TEDWomen 2017
Nancy Rabalais: The "dead zone" of the Gulf of Mexico
南希·拉巴莱斯: 墨西哥湾的“死亡区”
Filmed:
Readability: 3.8
1,211,268 views
海洋学专家南希·拉巴莱斯持续研究了墨西哥湾的“死亡区”——很不吉利的名字，这里的水中没有足够的氧气供生命存活。墨西哥湾拥有世界上第二大的死亡区，除了杀死鱼类与甲壳类动物以外，它也终结了这里的渔业活动。拉巴莱斯告诉了我们“死亡区”的形成原因，以及我们怎么改善这个不利局面，来复原美国的这一自然宝藏。
Nancy Rabalais - Marine scientist, educator
Nancy Rabalais has studied coastal marine ecosystems for more than 40 years now and loves to share that knowledge. Full bio
Nancy Rabalais has studied coastal marine ecosystems for more than 40 years now and loves to share that knowledge. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Good evening, welcome to New Orleans.
0
1040
3176
晚上好，欢迎来到新奥尔良。
我不知道你们是否了解，
00:16
I don't know if you knew this,
1
4240
1536
离在座各位15分钟路程之内
是世界上最长的河流之一：
是世界上最长的河流之一：
00:17
but you are sitting within 15 minutes
of one of the largest rivers in the world:
of one of the largest rivers in the world:
2
5800
6336
密西西比河。
00:24
the Mississippi river.
3
12160
1280
00:26
Old Man River, Big Muddy.
4
14360
2440
又称老人河，或大泥泞。
00:29
And it goes as far north
as the state of Minnesota,
as the state of Minnesota,
5
17560
4496
北达明尼苏达州，
东达纽约州，
00:34
as far east as the state of New York,
6
22080
4336
西达蒙大拿。
00:38
as far west as Montana.
7
26440
3656
在距离这100英里的地方，
00:42
And 100 miles from here, river miles,
8
30120
3336
00:45
it empties its fresh water and sediments
into the Gulf of Mexico.
into the Gulf of Mexico.
9
33480
4600
它的淡水与沉积物，
全部流入到墨西哥湾。
全部流入到墨西哥湾。
00:51
That's the end of Geography 101.
10
39080
3176
好了，地理问答到此结束。
（笑声）
00:54
(Laughter)
11
42280
1096
现在我们要来讲讲水里有什么。
00:55
Now we're going to go
to what is in that water.
to what is in that water.
12
43400
3936
除了沉积物之外，
一些微粒、氮和磷都溶解在水里。
一些微粒、氮和磷都溶解在水里。
00:59
Besides the sediment, there are dissolved
molecules, nitrogen and phosphorus.
molecules, nitrogen and phosphorus.
13
47360
5960
01:06
And those, through a biological process,
14
54120
3160
这些物质经由生物学上的变化，
01:10
lead to the formation
of areas called dead zones.
of areas called dead zones.
15
58600
5200
形成了所谓的“死亡区”。
01:16
Now, dead zone is a quite ominous word
16
64400
4160
如果你是鱼或者螃蟹的话，
01:21
if you're a fish or a crab.
17
69880
2056
死亡区就是个很不吉利的词。
（笑声）
01:23
(Laughter)
18
71960
1536
甚至是沉积物中的一只小虫子。
01:25
Even a little worm in the sediments.
19
73520
2976
我的意思是，
水里没有足够的氧气，
水里没有足够的氧气，
01:28
Which means that there's not enough oxygen
20
76520
3056
供这些动物们生存。
01:31
for those animals to survive.
21
79600
2640
01:35
So, how does this happen?
22
83680
1736
所以，这个问题是怎么发生的呢？
氮和磷，
01:37
The nitrogen and the phosphorus
23
85440
2216
促进了一种叫做
浮游植物的微观植物的生长。
浮游植物的微观植物的生长。
01:39
stimulate the growth of microscopic plants
called phytoplankton.
called phytoplankton.
