J.D. Vance: America's forgotten working class
Дж. Д. Ванс: Забытый рабочий класс Америки
Former Marine and Yale Law School graduate J.D. Vance writes about how upward mobility really feels. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
I went to a nice restaurant,
оказался в хорошем ресторане,
the waitress walked around
I'll take some white wine."
or chardonnay?"
stop with the fancy French words
заканчивайте со своим французским
and sauvignon blanc
that I would take the chardonnay,
the easiest one to pronounce for me.
это слово было легче произнести.
as a law student at Yale,
на юридическом факультете в Йеле,
I'm a cultural outsider.
я культурный аутсайдер.
or from San Francisco.
и не из Сан-Франциско.
в городе сталеваров,
struggling in a lot of ways,
во многих аспектах жизни,
of the broader struggles
and divorce have torn apart families.
и разводы разбивают семьи.
sense of pessimism that's moved in.
in these communities
for a lot of these folks,
in their own communities,
в местных общинах,
to that struggle.
for a very long time.
испытывала схожие трудности.
that doesn't have a whole lot of money.
and even, sadly, my own mom.
к несчастью, даже мою маму.
that I saw in my own family,
в моей собственной семье.
by a lack of money,
of access to resources and social capital
и общественному капиталу,
when I was 14 years old
как я жил в свои 14 лет,
to happen to this kid?"
that I would have struggled
вертикальной мобильностью.
that's very core
are going to live a better life,
жить лучшей жизнью,
to live a materially better existence,
материального благосостояния
in the circumstances where they came from.
we've learned, unfortunately,
as we'd like it to be in this country,
в нашей стране недостаточно сильна
it's very geographically distributed.
устраиваются в целом неплохо
and their part in the American Dream.
свою американскую мечту.
in southern Ohio,
that kids like that will rise.
шансы на успех в жизни невелики.
in those parts of the country
economic or structural.
экономическая или структурная.
terrible economic trends,
like coal and steel
и металлургии,
for folks to get ahead.
where the really talented people,
когда по-настоящему талантливые люди,
high-skilled work at home,
или создают НКО где-то ещё,
or non-profit where they're from,
and taking their talents with them.
родной край многого лишается.
in a lot of these communities,
разваливаются школы,
the educational leg up
to have opportunities later in life.
преуспеть во взрослой жизни.
these structural barriers.
and my community,
родной город,
something else mattered.
but it was no less real.
но оно было реально.
a very real sense of hopelessness
that their choices didn't matter.
что у них нет выбора.
no matter how hard they worked,
и сколько бы они ни трудились,
they tried to get ahead,
чтобы преуспеть,
to grow up around.
to very conspiratorial places.
до конспирологических теорий.
political issue that's pretty hot,
you might think that affirmative action
вы можете соглашаться или нет
to promote diversity in the workplace
с дискриминацией на работе
as a tool to hold people like you back.
казалась бы вам механизмом сдерживания.
a member of the white working class.
это особенно справедливо.
that isn't just about good or bad policy.
в хорошей или плохой политике.
that's actively conspiring,
and financial power
that conspiracy against you --
этого заговора повсюду,
when you grow up in that world,
как жить, если растёшь в такой среде,
"I'm not going to work hard,
it's not going to matter."
after the traditional markers of success,
что принято считать успехом —
or a prestigious job,
и престижной должностью.
about those things are unlike me.
a family member asked me
дома меня спросили,
to get by the admissions committee.
чтобы меня приняли.
that there was a liberal box to check
нет пункта «политические взгляды»,
insecurity in these places
что люди из бедных районов чувствуют,
to be somebody you're not
to that hopelessness,
этому чувству обречённости
and you want to make the good choices,
стараться поступать правильно,
for yourself and for your family,
и жизнь своей семьи,
to even know what those choices are
какой выбор правильный,
in a community like I did.
to law school to be a lawyer.
чтобы стать юристом.
as research consistently tells us,
что учёба в лучших вузах
обходится дешевле,
выплачивают им бóльшую стипендию,
have bigger endowments,
from Yale for myself,
о материальной помощи
выплачиваемых нуждающимся.
in need-based aid,
я тоже до того не знал.
when I got that letter and said,
то сказал своей тёте:
that for the first time in my life,
to that information
didn't have access to that information.
