TEDWomen 2016
Deepika Kurup: A young scientist's quest for clean water
Dipika Kurap (Deepika Kurup): Potraga mlade naučnice za čistom vodom
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Dipika Kurap je odlučna u želji da riješi globalnu krizu vode još od svoje četrnaeste godine, kada je vidjela djecu ispred kuće njenog djeda i bake u Indiji kako piju vodu koja je izgledala previše prljavo da bi se dodirnula. Njeno istraživanje je počelo u njenoj porodičnoj kuhinji - i u međuvremenu je dovelo do važne naučne nagrade. Poslušajte kako je ova naučnica tinejdžerka pronašla način za prečišćavanje vode, koji je ekonomičan i pogodan za životnu sredinu.
Deepika Kurup - Inventor, student scientist
Water is the basis of life, and too many people around the world suffer from waterborne illnesses. Deepika Kurup is working to change that. Full bio
Water is the basis of life, and too many people around the world suffer from waterborne illnesses. Deepika Kurup is working to change that. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Every summer, my family and I
travel across the world,
travel across the world,
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Svakog ljeta, moja porodica i ja
putujemo na drugi kraj svijeta,
putujemo na drugi kraj svijeta,
00:17
3,000 miles away
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3000 milja daleko,
00:19
to the culturally diverse
country of India.
country of India.
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u kulturološki raznovrsnu zemlju Indiju.
00:22
Now, India is a country infamous
for its scorching heat and humidity.
for its scorching heat and humidity.
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Indija je zemlja na zlom glasu
zbog svoje sparne vrućine i vlažnosti.
zbog svoje sparne vrućine i vlažnosti.
00:27
For me, the only relief from this heat
is to drink plenty of water.
is to drink plenty of water.
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Za mene, jedino olakšanje od ove vrućine
je da pijem mnogo vode.
je da pijem mnogo vode.
00:32
Now, while in India,
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Dok smo u Indiji,
moji roditelji me uvijek podsjećaju
moji roditelji me uvijek podsjećaju
00:34
my parents always remind me
to only drink boiled or bottled water,
to only drink boiled or bottled water,
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da pijem samo prokuvanu
ili flaširanu vodu,
ili flaširanu vodu,
00:39
because unlike here in America,
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zato što, za razliku od Amerike,
00:41
where I can just turn on a tap
and easily get clean, potable water,
and easily get clean, potable water,
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gdje mogu jednostavno da odvrnem slavinu
i da lako dobijem čistu, pijaću vodu,
i da lako dobijem čistu, pijaću vodu,
00:46
in India, the water is often contaminated.
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u Indiji je voda često zagađena.
00:49
So my parents have to make sure
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Zato moji roditelji moraju da budu
00:51
that the water we drink is safe.
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sigurni da je voda
koju pijemo bezbjedna.
koju pijemo bezbjedna.
00:54
However, I soon realized
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Međutim, ubrzo sam shvatila
00:56
that not everyone is fortunate enough
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da svako nema dovljno sreće
00:59
to enjoy the clean water we did.
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da uživa u čistoj vodi kao mi.
01:03
Outside my grandparents' house
in the busy streets of India,
in the busy streets of India,
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Ispred kuće moga djeda i bake
u prometnim ulicama Indije,
u prometnim ulicama Indije,
01:07
I saw people standing in long lines
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vidjela sam ljude koji stoje
u dugim redovima,
u dugim redovima,
01:10
under the hot sun
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na jakom suncu,
01:11
filling buckets with water from a tap.
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i pune kante vodom iz česme.
01:15
I even saw children,
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Čak sam vidjela djecu
01:17
who looked the same age as me,
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koja su izgledala
kao da su istog godišta kao ja,
kao da su istog godišta kao ja,
01:20
filling up these clear plastic bottles
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kako pune čiste plastične flaše
01:22
with dirty water
from streams on the roadside.
from streams on the roadside.
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prljavom vodom iz potočića sa ivičnjaka.
01:26
Watching these kids
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Gledajući ovu djecu,
01:28
forced to drink water
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primoranu da piju vodu
01:30
that I felt was too dirty to touch
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za koju sam mislila da je
previše prljava da bi se dodirnula,
previše prljava da bi se dodirnula,
01:33
changed my perspective on the world.
