TED2014
Avi Reichental: What's next in 3D printing
艾维•雷切托尔: 3D 打印的未来是什么
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Readability: 4.1
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正如他挚爱的祖父，艾维•雷切托尔也喜欢手工制作。不同的是，如今他可以利用 3D 打印技术，用几乎任何材料做几乎任何东西。雷切托尔引领我们探索 3D 打印的奇妙，从打印的糖果到高度定制的运动鞋。
Avi Reichental - 3D printer
At XponentialWorks, Avi Reichental is helping to imagine a future where 3D scanning-and-printing is an everyday act -- where food, clothing and objects are routinely output at home. Full bio
At XponentialWorks, Avi Reichental is helping to imagine a future where 3D scanning-and-printing is an everyday act -- where food, clothing and objects are routinely output at home. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
My grandfather was a cobbler.
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我的祖父是一个工匠。
00:16
Back in the day, he made custom-made shoes.
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那时候，他手工定制鞋。
00:19
I never got to meet him.
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我从没见过他，
00:22
He perished in the Holocaust.
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他在犹太人大屠杀中逝世。
00:24
But I did inherit his love for making,
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但我承传了他对手工制作的挚爱，
00:28
except that it doesn't exist that much anymore.
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虽说挚爱程度远不如他的高。
00:32
You see, while the Industrial Revolution
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你们知道，虽然工业革命
00:35
did a great deal to improve humanity,
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极大程度地改善了人们的生活，
00:38
it eradicated the very skill
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但它使我祖父挚爱的
00:41
that my grandfather loved,
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手工制作技能消亡，
00:44
and it atrophied craftsmanship as we know it.
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而且我们也知道，它让手工工艺衰微。
00:47
But all of that is about to change with 3D printing,
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但是这一切却是由于 3D 打印改变的
00:52
and it all started with this,
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开始于这个小东西
00:57
the very first part
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这是 3D 打印
00:59
that was ever printed.
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打印出来的第一件物品。
01:01
It's a little older than TED.
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它的年龄比 TED 大一些，
01:04
It was printed in 1983
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它是由 3D 打印的发明者
01:07
by Chuck Hull,
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查克•赫尔
01:09
who invented 3D printing.
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在 1983 年打印出来的。
01:13
But the thing that I want to talk to you about today,
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但今天我想跟你们谈的、
01:15
the big idea that I want to discuss with you,
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想跟你们讨论的伟大理念，
01:17
is not that 3D printing
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不是 3D 打印
01:19
is going to catapult us into the future,
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将引领我们走向未来，
01:22
but rather that it's actually going
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而是 3D 打印事实上将
01:25
to connect us with our heritage,
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我们与传统连接起来，
01:28
and it's going to usher in a new era
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而且它将开辟一个新的时代，
01:31
of localized, distributed manufacturing
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即基于数字化制造的
01:35
that is actually based
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兼具本地化与分散化
01:36
on digital fabrication.
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的制造业时代。
01:39
So think about useful things.
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想一些日常用品吧。
01:45
You all know your shoe size.
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你们都知道自己鞋子的尺码，
01:46
How many of you know the size
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但有多少人知道
01:48
of the bridge of your nose
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鼻梁的尺寸，
01:50
or the distance between your temples?
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或者太阳穴之间的距离？
01:53
Anybody?
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有人吗？
01:55
Wouldn't it be awesome if you could,
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如果你能前所未有地
01:57
for the first time, get eyewear
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戴上不是由镜框、镜架组装成的，
01:59
that actually fits you perfectly
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完美贴合脸部的眼镜，
02:03
and doesn't require any hinge assembly,
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岂不是很酷吗？
02:06
so chances are, the hinges are not going to break?
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很有可能的是，镜架永远不会断裂。
02:10
But the implications of 3D printing
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3D 打印的应用，
02:13
go well beyond the tips of our noses.
