TEDxVirginiaTech
Siddhartha Roy: Science in service to the public good
Siddhartha Roy: 让科学服务于大众
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我们花了大量时间训练科学家和工程师的专业技能，但是我们却没有很好的训练他们的道德判断能力和性格塑造。 例如在密西根福林市的水资源健康危机，那次事件中（本该出面的）专业人士毫无作为。Siddhartha Roy 协助证明了福林市饮用水被污染，并讲述了科学应该如何服务于大众的故事，呼吁下一代科学家和工程师将他们的工作跟保护大众和地球的福祉联系起来。
Siddhartha Roy - Environmental engineer
Siddhartha Roy is an environmental engineer and science communicator who works at the nexus of water quality, public health and environmental justice. He and his team helped uncover the Flint, Michigan Water Crisis. Full bio
Siddhartha Roy is an environmental engineer and science communicator who works at the nexus of water quality, public health and environmental justice. He and his team helped uncover the Flint, Michigan Water Crisis. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Fresh out of college,
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那年我大学刚毕业，
进入一家咨询公司工作。
00:14
I went to work for a consulting firm.
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领导在新员工培训时给了很多建议。
00:17
During orientation,
the leaders dished out advice.
the leaders dished out advice.
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00:21
Amongst them was one pithy counsel
I will never forget.
I will never forget.
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其中有一条建议我一直都记得。
00:25
He told us, "Be easy to manage."
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他告诉我们，“服从管理。”
考虑到我当时的幼稚程度，
00:28
Considering how naïve
I really was at the time,
I really was at the time,
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我深深的记了下来。
00:32
I took his advice to heart.
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我告诉自己，
00:34
I told myself,
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“是的，我会成为团队中最好的队友。
00:35
"Yes, I will be the ultimate team player.
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我会做任何分给我的事情。
00:38
I will do everything I'm told.
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我会服从管理。”
00:40
I will be easy to manage."
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00:43
It wasn't until I arrived
in graduate school
in graduate school
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我一直如此认为，直到
我开始念研究生的时候，
我开始念研究生的时候，
00:46
and witnessed firsthand the criminal
actions of scientists and engineers
actions of scientists and engineers
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我身临其境的目睹了在密西根州
福林市饮用水危机中
福林市饮用水危机中
科学家和工程师犯下的罪行，
00:50
in the water crisis in Flint, Michigan
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我才意识到这个想法到底
会带来多大的危险，
会带来多大的危险，
00:53
that I realized how dangerous
and yet surprisingly common
and yet surprisingly common
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而这个想法又是如此普遍。
00:58
this line of thinking really is.
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明确一下：
01:00
Make no mistake:
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福林市饮用水危机是我们这个时代
最为臭名昭著的
最为臭名昭著的
01:01
the Flint water crisis is one of the most
egregious environmental injustices
egregious environmental injustices
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环境污染事件。
01:06
of our time.
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长达18个月，
01:07
For over 18 months,
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包括上千儿童的十万居民，
01:09
100,000 residents,
including thousands of young children,
including thousands of young children,
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他们的饮用水中的
铅浓度严重超标。
铅浓度严重超标。
01:13
were exposed to contaminated
drinking water with high levels of lead.
drinking water with high levels of lead.
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01:18
Lead is a potent neurotoxin
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铅具有神经毒性，
能够引起认知和发育障碍，
01:19
which causes cognitive
and developmental disabilities
and developmental disabilities
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对于胎儿和小孩子
尤其有害。
尤其有害。
01:23
and is especially harmful
to growing fetuses and young children.
to growing fetuses and young children.
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01:28
We've known about its dangers
since the Roman Empire.
since the Roman Empire.
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我们早在罗马帝国时代
就知道铅的危害。
就知道铅的危害。
01:32
Amongst a whole host of health issues,
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在一次全市范围的疾病中，
共有12人死于拉基氏病。
01:35
12 people died by contracting
Legionnaires' disease.