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promijenilo se moje viđenje svijeta.
01:37
This unacceptable social injustice
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Ova neprihvatljiva društvena nepravda
01:40
compelled me to want to find a solution
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je kod mene izazvala želju
za pronalaženjem rješenja
za pronalaženjem rješenja
01:43
to our world's clean water problem.
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za svjetski problem čiste vode.
01:46
I wanted to know
why these kids lacked water,
why these kids lacked water,
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Željela sam da znam zašto
ovoj djeci nedostaje voda,
ovoj djeci nedostaje voda,
01:50
a substance that is essential for life.
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supstanca koja je ključna za život.
01:53
And I learned that we are facing
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I saznala sam da se suočavamo
01:55
a global water crisis.
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sa globalnom krizom nedostatka vode.
01:58
Now, this may seem surprising,
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Ovo vas možda iznenađuje,
02:00
as 75 percent of our planet
is covered in water,
is covered in water,
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jer je 75% naše planete pokriveno vodom,
02:04
but only 2.5 percent
of that is freshwater,
of that is freshwater,
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ali je od toga samo 2,5% svježa voda,
02:08
and less than one percent
of Earth's freshwater supply
of Earth's freshwater supply
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a manje od 1%
zemljinih zaliha svježe vode
zemljinih zaliha svježe vode
02:12
is available for human consumption.
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je dostupno ljudima za korišćenje.
02:15
With rising populations,
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Uz rastući broj stanovnika,
02:17
industrial development
and economic growth,
and economic growth,
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industrijski razvoj i ekonomski rast,
02:20
our demand for clean water is increasing,
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naša potražnja
za čistom vodom se povećava,
za čistom vodom se povećava,
02:23
yet our freshwater resources
are rapidly depleting.
are rapidly depleting.
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ali se naši izvori svježe vode
ubrzano smanjuju.
ubrzano smanjuju.
02:27
According to the
World Health Organization,
World Health Organization,
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Prema Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji,
02:30
660 million people in our world
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660 miliona ljudi u svijetu
02:34
lack access to a clean water source.
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nema pristup izvoru čiste vode.
02:37
Lack of access to clean water
is a leading cause of death
is a leading cause of death
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U zemljama u razvoju,
nedostatak pristupa čistoj vodi
nedostatak pristupa čistoj vodi
02:41
in children under the age of five
in developing countries,
in developing countries,
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je glavni uzrok smrti
kod djece mlađe od 5 godina,
kod djece mlađe od 5 godina,
02:44
and UNICEF estimates that 3,000 children
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a UNICEF procjenjuje da 3000 djece
02:47
die every day from
a water-related disease.
a water-related disease.
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umire svakog dana
od zaraza povezanih s vodom.
od zaraza povezanih s vodom.
02:52
So after returning home
one summer in eighth grade,
one summer in eighth grade,
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Tako sam nakon povratka kući
jednog ljeta u osmom razredu
jednog ljeta u osmom razredu
02:55
I decided that I wanted
to combine my passion
to combine my passion
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odlučila da želim da spojim svoju strast
02:58
for solving the global water crisis
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za rješavanjem globalne krize vode
03:00
with my interest in science.
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sa mojim interesovanjem za nauku.
03:03
So I decided that the best thing to do
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Tako sam odlučila da bi bilo najbolje
03:05
would be to convert my garage
into a laboratory.
into a laboratory.
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da pretvorim svoju garažu u laboratoriju.
03:11
(Laughter)
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(smijeh)
03:13
Actually, at first I converted
my kitchen into a laboratory,
my kitchen into a laboratory,
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Ustvari, prvo sam pretvorila
svoju kuhinju u laboratoriju,
svoju kuhinju u laboratoriju,
03:17
but my parents didn't really approve
and kicked me out.
and kicked me out.
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ali to moji roditelji i nisu odobravali
i izbacili su me odatle.
i izbacili su me odatle.
03:21
I also read a lot of journal papers
on water-related research,
on water-related research,
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Takođe sam pročitala mnogo novinskih
članaka u vezi sa ispitivanjima vode
članaka u vezi sa ispitivanjima vode
03:25
and I learned that currently
in developing countries,
in developing countries,
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i saznala da trenutno u zemljama u razvoju
03:28
something called solar disinfection,
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nešto što se zove
solarna dezinfekcija, ili SODIS,
solarna dezinfekcija, ili SODIS,
03:31
or SODIS, is used to purify water.
