil]
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[Caroline Weaver sobre o Lápis]
00:28
The pencil is a very simple object.
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O lápis é um objeto muito simples.
00:30
It's made of wood
with some layers of paint
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É feito de madeira,
com algumas camadas de tinta,
00:33
an eraser and a core,
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uma borracha e o núcleo,
00:34
which is made out of graphite,
clay and water.
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que é feito de grafite, argila e água.
00:37
Yeah, it took hundreds
of people over centuries
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Foi preciso centenas
de pessoas durante séculos
00:39
to come to this design.
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para chegar a esse design.
00:41
And it's that long history
of collaboration
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E é essa longa história de colaboração
00:44
that, to me, makes it
a very perfect object.
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que, para mim, faz com que ele seja
um objeto perfeito.
00:48
The story of the pencil
starts with graphite.
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A história do lápis começa com a grafite.
00:50
People started finding
really useful applications
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As pessoas começaram a encontrar
aplicações muito úteis
00:53
for this new substance.
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para essa nova substância.
00:54
They cut it into small sticks
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Eles cortavam em pequenos bastões
00:57
and wrapped it in string
or sheepskin or paper
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e enrolavam em barbante,
pele de carneiro ou papel
00:59
and sold it on the streets of London
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e vendiam nas ruas de Londres
01:01
to be used for writing or for drawing
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para ser usado para escrever ou desenhar
01:03
or, a lot of times,
by farmers and shepherds,
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ou, algumas vezes,
por fazendeiros ou pastores,
01:06
who used it to mark their animals.
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que usavam para marcar seus animais.
01:08
Over in France,
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Na França,
01:09
Nicolas-Jacques Conté figured out a method
of grinding the graphite,
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Nicolas-Jacques Conté descobriu
uma forma de triturar a grafite,
01:13
mixing it with powdered clay
and water to make a paste.
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misturando com argila em pó
e água para fazer uma pasta.
01:16
From there, this paste was filled
into a mold and fired in a kiln,
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Depois, a pasta era colocada
dentro de um molde e queimada no forno,
01:19
and the result was
a really strong graphite core
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e o resultado era um núcleo
de grafite muito forte
01:22
that wasn't breakable,
that was smooth, usable --
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que não quebrava, era macio, usável...
01:25
it was so much better than anything else
that existed at the time,
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Era muito melhor do que qualquer coisa
que já existia naquela época,
01:29
and to this day, that's the method
that's still used in making pencils.
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e até hoje, esse é o método
utilizado na fabricação de lápis.
01:33
Meanwhile, over in America,
in Concord, Massachusetts,
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Enquanto isso, na América,
em Concord, Massachusetts,
01:36
it was Henry David Thoreau
who came up with the grading scale
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Henry David Thoreau inventou
a escala de classificação
01:39
for different hardnesses of pencil.
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para lápis de diferentes durezas.
01:41
It was graded one through four,
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Foram classificados de um a quatro,
01:43
number two being the ideal
hardness for general use.
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o número dois sendo o de uso
ideal para tarefas gerais.
01:47
The softer the pencil,
the more graphite it had in it,
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Quanto mais suave o lápis,
mais grafite tinha na composição,
01:49
and the darker and smoother
the line will be.
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e a escrita seria mais escura e suave.
01:53
The firmer the pencil,
the more clay it had in it
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Quanto mais firme o lápis,
mais argila havia
01:55
and the lighter and finer it will be.
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e a linha seria mais clara e fina.
01:58
Originally, when pencils were handmade,
they were made round.
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Quando os lápis eram feitos à mão,
eles eram redondos.
02:01
There was no easy way to make them,
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Não havia forma fácil de faze-los,
02:03
and it was the Americans
who really mechanized the craft.
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e foram os americanos
que mecanizaram a produção.
02:06
A lot of people credit Joseph Dixon
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Muita gente dá os créditos a Joseph Dixon