Legionnaires' disease.
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福林市的供水设施——
01:39
Flint's water infrastructure --
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复杂的地下管网——
01:41
the complex network
of underground pipes --
of underground pipes --
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已经损毁严重。
01:44
has been severely damaged.
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01:47
And while the water quality
is slowly improving
is slowly improving
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虽然水质在缓慢改善，
并且很多管道都在被更换，
01:50
and the pipes are being replaced now,
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在两年多之后，
01:52
more than two years later,
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那里的自来水依然不能安全饮用。
01:54
the water is still not safe to drink.
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所以，人们依然很震惊。
01:58
So, people are still in shock.
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他们问自己，
02:01
They ask themselves,
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“这究竟怎么发生的？”
02:02
"How could this have happened?"
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02:05
The short answer is: the crisis began
when an emergency manager,
when an emergency manager,
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长话短说，原因是密西根州长
任命了一名临时管理者，
任命了一名临时管理者，
这位管理者为了省钱，
02:09
appointed by Michigan's governor,
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将福林市水源改为从
当地河流取水。
当地河流取水。
02:12
decided to switch their water source
to a local river to save money.
to a local river to save money.
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但是问题之所以持续这么久
02:17
But it continued for so long
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是因为服务于密西根州和联邦政府的
02:19
because scientists and engineers
at government agencies
at government agencies
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科学家和工程师
02:22
in the state of Michigan
and in the federal government
and in the federal government
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并没有按照联邦规范正确
做好饮用水处理。
做好饮用水处理。
02:25
did not follow federal regulations
for treating the water right.
for treating the water right.
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更气人的是，
02:30
What was more,
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他们故意的欺骗法律，
并合谋掩盖真相。
并合谋掩盖真相。
02:32
they actively cheated on the law
and orchestrated cover-ups.
and orchestrated cover-ups.
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他们嘲笑寻求帮助的民众，
02:36
They ridiculed residents asking for help,
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公开地坚持那些从自来水龙头里
流出来的棕色发臭的水
流出来的棕色发臭的水
02:39
while publicly insisting that the brown,
smelly water coming out of the tap
smelly water coming out of the tap
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喝着没事。
02:43
was safe to drink.
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当地政府、州政府、联邦政府
整个系统都失效了
整个系统都失效了
02:45
The system at the local, state
and federal levels completely failed
and federal levels completely failed
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无法保护居民的利益，
02:51
to protect our most vulnerable,
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导致整个城市居民
只能自我保护。
只能自我保护。
02:53
and an entire population
was left to fend for itself.
was left to fend for itself.
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现在，面对这样的不公正，
福林市居民开始团结起来。
福林市居民开始团结起来。
02:58
Now, amidst this injustice,
Flint residents were rallying together.
Flint residents were rallying together.
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其中福林市的有一些女性——
03:02
Amongst them were some
amazing women of Flint --
amazing women of Flint --
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那些关心自己孩子健康的母亲——
03:06
mothers concerned about their kids --
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团结起来，建立了很多草根联盟，
03:08
who came together forming
many grassroots coalitions,
many grassroots coalitions,
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她们开始举行示威抗议，
要求改变。
要求改变。
03:12
and these groups started protesting
and demanding change.
and demanding change.
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这些组织同样也积极寻求
外部科学家的帮助，
外部科学家的帮助，
03:16
The group also reached out
to outside scientists for help,
to outside scientists for help,
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但是回应者很少。
03:20
and a few responded.
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有一位叫 Miguel Del Toral 的
科学家，
科学家，
03:22
Amongst them was a guy
named Miguel Del Toral,
named Miguel Del Toral,
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他是美国EPA（环境保护局）的
一位水资源专家
一位水资源专家
03:25
a water expert at the US EPA --
the Environmental Protection Agency --
the Environmental Protection Agency --
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他实际上写了这份科学备忘
03:30
who actually wrote this scientific memo
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并将它提交给了密西根和联邦政府
03:33
and sent it to the state of Michigan
and the federal government
and the federal government
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希望引起对这个问题的重视。
03:36
to bring their attention to this problem.