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se koristi za prečišćavanje vode.
03:35
In SODIS, clear plastic bottles
are filled with contaminated water
are filled with contaminated water
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U SODIS-u, čiste plastične flaše
se pune zagađenom vodom
se pune zagađenom vodom
03:39
and then exposed to sunlight
for six to eight hours.
for six to eight hours.
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i izlažu sunčevoj svjetlosti
u trajanju šest do osam sati.
u trajanju šest do osam sati.
03:43
The UV radiation from the sun
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Sunčevo UV zračenje
03:45
destroys the DNA
of these harmful pathogens
of these harmful pathogens
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uništava DNK ovih štetnih patogena
03:49
and decontaminates the water.
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i pročišćava vodu.
03:51
Now, while SODIS is really easy to use
and energy-efficient,
and energy-efficient,
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Iako je SODIS zaista lak za korišćenje
i energetski efikasan,
i energetski efikasan,
03:55
as it only uses solar energy,
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jer koristi samo solarnu energiju,
03:57
it's really slow,
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veoma je spor,
03:59
as it can take up to two days
when it's cloudy.
when it's cloudy.
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jer proces traje i do dva dana
kada je oblačno.
kada je oblačno.
04:02
So in order to make
the SODIS process faster,
the SODIS process faster,
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Stoga, kako bi se ubrzao SODIS proces,
04:06
this new method called photocatalysis
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u posljednje vrijeme se koristi
nova metoda
nova metoda
04:09
has recently been used.
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koja se naziva fotokataliza.
04:11
So what exactly is this photocatalysis?
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Šta je tačno fotokataliza?
04:14
Let's break it down:
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Raščlanimo ovaj pojam:
04:15
"photo" means from the sun,
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''foto'' znači ''iz sunca'',
04:17
and a catalyst is something
that speeds up a reaction.
that speeds up a reaction.
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a ''kataliza'' je nešto
što ubrzava reakciju.
što ubrzava reakciju.
04:21
So what photocatalysis is doing
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Zapravo, fotokataliza samo ubrzava
04:23
is it's just speeding up
this solar disinfection process.
this solar disinfection process.
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ovaj proces solarne dezinfekcije.
04:27
When sunlight comes in
and strikes a photocatalyst,
and strikes a photocatalyst,
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Kada uđe svjetlost i dođe
u kontakt sa fotokatalizatorom,
u kontakt sa fotokatalizatorom,
04:30
like TiO2, or titanium dioxide,
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kao što je TiO2, ili titanijum-dioksid,
04:34
it creates these
really reactive oxygen species,
really reactive oxygen species,
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stvaraju se veoma reaktivne
vrste kiseonika,
vrste kiseonika,
04:37
like superoxides, hydrogen peroxide
and hydroxyl radicals.
and hydroxyl radicals.
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kao što su superoksidi,
vodonik peroksid i radikali hidroksila.
vodonik peroksid i radikali hidroksila.
04:42
These reactive oxygen species
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Ove reaktivne vrste kiseonika
04:44
are able to remove bacteria and organics
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mogu iz pijaće vode da uklone
bakterije i organske materije,
bakterije i organske materije,
04:47
and a whole lot of contaminants
from drinking water.
from drinking water.
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kao i cijeli niz materija
koje zagađuju vodu.
koje zagađuju vodu.
04:51
But unfortunately,
there are several disadvantages
there are several disadvantages
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Ali, nažalost,
postoji nekoliko nedostataka
postoji nekoliko nedostataka
04:55
to the way photocatalytic SODIS
is currently deployed.
is currently deployed.
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u načinu na koji se trenutno koristi
fotokatalitički SODIS.
fotokatalitički SODIS.
04:59
See, what they do is they take
the clear plastic bottles
the clear plastic bottles
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Zapravo se dešava sljedeće -
uzimaju se čiste plastične flaše
uzimaju se čiste plastične flaše
05:02
and they coat the inside
with this photocatalytic coating.
with this photocatalytic coating.
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i unutrašnjost se prekriva
ovim fotokatalitičkim omotačem.
ovim fotokatalitičkim omotačem.