24
87680
4960
01:45
And small animals called zooplankton
eat the phytoplankton,
eat the phytoplankton,
25
93760
5576
叫做浮游动物的小生物吃浮游植物，
小鱼吃浮游动物，大鱼吃小鱼，
01:51
small fish eat the zooplankton,
large fish eat the small fish
large fish eat the small fish
26
99360
3936
由此形成了整个食物网。
01:55
and it goes on up into the food web.
27
103320
2776
问题在于，现在有太多的氮和磷，
01:58
The problem is that there's just too much
nitrogen and phosphorus right now,
nitrogen and phosphorus right now,
28
106120
4536
太多的浮游植物沉入水底，
02:02
too much phytoplankton
falling to the bottom
falling to the bottom
29
110680
3216
被细菌分解的过程中耗尽了氧气。
02:05
and decomposed by bacteria
that use up the oxygen.
that use up the oxygen.
30
113920
5496
这是从生物学的角度来说。
02:11
That's the biology.
31
119440
1760
02:13
Now, you can't see it
from the surface of the water,
from the surface of the water,
32
121880
3376
现在，你在水面上看不到死亡区，
在卫星图片上也看不到，
02:17
you can't see it in satellite images,
33
125280
2456
所以我们怎么知道它的存在呢？
02:19
so how do we know it's there?
34
127760
2176
渔船的捕鱼人就能告诉你，
02:21
Well, a trawler can tell you,
35
129960
2776
当她撒网并拖行20分钟
02:24
when she puts her net over the side
and drags for 20 minutes
and drags for 20 minutes
36
132760
4336
仍然一无所获的时候，
02:29
and comes up empty,
37
137120
1816
她就明白它在死亡区了。
02:30
that she knows she's in the dead zone.
38
138960
2296
而她必须去其他地方。
02:33
And she has to go somewhere else.
39
141280
2336
但是，如果这片区域有
8000平方英里大，还能去哪里呢？
8000平方英里大，还能去哪里呢？
02:35
But where else do you go
if this area is 8,000 square miles big?
if this area is 8,000 square miles big?
40
143640
5856
大概和新泽西州差不多大。
02:41
About the size of the state of New Jersey.
41
149520
2440
02:44
Well, you either make
a decision to go further,
a decision to go further,
42
152880
4256
所以，你要么决定去更远的地方，
而没有太多经济报酬，
02:49
without much economic return,
43
157160
2296
要么就回到码头。
02:51
or go back to the dock.
44
159480
1480
02:54
As a scientist, I have access
to high-tech equipment
to high-tech equipment
45
162160
3936
作为一名科学家，
我曾经使用高科技设备，
我曾经使用高科技设备，
我们把设备放置在考察船的一侧，
02:58
that we can put over the side
of the research vessel,
of the research vessel,
46
166120
2856
它就能测量出氧气含量
和许多其他数据。
和许多其他数据。
03:01
and it measures oxygen
and many more things.
and many more things.
47
169000
2856
我们从密西西比河开始，
03:03
We start at the Mississippi River,
48
171880
2296
穿过墨西哥湾，
一直到德克萨斯州，
一直到德克萨斯州，
03:06
we crisscross the Gulf of Mexico
all the way to Texas,
all the way to Texas,
49
174200
4496
我有时甚至溜进德州，
测量一下他们的水体。
测量一下他们的水体。
03:10
and even I sneak into Texas
every now and then and test their waters.
every now and then and test their waters.
50
178720
4640
03:16
And you can tell by the bottom oxygen --
51
184560
3736
通过水底氧气就可以判断出——
你可以画张地图，
记录所有数量小于2的东西，
记录所有数量小于2的东西，
03:20
you can draw a map
of everything that's less than two,
of everything that's less than two,
52
188320
3176
这个魔力的数字代表着，
鱼类开始离开这片区域的地方。
鱼类开始离开这片区域的地方。
03:23
which is the magic number
for when the fish start to leave the area.
for when the fish start to leave the area.