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远不止我们鼻梁上的眼镜。
02:16
When I met Amanda for the first time,
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当我第一次遇到阿曼达，
02:18
she could already stand up and walk a little bit
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她虽然腰部以下瘫痪，
02:21
even though she was paralyzed from the waist down,
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已经能站立并走几步，
02:24
but she complained to me that her suit
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但她向我抱怨，
02:27
was uncomfortable.
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这身衣服不舒服。
02:28
It was a beautiful robotic suit
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这是一套由 Ekso Bionics 公司
02:30
made by Ekso Bionics,
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制作的机器人套装，
02:32
but it wasn't inspired by her body.
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但不是为她量身打造的，
02:35
It wasn't made to measure.
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并没有测量她的尺寸。
02:38
So she challenged me to make her something
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所以她请我为她做一身
02:40
that was a little bit more feminine,
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更女性化一点、
02:44
a little bit more elegant,
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看起来更优雅一点、
02:47
and lightweight,
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更轻的套装。
02:48
and like good tailors,
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我们模仿裁缝，
02:50
we thought that we would measure her digitally.
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为她数字化量身定做。
02:54
And we did. We built her an amazing suit.
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我们做到了，为她做了一件令人惊奇的套装。
02:57
The incredible part about what I learned
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我从这个故事中感受到的
03:00
from Amanda is a lot of us are looking at 3D printing
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一件不可思议的事情是，我们很多人看到 3D 打印后，
03:03
and we say to ourselves,
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会对自己说，
03:05
it's going to replace traditional methods.
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它会颠覆传统。
03:08
Amanda looked at it and she said,
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阿曼达看到它后说，
03:10
it's an opportunity for me
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这对我而言是一个机会，
03:12
to reclaim my symmetry
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让我重新变得美丽，
03:14
and to embrace my authenticity.
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感受到真实的自己。
03:17
And you know what? She's not standing still.
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你知道吗？她现在不只是想站起来了，
03:19
She now wants to walk in high heels.
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她想穿高跟鞋呢。
03:24
It doesn't stop there.
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远不止这些，
03:26
3D printing is changing
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3D 打印正在改变
03:29
personalized medical devices as we know them,
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我们所了解的个性化医疗器械，
03:32
from new, beautiful, conformal,
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从全新、美观、适形的
03:37
ventilated scoliosis braces
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透气性脊柱侧凸背带，
03:40
to millions of dental restorations
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到无数烤瓷牙，
03:43
and to beautiful bracings
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再到美观的
03:47
for amputees,
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假肢支撑，
03:50
another opportunity to emotionally reconnect
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这是重新发自内心找回自我
03:53
with your symmetry.
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的又一机会。
03:55
And as we sit here today,
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如今，在这坐着时，
03:58
you can go wireless on your braces
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你可以戴上
04:01
with clear aligners,
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不含丝线的牙齿矫正器
04:03
or your dental restorations.
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或者烤瓷牙。
04:05
Millions of in-the-ear hearing aids
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数以百万计的耳内助听器
04:07
are already 3D printed today.
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是由 3D 打印印制的。
04:10
Millions of people are served today
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每天有数以百万计的人
04:12
from these devices.
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因 3D 打印受惠。
04:15
What about full knee replacements,
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以你自己的数据和尺寸，
04:19
from your data, made to measure,
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做全膝关节置换手术，
04:22
where all of the tools and guides are 3D printed?
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工具都是 3D 打印出来的，感觉如何？
04:26
G.E. is using 3D printing
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通用电气公司正在用 3D 打印技术
04:30
to make the next generation LEAP engine
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制作下一代 LEAP 系列发动机，
04:32
that will save fuel to the tune
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能节约大概
04:36
of about 15 percent
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15% 的能耗，
04:39
and cost for an airline
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为航空公司
04:41
of about 14 million dollars.
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节约大概 1400 万美金。
04:43
Good for G.E., right?