05:07
But photocatalysts like titanium dioxide
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Ali fotokatalizatori,
kao što je titanijum dioksid,
kao što je titanijum dioksid,
05:10
are actually commonly used in sunscreens
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zapravo se uobičajeno koriste
u kremama za sunčanje,
u kremama za sunčanje,
05:13
to block UV radiation.
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kako bi blokirali UV zračenje.
05:15
So when they're coated
on the inside of these bottles,
on the inside of these bottles,
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Zato, kada se postave
u unutrašnjost ovih flaša,
u unutrašnjost ovih flaša,
05:18
they're actually blocking
some of the UV radiation
some of the UV radiation
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oni zapravo blokiraju
jedan dio UV zračenja
jedan dio UV zračenja
05:21
and diminishing the efficiency
of the process.
of the process.
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i smanjuju efikasnost procesa.
05:24
Also, these photocatalytic coatings
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Takođe, ovi fotokalitički omotači
05:26
are not tightly bound
to the plastic bottle,
to the plastic bottle,
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nijesu čvrsto zalijepljeni
za plastične flaše,
za plastične flaše,
05:29
which means they wash off,
and people end up drinking the catalyst.
and people end up drinking the catalyst.
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što znači da se spiraju
i da na kraju ljudi piju katalizator.
i da na kraju ljudi piju katalizator.
05:34
While TiO2 is safe and inert,
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Iako je TiO2 bezbjedan i inertan,
05:37
it's really inefficient
if you keep drinking the catalyst,
if you keep drinking the catalyst,
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on je neefikasan ukoliko nastavite
da pijete katalizator,
da pijete katalizator,
05:39
because then you have
to continue to replenish it,
to continue to replenish it,
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zato što morate da nastavite
da ga dopunjavate,
da ga dopunjavate,
05:42
even after a few uses.
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čak i nakon nekoliko upotreba.
05:44
So my goal was
to overcome the disadvantages
to overcome the disadvantages
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Zato je moj cilj bio
da prevaziđem nedostatke
da prevaziđem nedostatke
05:47
of these current treatment methods
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ovih sadašnjih metoda
prečišćavanja vode
prečišćavanja vode
05:49
and create a safe, sustainable,
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i da stvorim bezbjedni, održivi,
05:52
cost-effective and eco-friendly
method of purifying water.
method of purifying water.
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isplativi način prečišćavanja vode,
pogodan za životnu sredinu.
pogodan za životnu sredinu.
05:57
What started off as an eighth grade
science fair project
science fair project
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Ono što je počelo u osmom razredu
kao projekat za sajam nauke,
kao projekat za sajam nauke,
06:00
is now my photocatalytic composite
for water purification.
for water purification.
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sada je moja fotokatalitička mješavina
za prečišćavanje vode.
za prečišćavanje vode.
06:05
The composite combines
titanium dioxide with cement.
titanium dioxide with cement.
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Ona kombinuje titanijum dioksid
sa cementom.
sa cementom.
06:09
The cement-like composite can be formed
into several different shapes,
into several different shapes,
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Mješavina nalik na cement može
se formirati u nekoliko različitih oblika,
se formirati u nekoliko različitih oblika,
06:13
which results in an extremely
versatile range of deployment methods.
versatile range of deployment methods.
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što za posljedicu ima izuzetno raznovrsan
niz metoda za njenu upotrebu.
niz metoda za njenu upotrebu.
06:18
For example, you could create a rod
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Na primjer, možete da napravite šipku
06:20
that can easily be placed
inside water bottles for individual use
inside water bottles for individual use
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koja se može lako smjestiti
u flaše vode za individualnu upotrebu,
u flaše vode za individualnu upotrebu,
06:24
or you could create a porous filter
that can filter water for families.
that can filter water for families.
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ili možete napraviti porozni filter
koji može prečišćavati vodu za porodice.
koji može prečišćavati vodu za porodice.
06:29
You can even coat the inside
of an existing water tank
of an existing water tank
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Možete čak i obložiti unutrašnjost
postojećeg rezervoara za vodu,
postojećeg rezervoara za vodu,
kako bi se pročistile veće količine vode
06:33
to purify larger amounts of water
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06:35
for communities
over a longer period of time.
over a longer period of time.