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他被贴上“游手好闲的员工”的标签，
03:39
He was characterized a "rogue employee,"
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并噤声了。
03:41
and silenced.
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通过与福林市居民的合作，
03:44
In collaboration with Flint residents,
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我们在（密西根）技术学院的
研究团队，
研究团队，
03:47
our research team here at Tech,
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在 Marc Edwards 教授带领下的
学生和科学家团体，
学生和科学家团体，
03:49
of students and scientists
led by professor Marc Edwards,
led by professor Marc Edwards,
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在全市范围进行了测试
03:53
conducted citywide testing
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证明了福林市的饮用水
确实被污染了，
确实被污染了，
03:55
to prove that Flint's water
was indeed contaminated,
was indeed contaminated,
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在某些家庭甚至达到毒害级。
03:58
even toxic in some homes.
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我们证实了福林市居民呐喊了
好几个月的事情，
好几个月的事情，
04:01
We substantiated what Flint
had been screaming for months,
had been screaming for months,
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并且放在了互联网上
让全世界看见。
让全世界看见。
04:04
and put it on the Internet
for the world to see.
for the world to see.
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现在，当我参与其中时，
04:07
Now, when I was getting involved,
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当我答应加入时，
04:10
when I said yes to this,
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我其实不知道我要面对的是什么。
04:12
I had no idea what I was getting into.
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但是这次旅程的每一分每一秒
都被证明是值得的。
都被证明是值得的。
04:15
But every second of this journey
has been totally worth it.
has been totally worth it.
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这是在公共服务中的科学。
04:19
This was science
in service to the public.
in service to the public.
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这是我之所以来念研究生的目的，
04:21
This is what I came
to graduate school for,
to graduate school for,
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这也是我愿意毕生投入的领域。
04:24
and this is how I would rather
spend my life.
spend my life.
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所以这个联盟——
04:27
And so this coalition --
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这个少见的由公民、牧师、记者
和科学家组成的联盟——
和科学家组成的联盟——
04:29
this unlikely coalition of citizens,
pastors, journalists and scientists --
pastors, journalists and scientists --
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聚集起来揭开真相，利用科学知识，
辩论技术和行动主义。
辩论技术和行动主义。
04:34
came together to uncover the truth
using science, advocacy and activism.
using science, advocacy and activism.
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一位当地儿科医生指出
04:39
A local pediatrician figured out
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在福林饮用水危机中福林市
儿童铅中毒病例
儿童铅中毒病例
04:41
that the instances of childhood
lead poisoning had indeed doubled
lead poisoning had indeed doubled
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数量出现了翻番。
04:46
in Flint during the crisis.
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之后密西根州被迫承认问题存在
04:49
And the state of Michigan was forced
to acknowledge the problem
to acknowledge the problem
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并采取手段纠正这个问题。
04:52
and take steps to correct it.
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这个组织和其他的组织一起
让福林的孩子得到保护。
让福林的孩子得到保护。
04:55
This group and many others
got Flint's kids protected.
got Flint's kids protected.
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几个月后，
05:00
A few months later,
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奥巴马总统介入此事，并投入了
联邦紧急救助基金，
联邦紧急救助基金，
05:01
President Obama came in
and declared a federal emergency,
and declared a federal emergency,
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如今福林市已经获得了
六亿美元
六亿美元
05:04
and now Flint is getting
more than 600 million dollars
more than 600 million dollars
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用于医疗、营养、教育
05:08
in healthcare, nutrition, education
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以及供水设施的大修费用。
05:11
and overhauling
their water infrastructure.
their water infrastructure.