в моём кругу общения.
how to shoot a gun, how to shoot it well.
a damn good biscuit recipe.
is frozen butter, not warm butter.
заморозить масло —
the good decisions
правильные решения
in this 21st century knowledge economy.
в условиях экономики знаний.
that we gain from our informal networks,
почерпнутые из неформальных источников,
and family "social capital."
«социальным капиталом».
wasn't built for 21st century America,
не был предназначен для Америки XXI века,
that's really important that's going on
происходит в нашем обществе,
doesn't like to talk about,
adverse childhood experiences,
так называемый отрицательный опыт,
for childhood trauma:
put down by a parent repeatedly,
на них кричат,
or abuse alcohol.
of childhood trauma,
commonplace in my family.
commonplace in my family right now.
моей семьи в настоящий момент —
когда у них появились дети,
were going to raise them in a way
a good wage in a steel mill.
на сталелитейном заводе.
to a lot of the childhood trauma
из поколения в поколение.
my grandma set my grandfather on fire.
как моя бабушка подожгла дедушку.
I'm gonna kill you."
that that affects a child's mind.
на неокрепший ум.
as especially rare,
Children's Trust Fund found
Wisconsin Children's Trust Fund выявило,
multiple instances of childhood trauma,
многократно испытывают травмы.
for upper-income kids.
этот показатель равен 29 %.
из бедных семей
instances of childhood trauma.
to the kids who experience that life.
пережившими такое:
more likely to go to jail,
начинают принимать наркотики,
to do to their children
поступать со своими детьми так же,
very worst gift to our children,
из поколения в поколение.
just another statistic,
from college, I went to law school,
поступил на юридический факультет,
is that my grandparents,
of setting someone on fire fame,
by the time I came around.
to do the things that kids need,
не справлялись со своей ролью,
did two things that really matter.
две особенно важные вещи:
that allowed me to focus on homework
и я мог спокойно заниматься учёбой
should be focused on.
this incredibly perceptive woman,
a middle school education.
that my community had for me,
мне внушали,
the deck is stacked against them.
считающим, что весь мир против тебя.
that life wasn't fair.
что жизнь несправедлива.
the reality that their choices matter.
что всё зависит от него.
to strike that balance.
was the United States Marine Corps.
в Корпусе морской пехоты США.
as a military outfit, and of course it is,
что это просто военная служба,
was a four-year crash course
четырёхлетний интенсивный курс
how to do laundry,
заправлять кровать,
how to manage my finances.
и следить за своими финансами.
my community didn't teach me.
to go buy a car for the very first time,
low, low interest rate of 21.9 percent,
to sign on the dotted line.
and get a better deal."
ставка намного лучше».
to that knowledge.
a financial calamity, frankly.
is that I had a lot of good fortune
что мне очень повезло
an important role in my life.
from Ohio State, from Yale,
из Огайо, из Йеля —
that social capital gap
социального капитала,
apparently, that I had.
aren't going to have that good fortune,
really important questions for all of us
для нас всех вопрос:
how we're going to give low-income kids
неблагополучных семей
access to a loving home.
в этих неблагополучных семьях
to teach low-income parents
with their children,
со своими детьми и супругами.
about how we give social capital,
who don't have it.
которого у них нет.
how we teach working class children
детей из рабочего класса
and financial management.
и управлению финансами.
to this problem,
anxiously awaiting their dad,
when he comes through the door,
why she doesn't cook him dinner,
почему она его не кормит,
no hope for the future
wants to live a better life.
to show it to them.
starts asking better questions
не задаст себе правильные вопросы,
to more of our communities
и другим детям в нашей стране,
так и не разрешится.
to have a very significant problem.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
J.D. Vance - AuthorFormer Marine and Yale Law School graduate J.D. Vance writes about how upward mobility really feels.
Why you should listen
J.D. Vance grew up in the Rust Belt city of Middletown, Ohio, and the Appalachian town of Jackson, Kentucky. He enlisted in the Marine Corps after high school and served in Iraq. A graduate of the Ohio State University and Yale Law School, he has contributed to the National Review and is a principal at a leading Silicon Valley investment firm. He is the author of Hillbilly Elegy, a number one New York Times Best Seller. Vance lives in San Francisco with his wife and two dogs.
J.D. Vance | Speaker | TED.com