53
191520
5680
03:29
I also dive in this dead zone.
54
197880
2080
我也会潜入这个死亡区。
03:33
We have oxygen meters
that we have to deploy offshore
that we have to deploy offshore
55
201000
4016
我们有氧气测量仪，
但必须要离岸才能部署，
但必须要离岸才能部署，
氧气测量仪会持续地告诉我们
氧气含量是高是低。
氧气含量是高是低。
03:37
that tell us continuous measurements
of low oxygen or high oxygen.
of low oxygen or high oxygen.
56
205040
4400
03:42
And when you get into the water,
there's a lot of fish.
there's a lot of fish.
57
210360
3576
而当你刚进入水中的时候，
会发现很多鱼，
会发现很多鱼，
数不清的鱼，各种各样的鱼，
03:45
Tons of fish, all kinds of fish,
58
213960
1896
包括我的伙计，
我之前遇到的一条梭鱼。
我之前遇到的一条梭鱼。
03:47
including my buddy here,
the barracuda that I saw one day.
the barracuda that I saw one day.
59
215880
4216
我带着我的相机
跟它们朝一个方向游。
跟它们朝一个方向游。
03:52
Everybody else swam this way
and I went this way with my camera.
and I went this way with my camera.
60
220120
4376
（笑声）
03:56
(Laughter)
61
224520
1016
然后，在水深30英尺的地方，
你看到的鱼开始变少了。
你看到的鱼开始变少了。
03:57
And then, down at 30 feet
you start to see fewer fish.
you start to see fewer fish.
62
225560
4616
而当你到达水底的时候，
04:02
And then you get to the bottom.
63
230200
2176
一条鱼也看不到。
04:04
And you don't see any fish.
64
232400
2216
在海底上没有任何生命，
更没有生物在周围游动。
更没有生物在周围游动。
04:06
There's no life on the platform,
there's no life swimming around.
there's no life swimming around.
65
234640
4656
然后你就知道，你已身在死亡区了。
04:11
And you know you're in the dead zone.
66
239320
2480
04:15
So, what's the connection
between the middle of the United States
between the middle of the United States
67
243000
4296
所以，美国中部与墨西哥湾之间
有什么联系呢？
04:19
and the Gulf of Mexico?
68
247320
2096
大部分流域都布满农田。
04:21
Well, most of the watershed is farmland.
69
249440
3360
04:25
And in particular, corn-soybean rotation.
70
253720
3760
尤其是玉米与大豆的轮种田。
04:30
The nitrogen that is put in fertilizers
and the phosphorus goes on the land
and the phosphorus goes on the land
71
258959
5657
肥料中的氮和磷成分进入土地，
然后排出到密西西比河中，
04:36
and drains off into the Mississippi River
72
264640
2976
最后进入墨西哥湾。
04:39
and ends up in the Gulf of Mexico.
73
267640
2200
04:42
There's three times more
nitrogen in the water
nitrogen in the water
74
270440
4816
现在密西西比河水的氮含量，
是以前的3倍，
04:47
in the Mississippi now,
75
275280
1776
与上世纪50年代相比。
04:49
than there was in the 1950s.
76
277080
2216
3倍啊。
04:51
Three times.
77
279320
1416
而磷含量则是以前的两倍。
04:52
And phosphorus has doubled.
78
280760
2016
这意味着更多的浮游植物、
更多的沉船、更低的含氧量。
更多的沉船、更低的含氧量。
04:54
And what that means is more phytoplankton
and more sinking sails and lower oxygen.
and more sinking sails and lower oxygen.
79
282800
5080
05:00
This is not a natural feature of the Gulf;
it's been caused by human activities.
it's been caused by human activities.
80
288520
4480
这不是墨西哥湾的自然特征；
这是人类活动导致的。
这是人类活动导致的。
05:06
The landscape is not what it used to be.
