TEDGlobal 2014
Angelo Vermeulen: How to go to space, without having to go to space
安吉洛·韦尔默朗: 怎样不用去到太空，就能去太空
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“我们将会从定居外太空开始，”新一任NASA指挥官安吉洛·韦尔默朗说道。“这可能要花50年或者500的时间，但它终究会发生的。”在这个充满魅力的演讲中，他描述了他工作的一部分，以确保人类为深太空的生存做准备...同时也分享了一个十分吸引人的艺术项目，在这个项目里，他向世界的人民发出邀请，请他们设计出我们未来在太空居住的家。
Angelo Vermeulen - Space researcher, biologist, artist
Angelo Vermeulen wears many hats, including one as a crew commander for NASA, another as an artist and community organizer. Full bio
Angelo Vermeulen wears many hats, including one as a crew commander for NASA, another as an artist and community organizer. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I am multidisciplinary.
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我的研究涉及很多方面
00:14
As a scientist, I've been a crew commander
for a NASA Mars simulation last year,
for a NASA Mars simulation last year,
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作为一名科学家，我曾在去年
担任 NASA 火星模拟项目的指挥官
担任 NASA 火星模拟项目的指挥官
00:19
and as an artist, I create multicultural
community art all over the planet.
community art all over the planet.
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作为一名艺术家，我在世界各地
创作多元文化的社群艺术
创作多元文化的社群艺术
00:26
And recently, I've actually
been combining both.
been combining both.
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最近，我在把两者进行结合
00:29
But let me first talk a little more
about that NASA mission.
about that NASA mission.
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但首先让我先谈谈NASA的这个任务
00:33
This is the HI-SEAS program.
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这是一个叫HI-SEAS的项目
00:35
HI-SEAS is a NASA-funded
planetary surface analogue
planetary surface analogue
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HI-SEAS是NASA出资的一项
模拟行星表面的项目
模拟行星表面的项目
00:38
on the Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii,
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地点设在夏威夷的莫纳罗亚火山
00:41
and it's a research program
that is specifically designed
that is specifically designed
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这个研究项目专门用来
00:44
to study the effects
of long-term isolation of small crews.
of long-term isolation of small crews.
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研究小团队组在长期隔离下的影响
00:49
I lived in this dome for four months
with a crew of six,
with a crew of six,
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我和六人小组在圆顶里住了四个月
00:53
a very interesting experience, of course.
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确实是非常有趣的经历
00:56
We did all kinds of research.
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我们做了各种研究
00:59
Our main research
was actually a food study,
was actually a food study,
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我们的主要研究是食物研究
01:01
but apart from that food study --
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但除了为宇航员在太空生活开发新的食物系统
01:03
developing a new food system
for astronauts living in deep space --
for astronauts living in deep space --
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这一食物相关研究
01:07
we also did all kinds of other research.
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我们也做了其他的研究项目
01:09
We did extra-vehicular activities,
as you can see here,
as you can see here,
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我们也做了舱外活动，正如你所看到的
01:12
wearing mock-up space suits,
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穿着实体模型太空衣
01:14
but we also had our chores
and lots of other stuff to do,
and lots of other stuff to do,
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但我们也有我们自己的杂务
和其他很多的事要做
和其他很多的事要做
01:17
like questionnaires
at the end of every day.
at the end of every day.
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像每天结束前的问卷
01:19
Busy, busy work.
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非常繁忙的工作
01:21
Now, as you can imagine,
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现在，正如你想象的那样
01:23
it's quite challenging to live
with just a small group of people
with just a small group of people
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和一个小团队的人
在狭小空间内长时间一起生活
在狭小空间内长时间一起生活
01:26
in a small space for a long time.
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是非常有挑战性的
01:28
There's all kinds
of psychological challenges:
of psychological challenges:
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会出现各种心理上的挑战：
01:31
how to keep a team together
in these circumstances;
in these circumstances;
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如何在这些情况下把团队聚在一起；
01:35
how to deal with the warping of time
you start to sense
you start to sense
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当你意识到时间有扭曲的感觉时
01:37
when you're living in these circumstances;
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如何在这些情况下处理对时间的扭曲感；
01:40
sleep problems that arise; etc.
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还有出现的睡眠问题，等等
01:41
But also we learned a lot.