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对通用电气来说是好消息，是吧？
04:45
And their customers and the environment.
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对其客户、环境来说也是好消息。
04:48
But, you know, the even better news
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但是，你知道的，更好的消息是，
04:50
is that this technology is no longer reserved
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3D 打印不再是
04:53
for deep-pocketed corporations.
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大公司独享的技术。
04:56
Planetary Resources, a startup
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Planetary Resources（公司名），
一家太空探索的新兴公司，
04:59
for space explorations
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05:01
is going to put out its first
space probe later this year.
space probe later this year.
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正准备在今年晚些时候
发射其第一个空间探测器，
发射其第一个空间探测器，
05:05
It was a fraction of a NASA spaceship,
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该探测器规模比 NASA 的小，
05:09
it costs a fraction of its cost,
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成本自然也低不少，
05:12
and it's made with less than a dozen moving parts,
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其活动部件的数量不足十二个，
05:16
and it's going to be out in space later this year.
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在今年晚些时候就要送上太空。
05:20
Google is taking on this very audacious project
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谷歌公司正非常大胆地开展一项计划，
05:23
of making the block phone, the Ara.
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开发Project Ara模块化手机。
05:26
It's only possible because of the development
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若没有高速 3D 打印技术，
05:28
of high-speed 3D printing that for the first time
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这是不可能实现的，3D 打印史无前例将地让
05:31
will make functional, usable modules
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模块化、可用的部件的生产
05:35
that will go into it.
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变为现实。
05:36
A real moonshot, powered by 3D printing.
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一个 3D 打印出的，真正的月球探测器。
05:40
How about food?
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食物呢？
05:42
What if we could, for the first time,
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如果我们能前所未有地
05:45
make incredible delectables
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制作像这只TED小熊一样的
05:48
like this beautiful TED Teddy here,
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的不可意思的美味，
05:53
that are edible?
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将会怎么样？
05:54
What if we could completely
change the experience,
change the experience,
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如果 3D 打印能颠覆如
05:58
like you see with that absinthe serving
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饮用苦艾酒的体验，
06:02
that is completely 3D printed?
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将会怎么样？
06:06
And what if we could begin to put ingredients
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如果我们能任意地
06:10
and colors and flavors in every taste,
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添加颜色、口味到任何食物，
06:14
which means not only delicious foods
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那么不仅可以定制美食，
06:17
but the promise of personalized nutrition
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还能个性化营养成分，
06:20
around the corner?
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将会怎么样？
06:22
And that gets me to one of the
biggest deals about 3D printing.
biggest deals about 3D printing.
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这让我想到了 3D 打印为我们带来的
最大的恩惠之一，
最大的恩惠之一，
06:25
With 3D printing, complexity is free.
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凭借 3D 打印，我们不再为复杂买单。
06:28
The printer doesn't care
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打印最基本的图样，
06:31
if it makes the most rudimentary shape
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或是最复杂的图样，
06:33
or the most complex shape,
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对 3D 打印机来说是一样的。
06:35
and that is completely turning design
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这会完全改变
06:39
and manufacturing on its head as we know it.
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我们熟知的设计和制造业。
06:42
Many people think that 3D printing will be
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很多人认为 3D 打印会敲响
06:45
the end of manufacturing as we know it.
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我们熟知的制造业消亡的钟声。
06:48
I think that it's the opportunity to put
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我想这正是将未来的技术交给
06:51
tomorrow's technology in the hands of youngsters
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今年的孩子们的机会，
06:54
that will create endless abundance
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3D 打印将创造，
06:57
of job opportunities,
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创造无数的工作机会，
06:59
and with that,
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并且有了 3D 打印技术
07:01
everybody can become an expert maker
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每个人都可以成为制作专家
07:04
and an expert manufacturer.
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和制造专家。
07:06
That will take new tools.