81
294040
2616
风景也与以前大不一样。
这里以前是草原、
森林、草原坑洞、
森林、草原坑洞、
05:08
It used to be prairies and forests
and prairie potholes
and prairie potholes
82
296680
4936
也是鸭子栖息地等地方。
05:13
and duck areas and all kinds of stuff.
83
301640
4096
但现在不再是这些地方了，
这里现在是行栽作物的区域。
这里现在是行栽作物的区域。
05:17
But not anymore -- it's row crops.
84
305760
2280
05:20
And there are ways that we can address
this type of agriculture
this type of agriculture
85
308760
4976
我们有许多方式
解决这类农业问题，
解决这类农业问题，
比如减少化肥使用，
或许选择精准施肥。
或许选择精准施肥。
05:25
by using less fertilizer,
maybe precision fertilizing.
maybe precision fertilizing.
86
313760
5296
还可以尝试一些可持续农业的方法，
05:31
And trying some sustainable agriculture
87
319080
3416
比如种植多年生麦草，
因为它们的根系更加强壮，
因为它们的根系更加强壮，
05:34
such as perennial wheatgrass,
which has much longer roots
which has much longer roots
88
322520
4536
比6英寸的玉米根还要长，
05:39
than the six inches of a corn plant,
89
327080
2616
这些根能够保存土壤中的氮，
并且防止土壤的流失。
并且防止土壤的流失。
05:41
that can keep the nitrogen on the soil
and keep the soil from running off.
and keep the soil from running off.
90
329720
4600
05:47
And how do we convince
our neighbors to the north,
our neighbors to the north,
91
335320
4016
而我们要怎样说服我们北边的邻居，
那些住在1000英里开外的邻居，
让他们相信，
让他们相信，
05:51
maybe 1,000 miles away or more,
92
339360
3376
他们的活动
导致墨西哥湾的水质出现问题？
导致墨西哥湾的水质出现问题？
05:54
that their activities are causing problems
with water quality in the Gulf of Mexico?
with water quality in the Gulf of Mexico?
93
342760
6040
06:01
First of all, we can take them
to their own backyard.
to their own backyard.
94
349760
3136
首先，我们可以把他们
带到他们的后院。
带到他们的后院。
如果你想在威斯康星州的夏天
在你最喜爱的水坑里
在你最喜爱的水坑里
06:04
If you want to go swimming
in Wisconsin in the summer
in Wisconsin in the summer
95
352920
3576
游泳的话，
06:08
in your favorite watering hole,
96
356520
1800
06:11
you might find something like this
97
359200
3216
你可能会发现些像这样的东西，
它们看起来就像
溢出来的绿油漆，闻起来也像，
溢出来的绿油漆，闻起来也像，
06:14
which looks like spilled green paint
and smells like it,
and smells like it,
98
362440
4496
在水面上生长。
06:18
growing on the surface of the water.
99
366960
2536
这是一种有毒的蓝绿色藻花，
06:21
This is a toxic blue-green algal bloom
100
369520
3856
这对身体有害。
06:25
and it is not good for you.
101
373400
3040
06:29
Similarly, in Lake Erie,
couple of summers ago
couple of summers ago
102
377480
4136
与之相似的，
几年前的夏天，
几年前的夏天，
伊利湖有上百英里这样的蓝绿色海藻，
06:33
there was hundreds of miles
of this blue-green algae
of this blue-green algae
103
381640
3896
导致俄亥俄州的托莱多市，
连续数日
连续数日
06:37
and the city of Toledo, Ohio,
couldn't use it for their drinking water
couldn't use it for their drinking water
104
385560
4336
不能将其作为饮用水饮用。
06:41
for several days on end.
105
389920
1856
你如果看新闻的话就会知道，
06:43
And if you watch the news,
106
391800
1736
那时有很多社区
都面临着饮用水无法饮用问题。
都面临着饮用水无法饮用问题。
06:45
you know that lots of communities
are having trouble with drinking water.
are having trouble with drinking water.
107
393560
5920
06:53
I'm a scientist.