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za zajednice, na duži vremenski period.
06:39
Now, over the course of this,
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U svemu ovome,
06:41
my journey hasn't really been easy.
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prešla sam nimalo lak put.
06:44
You know, I didn't have access
to a sophisticated laboratory.
to a sophisticated laboratory.
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Znate, nijesam imala pristup
sofisticiranoj laboratoriji.
sofisticiranoj laboratoriji.
06:47
I was 14 years old when I started,
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Imala sam 14 godina kada sam započela,
06:51
but I didn't let my age deter me
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ali nijesam dopustila godinama
da me spriječe
da me spriječe
06:53
in my interest
in pursuing scientific research
in pursuing scientific research
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u mom nastojanju da pronađem
naučno rješenje
naučno rješenje
06:56
and wanting to solve
the global water crisis.
the global water crisis.
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i mojoj želji da riješim
globalnu krizu vode.
globalnu krizu vode.
06:59
See, water isn't
just the universal solvent.
just the universal solvent.
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Vidite, voda nije samo
univerzalni rastvarač.
univerzalni rastvarač.
07:03
Water is a universal human right.
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Voda je univerzalno ljudsko pravo.
07:07
And for that reason,
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I iz tog razloga,
07:08
I'm continuing to work
on this science fair project from 2012
on this science fair project from 2012
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nastavljam da radim
na ovom naučnom projektu od 2012. godine,
na ovom naučnom projektu od 2012. godine,
07:12
to bring it from the laboratory
into the real world.
into the real world.
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kako bih ga iz laboratorije
prenijela u stvarni svijet.
prenijela u stvarni svijet.
07:15
And this summer,
I founded Catalyst for World Water,
I founded Catalyst for World Water,
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I zato sam ovog ljeta osnovala
Katalizator za svjetsku vodu,
Katalizator za svjetsku vodu,
07:19
a social enterprise aimed at catalyzing
solutions to the global water crisis.
solutions to the global water crisis.
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društveno preduzeće koje ima za cilj
kataliziranje rješenja
za globalnu krizu vode.
za globalnu krizu vode.
07:25
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
07:32
Alone, a single drop of water
can't do much,
can't do much,
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Sama za sebe, jedna kap vode
ne može da učini mnogo,
ne može da učini mnogo,
07:36
but when many drops come together,
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ali kada se spoji mnogo kapi,
07:38
they can sustain life on our planet.
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one mogu održati život na našoj planeti.
07:42
Just as water drops
come together to form oceans,
come together to form oceans,
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Baš kao što se kapi vode spajaju
kako bi stvorile okeane,
kako bi stvorile okeane,
07:45
I believe that we all must come together
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vjerujem da svi mi moramo da se udružimo
07:48
when tackling this global problem.
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dok pokušavamo da riješimo
globalni problem.
globalni problem.
07:51
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
07:52
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
07:55
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
(Aplauz)
07:57
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Deepika Kurup - Inventor, student scientistWater is the basis of life, and too many people around the world suffer from waterborne illnesses. Deepika Kurup is working to change that.
Why you should listen
Deepika Kurup is a scientist, speaker, social entrepreneur and student at Harvard University. She has been passionate about solving the global water crisis ever since she was in middle school. After witnessing children in India drinking dirty water, Kurup developed a water purification system that harnesses solar energy to remove contaminants from water.
Recognized as "America’s Top Young Scientist" in 2012, Kurup won the grand prize in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge. In 2014 she was honored with the "United States President's Environmental Youth Award" and represented the United States in Stockholm, Sweden at the international Stockholm Junior Water Prize. Most recently Kurup was named one of the Forbes' "30 Under 30: Energy" and was the National Geographic Explorer Award Winner in the 2015 Google Science Fair. She attended the 2016 (and 2013) White House Science Fair. Currently she is CEO and founder Catalyst for World Water, a social enterprise aimed at deploying the technology she developed in water-scarce areas.
Along with research, Kurup is passionate about STEM education, and she feels that STEM education has the power to revolutionize the world. In her free time, she enjoys giving talks and writing articles to encourage students all around the world to pursue science, technology, engineering and math, and to increase awareness of the global water crisis. She has been invited to speak at schools, international conferences and the United Nations.
Deepika Kurup | Speaker | TED.com