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这将需要新的工具。
07:08
Not everybody knows how to use CAD,
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并不是每个人都会用 CAD 制图软件，
07:11
so we're developing haptics,
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所以我们在开发
07:13
perceptual devices
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触觉感知设备，
07:15
that will allow you to touch
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它可以让你亲手
07:16
and feel your designs
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触摸和感知你的设计，
07:18
as if you play with digital clay.
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就好像在玩「数字粘土」。
07:21
When you do things like that,
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当你这样设计时，
07:23
and we also developed things that take
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我们还设计了拍完实物照片
07:25
physical photographs that are instantly printable,
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立马就能打印出来的设备，
07:27
it will make it easier to create content,
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这会让制造变得容易，
07:30
but with all of the unimagined,
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但除了这些想象不到的，
07:33
we will also have the unintended,
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也有一些未预料到到的事情，
07:35
like democratized counterfeiting
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像随处可见的假货，
07:41
and ubiquitous illegal possession.
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还有无处不在的非法占有。
07:44
So many people ask me,
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很多人问我，
07:45
will we have a 3D printer in every home?
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每个家庭都有会一台 3D 打印机吗？
07:48
I think it's the wrong question to ask.
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我想问题不该这么问。
07:50
The right question to ask is,
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应该问的问题是，
07:51
how will 3D printing change my life?
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3D 打印将会怎样改变我的生活？
07:55
Or, in other words, what room in my house
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或者，换句话说，我家里哪间房
07:57
will 3D printing fit in?
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适合安放 3D 打印机？
07:59
So everything that you see here
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这里你看到的一切都是
08:01
has been 3D printed,
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3D 打印打印出来的，
08:04
including these shoes
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包括这些
08:07
at the Amsterdam fashion show.
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阿姆斯特丹时装秀上的鞋子。
08:09
Now, these are not my grandfather's shoes.
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这不再是我祖父那个年代鞋子的意义了，
08:13
These are shoes that represent
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这是这代表了
08:14
the continuation of his passion
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高本地化的制造业的鞋子，
08:16
for hyper-local manufacturing.
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延续了我祖父对手工制作的热情。
08:19
My grandfather didn't get to see Nike
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我的祖父没机会看到耐克
08:24
printing cleats for the recent Super Bowl,
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为近期超级碗打印的鞋子，
08:29
and my father didn't get to see me standing
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我的父亲没机会看到
08:32
in my hybridized 3D printed shoes.
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脚踏 3D 打印的鞋子的我。
08:35
He passed away three years ago.
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他三年前过世了。
08:38
But Chuck Hull, the man that invented it all,
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但查克•赫尔，这位发明 3D 打印的人，
08:41
is right here in the house today,
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今天就在这屋子里，
08:43
and thanks to him,
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谢谢他，
08:45
I can say, thanks to his invention, I can say
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我想说，谢谢他的发明，我想说，
08:48
that I am a cobbler too,
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我也是一个工匠，
08:50
and by standing in these shoes
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脚踏这双鞋，
08:52
I am honoring my past
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是向过去致敬，
08:55
while manufacturing the future.
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也是在创造未来。
08:57
Thank you.
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谢谢。
08:58
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Avi Reichental - 3D printerAt XponentialWorks, Avi Reichental is helping to imagine a future where 3D scanning-and-printing is an everyday act -- where food, clothing and objects are routinely output at home.
Why you should listen
Avi Reichental is the founder and CEO of XponentialWorks, a venture, advisory and product development company specializing in 3D printing and other exponential technologies. From 2003-2015, he was the CEO of 3D Systems, transforming the company into a global leader in the field of rapid prototyping. He envisions a 3D printer in every house.
Reichental holds numerous leadership positions at a range of 3D printing companies, including founder and CEO of Nexa 3D; chairman of Nano Dimension; and co-founder and executive chairman of NXT Factory.
Read his thought leadership articles at Forbes, Fortune, TechCrunch and Money Inc. and check out his video library.
Avi Reichental | Speaker | TED.com