108
401440
1736
我是一名科学家。
我不知道你们能不能看得出来。
06:55
I don't know if you could tell that.
109
403200
2096
（笑声）
06:57
(Laughter)
110
405320
1240
07:01
And I do solid science,
I publish my results,
I publish my results,
111
409560
4096
我进行了严谨的科学研究，
发表了研究结果，
发表了研究结果，
我的同事们会去研读，
我的成果也会被引用。
我的成果也会被引用。
07:05
my colleagues read them,
I get citations of my work.
I get citations of my work.
112
413680
4400
07:10
But I truly believe that, as a scientist,
113
418840
3880
但是我坚实地相信，作为一名
07:15
using mostly federal funds
to do the research,
to do the research,
114
423680
4976
主要用联邦资金进行研究的科学家，
这些成就应归功于社会工作，
07:20
I owe it to the public,
115
428680
3136
机构负责人，国会议员们，
07:23
to agency heads and congressional people
116
431840
3496
我应该将这些知识分享给他们。
07:27
to share my knowledge with them
117
435360
2576
希望他们利用这些知识，
制定出更好的
制定出更好的
07:29
so they can use it,
hopefully to make better decisions
hopefully to make better decisions
118
437960
3896
环境政策。
07:33
about our environmental policy.
119
441880
2160
07:36
(Applause)
120
444440
1976
（掌声）
谢谢。
07:38
Thank you.
121
446440
1256
（掌声）
07:39
(Applause)
122
447720
3696
为了实现这一目的，
我能做的一件事是借助媒体的力量。
我能做的一件事是借助媒体的力量。
07:43
One of the ways that I was able to do this
is I brought in the media.
is I brought in the media.
123
451440
4456
《华盛顿邮报》的乔比·瓦里克，
07:47
And Joby Warrick
from the "Washington Post"
from the "Washington Post"
124
455920
4416
把这张照片放在一篇文章中，
07:52
put this picture in an article
125
460360
2976
刊登在了周日早晨的头版，
距离中折线2英寸的地方。
距离中折线2英寸的地方。
07:55
on the front page, Sunday morning,
two inches above the fold.
two inches above the fold.
126
463360
4000
08:00
That's a big deal.
127
468160
2256
这是一件了不起的事。
来自路易斯安那州的参议员
约翰·布鲁说：
约翰·布鲁说：
08:02
And Senator John Breaux, from Louisiana,
128
470440
3256
“我的天，他们觉得墨西哥湾
看起来是这样的？”
看起来是这样的？”
08:05
said, "Oh my gosh, that's what they think
the Gulf of Mexico looks like?"
the Gulf of Mexico looks like?"
129
473720
4216
我说：“是的，这就是证据。”
08:09
And I said, "Well, you know,
there's the proof."
there's the proof."
130
477960
2656
我们必须要为此做些什么。
08:12
And we've go to do something about it.
131
480640
2696
与此同时，来自缅因州的
奥林匹亚·斯诺威议员，
奥林匹亚·斯诺威议员，
08:15
At the same time,
Senator Olympia Snowe from Maine
Senator Olympia Snowe from Maine
132
483360
4736
正在处理缅因湾的
有害藻花问题。
有害藻花问题。
08:20
was having trouble with harmful
algal blooms in the Gulf of Maine.
algal blooms in the Gulf of Maine.
133
488120
3896
他们二人协力合作——两党都支持——
08:24
They joined forces -- it was bipartisan --
134
492040
3896
（笑声）
08:27
(Laughter)
135
495960
1296
（掌声）
08:29
(Applause)
136
497280
2456
并且邀请我去国会作证，
08:31
And invited me to give
congressional testimony,
congressional testimony,
137
499760
2896
我说：“哦，我一直做的不过是
在德州南部追螃蟹，
在德州南部追螃蟹，
08:34
and I said, "Oh, all I've done
is chase crabs around south Texas,
is chase crabs around south Texas,
138
502680
3056
我不知道怎么作证。”
08:37
I don't know how to do that."