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然而，那些为政府机构工作的
科学家和工程师
科学家和工程师
05:15
However, the arrogance and the callous
disregard for public health
disregard for public health
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表现出的对公共健康事务的
傲慢和冷漠无情
傲慢和冷漠无情
05:20
shown by scientists and engineers
at these government agencies
at these government agencies
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难以置信。
05:25
is beyond belief.
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在这些组织中，不健康的文化
在溃烂和化脓，
在溃烂和化脓，
05:27
These unhealthy cultures
that are festering in these groups,
that are festering in these groups,
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他们更多的关注开监管会议
检查收件箱
检查收件箱
05:31
where the focus is on meeting
regulations and checking boxes
regulations and checking boxes
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而不是保护公众健康，
05:35
as opposed to protecting public health,
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令人震惊。
05:37
is just appalling.
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看看这封EPA的雇员写的邮件，
05:39
Just consider this email
that an EPA employee wrote,
that an EPA employee wrote,
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里面说，
05:43
where she goes,
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“我不确定福林市这个社区
我们是否想帮助。”
我们是否想帮助。”
05:46
"I'm not so sure Flint is a community
we want to go out on a limb for."
we want to go out on a limb for."
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这种对整个社区居民非人化的态度
再明显不过。
再明显不过。
05:51
The dehumanization of an entire population
could not be more obvious.
could not be more obvious.
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现在，在我的观点中，工程界的
第一信条，
第一信条，
05:56
Now, contrast that to the first
canon of engineering,
canon of engineering,
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应该被修改为第一人性定律：
06:01
which, in my opinion, should be
the first law of humanity:
the first law of humanity:
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“为了公共领域的健康、安全和福祉。”
06:05
"To hold paramount the health,
safety and welfare of the public,"
safety and welfare of the public,"
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超越其它任何考量。
06:09
above all else.
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这是希波克拉底誓词，
我们很少人知道，
我们很少人知道，
06:10
This is the Hippocratic Oath
we've rarely acknowledged,
we've rarely acknowledged,
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更不要说接受了。
06:14
let alone embraced.
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所以当科学家和工程师，
就像是医生一样，
就像是医生一样，
06:16
And so when scientists and engineers,
very much like medical doctors,
very much like medical doctors,
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搞砸事情时，
06:20
screw up,
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有人会因此受伤——
06:22
people can get hurt --
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甚至死掉。
06:23
even die.
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如果我们的专业人士，甚至
学生没有能够做到，
学生没有能够做到，
06:25
If our professionals and even
students fail to get that,
students fail to get that,
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社会就会付出巨大代价。
06:29
society pays a huge price.
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我非常赞赏一位已经被历史
深深掩埋的角色——
深深掩埋的角色——
06:33
Buried deep in history lies
a character I deeply admire --
a character I deeply admire --
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一位叫 Peter Palchinsky 的工程师。
06:37
an engineer named Peter Palchinsky.
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他生活在苏联时代。
06:41
He lived in the time of the Soviet Union.
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Palchinsky 不断地因为自己
极端的诚实
极端的诚实
06:44
And Palchinsky repeatedly got in trouble
for his radical honesty
for his radical honesty
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并不断指出苏联盲目工业化过程中
存在的主要缺陷
存在的主要缺陷
06:49
and willingness to point out major flaws
in the Soviets' mindless pursuit
in the Soviets' mindless pursuit
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而给自己惹来麻烦。
06:54
of rapid industrialization.
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每个人都被要求服从上级命令。
06:57
Everyone was expected to follow orders
coming from the top.
coming from the top.
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任何人提出质疑或提供建议都是不被欢迎的。
07:01
Anyone asking questions
or offering feedback was unwelcome.
or offering feedback was unwelcome.
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苏联构建了世界上迄今为止最大的
工程师团队，
工程师团队，
07:06
The Soviets had created the largest army
of engineers the world had ever seen,
of engineers the world had ever seen,
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然而绝大部分都不过是这个走向毁灭的
巨大机器里的一个齿轮。
巨大机器里的一个齿轮。
07:11
and yet most of them were mere cogs
in a gigantic machine heading for doom.
in a gigantic machine heading for doom.