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但同时我们也学到很多东西
01:44
I learned a lot about
how individual crew members
how individual crew members
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我学到很多关于个人
01:46
actually cope with a situation like this;
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如何独自处理上述情况的方法；
01:49
how you can keep a crew
productive and happy,
productive and happy,
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如何让队员保持乐观积极，
01:52
for example, giving them
a good deal of autonomy
a good deal of autonomy
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例如，给予他们较大的自主度
01:55
is a good trick to do that;
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是个不错的办法；
01:57
and honestly, I learned
a lot about leadership,
a lot about leadership,
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老实说，我学到很多关于领导力的事
02:00
because I was a crew commander.
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因为我是一名指挥官
02:01
So doing this mission,
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所以，在做这个任务的时候
02:03
I really started thinking more deeply
about our future in outer space.
about our future in outer space.
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我确实开始更深层地思考
我们在外太空的未来
我们在外太空的未来
02:08
We will venture into outer space,
and we will start inhabiting outer space.
and we will start inhabiting outer space.
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我们会冒险进入外太空，
然后开始在外太空居住
然后开始在外太空居住
02:12
I have no doubt about it.
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对此我深信不疑
02:14
It might take 50 years
or it might take 500 years,
or it might take 500 years,
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可能需要50年的时间
或者500年的时间来实现
或者500年的时间来实现
02:17
but it's going to happen nevertheless.
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但它总归会实现的
02:20
So I came up with
a new art project called Seeker.
a new art project called Seeker.
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所以我想出了一个艺术项目，
叫“探寻者”
叫“探寻者”
02:24
And the Seeker project is actually
challenging communities all over the world
challenging communities all over the world
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这个探寻者项目
是向全世界的团体发出挑战
是向全世界的团体发出挑战
02:28
to come up with starship prototypes
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挑战他们是否能设计出星舰原型
02:31
that re-envision
human habitation and survival.
human habitation and survival.
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重构人类的居住和生存
02:34
That's the core of the project.
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这就是这个项目的核心
02:36
Now, one important thing:
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现在，很重要的一点：
02:38
This is not a dystopian project.
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这不是一个反乌托邦项目
02:41
This is not about, "Oh my God,
the world is going wrong
the world is going wrong
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这不是“我去，这个世界快挂了
02:43
and we have to escape because we need
another future somewhere else."
another future somewhere else."
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我们得快逃，
因为我们还要在别的地方继续生存。”
因为我们还要在别的地方继续生存。”
02:47
No, no.
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不是这样的
02:49
The project is basically inviting people
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这个项目其实就是邀请人们
02:51
to take a step away
from earthbound constraints
from earthbound constraints
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暂时摆脱地球上的约束
02:54
and, as such, reimagine our future.
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然后，比如，重新想象我们的未来
02:57
And it's really helpful,
and it works really well,
and it works really well,
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这真的很有帮助
并且进展也很顺利
并且进展也很顺利
03:00
so that's really the important part
of what we're doing.
of what we're doing.
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这就是我们目前在做的很重要的一部分
03:04
Now, in this project,
I'm using a cocreation approach,
I'm using a cocreation approach,
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在这个项目中，
我用的是一种合作创造的方法
我用的是一种合作创造的方法
03:08
which is a slightly different approach
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它和你们印象中的艺术家所用的方法
03:11
from what you would expect
from many artists.
from many artists.
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稍微有点不同
03:13
I'm essentially dropping a basic idea
into a group, into a community,
into a group, into a community,
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基本上我就是把一个简单的想法
丢给一个小组，一个团体
丢给一个小组，一个团体
03:17
people start gravitating to the idea,
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人们就会被这个想法吸引过来
03:20
and together, we shape
and build the artwork.
and build the artwork.
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然后我们一起塑造建造这个艺术品
03:23
It's a little bit like termites, really.
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感觉有点像白蚁，真的
03:26
We just work together,
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我们就是一起工作
03:27
and even, for example,
when architects visit what we're doing,
when architects visit what we're doing,
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甚至，例如，当建筑师看到我们做的事情时
03:30
sometimes they have a bit
of a hard time understanding
of a hard time understanding
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有时他们会很难理解
03:32
how we build without a master plan.
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我们是如何在没有宏伟计划的情况下建造的
03:34
We always come up with these
fantastic large-scale scupltures
fantastic large-scale scupltures
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我们经常做出这些壮观的大型雕塑
03:37
that actually we can also inhabit.
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而且我们也能住进去
03:41
The first version was done
in Belgium and Holland.
in Belgium and Holland.