139
505760
1416
（笑声）
08:39
(Laughter)
140
507200
1216
但我还是去了。
08:40
But I did it.
141
508440
1216
（欢呼声）
最终，法案通过了，
08:41
(Cheers)
142
509680
1496
08:43
And eventually, the bill passed.
143
511200
1575
它被称作——是的，太好了！
08:44
And it was called -- yeah, yay!
144
512799
2697
它被称作，
08:47
It was called The Harmful Algal Bloom
145
515520
3096
1998年有害藻花及低氧研究控制法案。
08:50
and Hypoxia Research
and Control Act of 1998.
and Control Act of 1998.
146
518640
4696
（笑声）
08:55
(Laughter)
147
523360
1456
（掌声）
08:56
(Applause)
148
524840
3336
谢谢。
09:00
Thank you.
149
528200
1216
这也是为什么我们把它叫做
“斯诺威-布鲁法案”。
“斯诺威-布鲁法案”。
09:01
Which is why we call it
the Snowe-Breaux Bill.
the Snowe-Breaux Bill.
150
529440
2496
（笑声）
09:03
(Laughter)
151
531960
1200
09:06
The other thing is
that we had a conference in 2001
that we had a conference in 2001
152
534400
6520
另一件事是，
我们在2001年开了一次会议，
我们在2001年开了一次会议，
09:13
that was put on by
the National Academy of Sciences
the National Academy of Sciences
153
541800
2776
会议由美国国家科学院举办，
主要探讨了肥料，
氮和水质恶化问题。
氮和水质恶化问题。
09:16
that looked at fertilizers,
nitrogen and poor water quality.
nitrogen and poor water quality.
154
544600
4320
09:21
Our plenary speaker
was the former governor
was the former governor
155
549880
3616
我们的发言代表是新泽西州的，
前任州长。
09:25
of the state of New Jersey.
156
553520
1840
09:28
And she ...
157
556640
2136
她……
当她凝视观众的时候，
没人质疑她不是严肃的，
没人质疑她不是严肃的，
09:30
There was no thinking she wasn't serious
when she peered at the audience,
when she peered at the audience,
158
558800
4856
然后我想：“她一定是在看我。”
09:35
and I thought,
"Surely she's looking at me."
"Surely she's looking at me."
159
563680
3136
“你知道，我真的讨厌听到
新泽西州的这个名字，
新泽西州的这个名字，
09:38
"You know, I'm really tired
of this thing being called New Jersey.
of this thing being called New Jersey.
160
566840
4016
换一个州，任何州都行，
我真的不想再听到新泽西了。”
我真的不想再听到新泽西了。”
09:42
Pick another state, any state,
I just don't want to hear it anymore."
I just don't want to hear it anymore."
161
570880
3856
但是她能够把行动计划
09:46
But she was able to move the action plan
162
574760
3656
放在布什总统的办公桌上，
09:50
across President George H.W. Bush's desk
163
578440
5696
使得我们树立起环境保护目标，
09:56
so that we had environmental goals
164
584160
2560
09:59
and that we were working to solve them.
165
587960
1960
并为实现目标努力去解决问题。
10:04
The Midwest does not feed the world.
166
592000
3040
中西部地区不能养活全世界。
10:07
It feeds a lot of chickens, hogs, cattle
167
595880
5736
但它能饲养很多鸡、猪、牛，
并生产出，
10:13
and it generates ethanol
168
601640
2256
加入汽油中的乙醇，
10:15
to put into our gasoline,
169
603920
2376
这是按联邦政策进行管理的。
10:18
which is regulated by federal policy.
170
606320
3000
10:22
We can do better than this.
171
610160
1480
我们可以做得更好。
10:25
We need to make decisions
172
613400
2240
我们需要做出决定，
10:28
that make us less consumptive
173
616880
4120
为了减少消耗，
10:34
and reduce our reliance on nitrogen.