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但 Palchinsky 不同，他乞求工程师
07:17
Palchinsky, on the other hand,
implored engineers
implored engineers
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考虑他们的决定对于经济、
政治和社会的影响；
政治和社会的影响；
07:20
to look at the economic, political
and social consequences of their actions;
and social consequences of their actions;
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也就是更加的公众导向。
07:25
in other words, be more public-focused.
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他勇敢理性的声音被视为威胁，
07:28
His fearless voice of reason
was seen as a threat
was seen as a threat
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威胁了政治格局，
07:32
to the political establishment,
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斯大林在1929年处死了他。
07:34
and Joseph Stalin
had him executed in 1929.
had him executed in 1929.
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Palchinsky 对于技术专家的观点
07:39
Palchinsky's view on technocrats
is very different
is very different
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跟当前依然非常流行和普遍的观点
非常的不同——
非常的不同——
07:43
from one that is still very popular,
still very common --
still very common --
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想象一位心平气和地研究人员
在象牙塔中做研究，
在象牙塔中做研究，
07:49
that of a dispassionate researcher
working in his ivory tower lab,
working in his ivory tower lab,
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或一位古怪的工程师
摆弄他的试管。
摆弄他的试管。
07:54
or a nerdy engineer
working in his cubicle.
working in his cubicle.
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这毫无疑问是睿智的，
07:58
Brilliant, no doubt,
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但是却跟这个世界割裂了，
08:00
yet somehow cut off from the world,
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没有什么情感——
08:02
shows little emotion --
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就像是星际迷航中的 Spock，对么？
08:05
kind of like Spock
from "Star Trek," you know?
from "Star Trek," you know?
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那个家伙。
08:08
This guy.
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（笑声）
08:10
(Laughter)
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让我们尝试想 Spock 致敬。
08:11
Let's try and do the Spock salute.
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我不知道自己能否成功……
08:14
I don't think I'll succeed ...
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看，我不是 Spock。
08:16
See, I can't be Spock.
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谢天谢地我我做不了 Spock。
08:18
Thank goodness I can't be Spock.
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（笑声）
08:20
(Laughter)
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08:23
I was reminded of this distinction
because a recent article came out
because a recent article came out
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我之所以注意到这个差别
是因为最近一篇文章
是因为最近一篇文章
刊登在一个非常有影响力的科学期刊，
08:28
in a very reputed scientific journal,
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评价我们在福林市的工作是
“青年理想主义”，
“青年理想主义”，
08:31
which kind of characterized our Flint work
as driven by "youthful idealism,"
as driven by "youthful idealism,"
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以及“好莱坞戏剧式敏感”。
08:36
and "Hollywood's dramatic sensibilities."
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它号召科学家不惜一切代价，
不管原因是否正义，
不管原因是否正义，
08:39
It asks scientists to protect
their research funding and institutions
their research funding and institutions
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保护他们的研究经费和机构。
08:44
at all costs, no matter
how just the cause.
how just the cause.
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如果你觉得自己有必要介入
一些事件，
一些事件，
08:48
And if you think you have to get
involved in something,
involved in something,
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即使非常紧急，
08:51
even if it's an emergency,
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先尝试找一个活动团体或 NGO，
08:53
try finding an activist group or an NGO,
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然后获得学术团体的完全支持——
08:57
and obtain the full support
of the academic community --
of the academic community --
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且不论完全支持是什么意思——
09:00
whatever that means --
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然后在考虑介入。
09:02
before you get involved.
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没有人提到我们在精神上
和作为专业人士的责任
和作为专业人士的责任
09:04
Not one mention of our moral
and professional obligation
and professional obligation
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去避免对公众利益的损害，
09:08
of preventing harm to the public,
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没人提到我们有专业技能，
09:10
or the fact that we have
all this expertise,
all this expertise,
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资源，甚至有些人有终身教职，
09:14
resources and, for some, even tenure
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去实现这个任务。
09:17
to, you know, accomplish this task.