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第一版是在比利时和荷兰完工的
03:45
It was built with a team
of almost 50 people.
of almost 50 people.
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由一个约50人的团队建成的
03:47
This is the second iteration
of that same project,
of that same project,
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这是同一个项目的第二次迭代
03:50
but in Slovenia, in a different country,
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但在斯洛文尼亚，在不同的国家
03:52
and the new group was like, we're going
to do the architecture differently.
to do the architecture differently.
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我们的新团队决定
在建筑风格上不走寻常路
在建筑风格上不走寻常路
03:56
So they took away the architecture,
they kept the base of the artwork,
they kept the base of the artwork,
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所以他们舍弃原先的风格
保留作品的底子
保留作品的底子
04:00
and they built an entirely new,
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然后他们建造了一个全新的
04:02
much more biomorphic
architecture on top of that.
architecture on top of that.
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更具生物形态的风格
04:05
And that's another
crucial part of the project.
crucial part of the project.
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这也是这个项目极为关键的另外一点
04:07
It's an evolving artwork,
evolving architecture.
evolving architecture.
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它是艺术品的进化，
是建筑的进化
是建筑的进化
04:11
This was the last version that was just
presented a few weeks ago in Holland,
presented a few weeks ago in Holland,
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这是几周前在荷兰展出的最新版本
04:15
which was using caravans
as modules to build a starship.
as modules to build a starship.
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它用的是小面包车为模型来建造星舰
04:19
We bought some second-hand caravans,
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我们购置了些二手小面包车
04:21
cut them open,
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把它们切开
04:22
and reassembled them into a starship.
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然后把它们装成一艘星舰
04:25
Now, when we're thinking about starships,
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现在，当我们想到星舰时
04:28
we're not just approaching it
as a technological challenge.
as a technological challenge.
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我们不仅把它当做一个技术难题来对待
04:31
We're really looking at it
as a combination of three systems:
as a combination of three systems:
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我们还把它当做一套三系统的结合：
04:34
ecology, people and technology.
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生态，人类，和科技
04:36
So there's always a strong ecological
component in the project.
component in the project.
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所以这里面一直有不容忽视的生态元素
04:40
Here you can see aquaponic systems
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这是一个鱼菜共生系统
04:42
that are actually
surrounding the astronauts,
surrounding the astronauts,
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它们分布在宇航员四周
04:44
so they're constantly in contact
with part of the food that they're eating.
with part of the food that they're eating.
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所以他们一直和吃的食物保持互动
04:50
Now, a very typical thing for this project
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现在，对这个项目来说，
有一件非常特别的事
有一件非常特别的事
04:53
is that we run our own isolation missions
inside these art and design projects.
inside these art and design projects.
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就是我们在这些艺术设计作品内
执行我们的隔离任务
执行我们的隔离任务
05:00
We actually lock ourselves up
for multiple days on end,
for multiple days on end,
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我们会把自己关在里面连续好几天
05:03
and test what we build.
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测试我们建造的东西
05:05
And this is, for example,
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例如这个
05:06
on the right hand side
you can see an isolation mission
you can see an isolation mission
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在右边你会看见隔离项目
05:09
in the Museum of Modern Art
in Ljubljana in Slovenia,
in Ljubljana in Slovenia,
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它在斯洛文尼亚共和国的卢布尔雅那
现代艺术博物馆内
现代艺术博物馆内
05:12
where six artists and designers
locked themselves up --
locked themselves up --
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六名艺术家和设计师把自己关起来——
05:15
I was part of that --
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我也是其中之一
05:16
for four days inside the museum.
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在博物馆里住了四天
05:19
And, of course, obviously,
this is a very performative
this is a very performative
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当然，对我们来说
05:21
and very strong experience for all of us.
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这是一次非常表述行为且印象深刻的经历
05:26
Now, the next version of the project
is currently being developed
is currently being developed
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现在，这个项目的下一个版本正在开发中
05:30
together with Camilo Rodriguez-Beltran,
who is also a TED Fellow,
who is also a TED Fellow,
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和Camilo Rodriguez-Beltran一起，
他也是一名TED Fellow
他也是一名TED Fellow
05:34
in the Atacama Desert in Chile,
a magical place.
a magical place.
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地点在智利的阿塔卡马沙漠，
一个神奇的地方
一个神奇的地方
05:38
First of all, it's really
considered a Mars analogue.
considered a Mars analogue.