02:08
for being one of the first people
to start developing actual machines
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por ser um dos primeiros
a desenvolver máquinas
02:12
to do things like cut wood slats,
cut grooves into the wood,
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que cortavam lâminas de madeira,
faziam sulcos na madeira,
02:16
apply glue to them ...
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aplicavam cola...
02:17
And they figured out
it was easier and less wasteful
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E eles descobriram que era mais fácil
e com menos desperdício
02:20
to do a hexagonal pencil,
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fazer o lápis hexagonal,
02:22
and so that became the standard.
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e então isso virou o padrão.
02:24
Since the early days of pencils,
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Desde os primórdios dos lápis,
02:26
people have loved that they can be erased.
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as pessoas adoravam poder apagar.
02:29
Originally, it was bread crumbs
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Originalmente, pedaços de pão
02:31
that were used
to scratch away pencil marks
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eram usados para apagar marcas de lápis
02:33
and later, rubber and pumice.
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e depois, borracha e pedra-pomes.
02:35
The attached eraser happened in 1858,
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A borracha na ponta surgiu em 1858,
02:38
when American stationer
Hymen Lipman patented the first pencil
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quando o papeleiro americano
Hymen Lipman patenteou o lápis
02:42
with an attached eraser,
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com uma borracha na ponta,
02:44
which really changed the pencil game.
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o que mudou o lápis para sempre.
02:46
The world's first yellow pencil
was the KOH-I-NOOR 1500.
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O primeiro lápis amarelo do mundo
foi o KOH-I-NOOR 1500.
02:50
KOH-I-NOOR did this crazy thing
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KOH-I-NOOR os produzia de modo
02:51
where they painted this pencil
with 14 coats of yellow paint
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que os lápis eram pintados
com 14 camadas de tinta amarela
02:54
and dipped the end in 14-carat gold.
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e a ponta era mergulhada em ouro 14 K.
02:57
There is a pencil for everyone,
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Existe um lápis para todos os gostos,
02:59
and every pencil has a story.
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e todo lápis tem uma história.
03:02
The Blackwing 602 is famous
for being used by a lot of writers,
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O Blackwing 602 é famoso
por ser usado por muitos escritores,
03:06
especially John Steinbeck
and Vladimir Nabokov.
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especialmente John Steinbeck
e Vladimir Nabokov.
03:09
And then, you have
the Dixon pencil company.
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E existe a companhia Dixon de lápis.
03:12
They're responsible
for the Dixon Ticonderoga.
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Eles são responsáveis
pelo Dixon Ticonderoga.
03:15
It's an icon,
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É um ícone,
03:16
it's what people think of
when they think of a pencil
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é o que as pessoas pensam
quando falamos em lápis
03:18
and what they think of
when they think of school.
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e o que pensam quando falamos em escola.
03:21
And the pencil's really
a thing that, I think,
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E o lápis é algo que eu acho
03:23
the average user
has never thought twice about,
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que o usuário comum
nunca pensou duas vezes,
03:25
how it's made or why it's made
the way it is,
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como é feito ou porque
é feito do jeito que é,
03:28
because it's just always been that way.
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porque sempre foi desse jeito.
03:31
In my opinion, there's nothing
that can be done
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Na minha opinião, não há nada
que possa ser feito
03:33
to make the pencil better than it is.
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para melhorar o lápis.
03:36
It's perfect.
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Ele é perfeito.
Translated by Hannah Mello
Reviewed by Custodio Marcelino

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Caroline Weaver - Author, pencil store owner
Caroline Weaver owns CW Pencil Enterprise, a wood-cased pencil specialty shop in New York City.

Why you should listen

Grown from a lifelong interest and opened in 2015, Caroline Weaver's shop has garnered the attention of the New York Times, Bloomberg, the Wall Street Journal and many other publications for its faithful dedication single object and its playful design. Weaver is also the author of The Pencil Perfect: the Untold Story of a Cultural Icon, a book on pencil history published by Gestalten in 2017.

More profile about the speaker
Caroline Weaver | Speaker | TED.com

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