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我并不是说所有的科学家
都需要成为活动家。
都需要成为活动家。
09:20
I'm not saying every scientist
should be an activist.
should be an activist.
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公开发表观点有时候会带来
非常痛苦的结果。
非常痛苦的结果。
09:23
There are real and sometimes very painful
consequences of speaking up.
consequences of speaking up.
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但是仅仅为了保护你的研究经费，
09:28
But to denounce this idea,
this possibility so completely
this possibility so completely
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或者仅仅因为你己的胆小，
09:33
so that you can protect research funding,
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而非常绝对地否定这个观点，
09:35
simply screams of self-serving cowardice,
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我们希望传递给我们学生的
一定不是这样的思想。
一定不是这样的思想。
09:38
and these are not the ideals
we would want to pass to our students.
we would want to pass to our students.
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而你可能会想，
”好吧，听起来很棒，
”好吧，听起来很棒，
09:44
And so you may think,
"OK, all this sounds great,
"OK, all this sounds great,
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但是你永远不可能改变
组织的文化，
组织的文化，
09:47
but you'll never completely change
organizational cultures,
organizational cultures,
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或在学生和教授的脑子里
植入这样的观念
植入这样的观念
09:51
or imbibe mindsets in students
and professionals
and professionals
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将他们的工作视为公众利益——
09:55
to look at their work as a public good --
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为了大众服务的科学。”
09:58
science in service to the public."
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或许吧。
10:01
Maybe so.
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但是会不会是因为
10:02
But could a big reason for that be
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我们训练学生的方法是错误的？
10:04
that we are not training
our students right?
our students right?
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因为如果你仔细想想，
10:08
Because if you look closely,
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我们的教育系统现在
更加注重培养
更加注重培养
10:10
our education system today
is focused more on creating
is focused more on creating
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前耶鲁教授 Bill Deresiewicz
说的“优秀的绵羊”——
说的“优秀的绵羊”——
10:15
what ex-Yale professor Bill Deresiewicz
calls "excellent sheep" --
calls "excellent sheep" --
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聪明和有上进心的年轻人
10:20
young people who are smart and ambitious,
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同时厌恶风险、胆小、没有方向，
10:23
and yet somehow risk-averse,
timid, directionless
timid, directionless
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而且，有时，只想着自己。
10:28
and, sometimes, full of themselves.
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现在，孩子们 … 你知道，
10:30
Now, kids ... you know,
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我们在小时候沉迷于科学，
10:32
we fell in love with science
when we were kids,
when we were kids,
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却不知为何在高中和大学
花费大部分时间
花费大部分时间
10:35
and yet we somehow spend most of our time
during high school and college
during high school and college
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只是在往上爬，
10:39
just jumping through hoops
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做一些能够美化我们简历的事情，
10:41
and doing things
so that we can polish our résumé
so that we can polish our résumé
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忘记了坐下来，
10:44
instead of sitting down
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思考我们到底想要做的事情，
想要成为的人。
想要成为的人。
10:46
and reflecting on what we want to do
and who we want to be.
and who we want to be.
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而且，
10:53
And so,
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过去二十年来我们的
高校研究生中
高校研究生中
10:55
the markers of empathy
in our college graduates
in our college graduates
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认为自己富有同情心的人
大幅度减少，
大幅度减少，
10:59
have been dropping dramatically
in the past two decades,
in the past two decades,
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而具有自恋表现的比例在上升。
11:02
while those of narcissism are on the rise.
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与此同时工程专业学生和大众之间的
11:05
There is also a growing culture
of disengagement
of disengagement
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关联在进一步疏远。
11:07
between engineering students
and the public.
and the public.