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首先，我们把它当做火星模拟
05:41
It really does look like Mars
in certain locations
in certain locations
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在某些地方，它真的看起来很像火星
05:44
and has been used by NASA
to test equipment.
to test equipment.
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也被NASA用来测试设备
05:48
And it has a long history
of being connected to space
of being connected to space
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而且在这里通过观星研究太空
05:51
through observations of the stars.
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也有着悠久的历史
05:53
It's now home to ALMA,
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而现在则是ALMA的家
05:55
the large telescope
that's being developed there.
that's being developed there.
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ALMA是正在那里建立的大型望远镜
05:59
But also, it's the driest
location on the planet,
location on the planet,
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同时，它也是地球上最干燥的地方
06:03
and that makes it extremely interesting
to build our project,
to build our project,
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这也使得建造过程十分有趣
06:06
because suddenly, sustainability
is something we have to explore fully.
is something we have to explore fully.
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因为突然，可持续性，
是我们必须充分了解的
是我们必须充分了解的
06:11
We have no other option,
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我们没有别的选择
06:13
so I'm very curious to see
what's going to happen.
what's going to happen.
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所以我十分好奇接下来会发生什么
06:16
Now, a specific thing for this
particular version of the project
particular version of the project
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现在，在这个特别版本的项目中
06:20
is that I'm very interested to see
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有一件令我非常感兴趣的事
06:22
how we can connect
with the local population,
with the local population,
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就是想看我们如何和当地居民联系
06:24
the native population.
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和本地人联系
06:25
These people have been living there
for a very long time
for a very long time
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这些人已经在这里生活了非常长的时间
06:28
and can be considered
experts in sustainability,
experts in sustainability,
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可以把他们当做可持续性领域的专家
06:31
and so I'm very interested
to see what we can learn from them,
to see what we can learn from them,
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我也很想知道我们可以从他们那里学到什么
06:34
and have an input of indigenous knowledge
into space exploration.
into space exploration.
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然后把当地的知识带到太空探索中
06:38
So we're trying to redefine
how we look at our future in outer space
how we look at our future in outer space
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所以我们正试着重新定义
我们如何看待我们在外太空的未来
我们如何看待我们在外太空的未来
06:43
by exploring integration,
biology, technology and people;
biology, technology and people;
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通过用共同创造的办法
06:48
by using a cocreation approach;
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探索综合一体化，生活，科技，和人
06:50
and by using and exploring
local traditions
local traditions
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另外通过利用和探索当地传统
06:54
and to see how we can learn from the past
and integrate that into our deep future.
and integrate that into our deep future.
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看看我们如何在过去中学习新知识，
并应用到更深层次的未来中去
并应用到更深层次的未来中去
06:58
Thank you.
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谢谢
07:00
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angelo Vermeulen - Space researcher, biologist, artistAngelo Vermeulen wears many hats, including one as a crew commander for NASA, another as an artist and community organizer.
Why you should listen
If you're looking for someone who embodies "multidisciplinary," look no further than TED Senior Fellow Angelo Vermeulen, a space systems researcher, biologist, artist and community organizer. The one common thread in all his work: the desire to understand the relationship between nature and technology, to learn from what's happened in the past in order to build a promising future for us all.
Having received his PhD in Biology from the University of Leuven in Belgium, Angelo nonetheless eschewed a life in the lab to apply a creative lens to everything he does. To date, that includes working on independent projects around the world, including Biomodd, a worldwide series of interactive art installations in which technology and nature coexist. Throughout 2011, he was a member of the European Space Agency Topical Team Arts & Science (ETTAS), while in 2013 he was crew commander of the NASA-funded HI-SEAS Mars mission simulation in Hawaii. For this project, he and a crew of six astronauts lived for four months in a dome, all in the name of studying the effects of longterm isolation among a small crew.
In 2009 he launched SEAD (Space Ecologies Art and Design), a platform for research on the architectures and ethics of space colonization. In 2014, he launched Seeker, a project calling for the public to co-create starship sculptures that evolve over time; this subject is also the focus of a new PhD at Delft University of Technology, for which he's developing "paradigm-shifting concepts for evolvable starships."
In 2012 he was a Michael Kalil Endowment for Smart Design Fellow at Parsons in New York. He holds positions at LUCA School of Visual Arts in Ghent, Belgium, and Die Angewandte in Vienna, Austria.
Angelo Vermeulen | Speaker | TED.com