174
622840
4240
降低我们对于氮的依赖。
10:39
It's like a carbon footprint.
175
627920
2176
就像是碳足迹一样。
但你可以减少你的氮足迹。
10:42
But you can reduce
your nitrogen footprint.
your nitrogen footprint.
176
630120
3016
我的方法是少吃些肉——
10:45
I do it by not eating much meat --
177
633160
4400
10:50
I still like a little
every now and then --
every now and then --
178
638360
2096
当然我还是喜欢偶尔吃一点；
不使用玉米油；
10:52
not using corn oil,
179
640480
1480
10:55
driving a car that I can put
nonethanol gas in
nonethanol gas in
180
643240
4416
驾驶支持非乙醇汽油的汽车，
这样还可以节省汽油，走的更远。
10:59
and get better gas mileage.
181
647680
1800
11:02
Just things like that
that can make a difference.
that can make a difference.
182
650520
2536
像这样的小事，
就能够让情况变得不同。
就能够让情况变得不同。
所以，我要呼吁的，
不仅是在座各位，
不仅是在座各位，
11:05
So I'm challenging, not just you,
183
653080
3656
还有许许多多的，
尤其是在中西部的人们——
尤其是在中西部的人们——
11:08
but I challenge a lot of people,
especially in the Midwest --
especially in the Midwest --
184
656760
3416
想想你们是怎样对待你们的土地的，
而你们又该如何做出改变。
而你们又该如何做出改变。
11:12
think about how you're treating your land
and how you can make a difference.
and how you can make a difference.
185
660200
4960
11:18
So my steps are very small steps.
186
666040
2960
我所迈出的，只是小步。
11:22
To change the type
of agriculture in the US
of agriculture in the US
187
670320
3696
而想要改变美国的农业类型，
还需要走许多大步。
11:26
is going to be many big steps.
188
674040
2896
这需要政界与社会多方面的帮助。
11:28
And it's going to take political
and social will for that to happen.
and social will for that to happen.
189
676960
3760
11:33
But we can do it.
190
681360
1320
虽然难，但我们可以做到。
11:35
I strongly believe
we can translate the science,
we can translate the science,
191
683280
4176
我坚定地相信，
我们可以将科学转化为
我们可以将科学转化为
架起它与政策之间的桥梁，
然后改善我们的环境。
然后改善我们的环境。
11:39
bridge it to policy and make
a difference in our environment.
a difference in our environment.
192
687480
4480
11:44
We all want a clean environment.
193
692560
2456
我们都渴望洁净的环境。
我们需要齐心协力实现这个目标，
11:47
And we can work together to do this
194
695040
2576
这样，我们的墨西哥湾，
就不会再有死亡区了。
就不会再有死亡区了。
11:49
so that we no longer have
these dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico.
these dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico.
195
697640
4296
谢谢。
11:53
Thank you.
196
701960
1216
（掌声）
11:55
(Applause)
197
703200
6080
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nancy Rabalais - Marine scientist, educatorNancy Rabalais has studied coastal marine ecosystems for more than 40 years now and loves to share that knowledge.
Why you should listen
Nancy Rabalais has worked in Louisiana ever since she got her PhD in 1983, studying aspects of marine ecology relevant to environmental health. As she writes: "I work on areas called 'dead zones' that are coastal waters lacking in oxygen in which animals such as fish, shrimp and crabs cannot live. I am also, since 2011, studying the long-term effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on coastal waters and Louisiana wetlands.
"I fell in love with biology in the 8th grade and then marine biology in college. My education was not quite the typical 'academic' training. I worked my way through college, beginning at a two-year college, a regional university for my BS and MS, then worked at the University of Texas Marine Science Institute in Port Aransas, Texas, for three years. My desire for further education sent me back to work on my PhD at The University of Texas at Austin. My first job as a PhD was at the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, starting in 1983. I am now a professor and Shell Endowed Chair of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences at Louisiana State University."
Nancy Rabalais | Speaker | TED.com