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我们训练学生构建桥梁，
解决复杂问题，
解决复杂问题，
11:11
We are trained to build bridges
and solve complex problems
and solve complex problems
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却没有传授他们，如果作为一名
公民生活和思考。
公民生活和思考。
11:16
but not how to think or live
or be a citizen of this world.
or be a citizen of this world.
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我的本科生活就是明明确确的
找工作的准备期，
找工作的准备期，
11:21
My undergraduate years
were explicit job preparation,
were explicit job preparation,
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我无法告诉你这个过程中有时会
多么痛苦和令人窒息。
多么痛苦和令人窒息。
11:26
and I cannot tell you how suffocating
and painful it was at times.
and painful it was at times.
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然后，
11:31
And so,
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有人可能会觉得培养伟大的
工程师和科学家的方法
工程师和科学家的方法
11:33
some people think the solution
to great engineers, to great scientists,
to great engineers, to great scientists,
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是更多的技术训练。
11:37
is more technical training.
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或许吧。
11:38
Maybe so.
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但是也需要这样的讨论，例如
涉及伦理的决策，
涉及伦理的决策，
11:40
But where are the discussions
on ethical decision-making,
on ethical decision-making,
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或性格角色的塑造，
11:43
or building character,
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或者区分对错的能力？
11:45
or discerning right from wrong?
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来看看我非常喜爱和欣赏的
一个项目。
一个项目。
11:49
Consider this project
that I deeply love and admire.
that I deeply love and admire.
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名字叫“英雄主义想象力计划。”
11:54
It's called, "Heroic Imagination Project."
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老顽童 Phil Zimbardo 博士，
11:56
A brainchild of Dr. Phil Zimbardo,
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著名斯坦福监狱实验的设计者，
11:59
famous for the Stanford Prison Experiment,
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这项计划训练全球范围的
适龄儿童
适龄儿童
12:02
this program seeks to train
school-going children around the world
school-going children around the world
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将自己视为蓄势待发的英雄，
12:07
to look at themselves
as heroes-in-waiting,
as heroes-in-waiting,
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3440
或正接受培训的英雄。
12:10
or heroes-in-training.
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所以，这些年轻的思想，不断地
磨练自己的意志和技能，
磨练自己的意志和技能，
12:12
So, these young minds work over time
to develop skills and virtues
to develop skills and virtues
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等待机会的到来，
12:18
so that when the opportunity comes,
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不管是什么样的机会，
12:20
no matter what that opportunity be,
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都会挺身而出，做正确的事。
12:23
to stand up and do the right thing.
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换句话说，
12:26
In other words,
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人人皆是英雄。
12:27
anyone can be a hero.
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停下来回味一下这个想法。
12:30
Think about that idea for a second.
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为什么我们不在科学和工程教育中
引入这样的方法——
引入这样的方法——
12:33
Why don't we teach science
and engineering like that --
and engineering like that --
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英雄注意和公众服务被视为
核心利益，
核心利益，
12:36
where heroism and public service
are seen as key values,
are seen as key values,
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因为确实地，英雄主义
12:40
because indeed, it's often heroism
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不仅是对公众冷漠的解毒剂，
12:43
that is not only the antidote
to public indifference,
to public indifference,
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3748
也是对抗福林市那样系统性的
罪恶的解毒剂。
罪恶的解毒剂。
12:47
but also to systemic evil
like we saw in Flint.
like we saw in Flint.
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所以，跟我一起梦想
12:52
And so, dream with me
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1434
一个二十一世纪的科学家和工程师
可能成为的样子：
可能成为的样子：
12:53
what a 21st-century scientist
slash engineer could look like:
slash engineer could look like:
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那些掌握科学技能的个人
12:57
individuals who are driven
to master the sciences
to master the sciences
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能够服务社会大众，
13:01
so that they can serve society,
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1974
同时也能够
13:03
and are also aware
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1194
认识到自己力量的强大，
决策的重要；
决策的重要；
13:04
of the tremendous power
their knowledge and decisions have;
their knowledge and decisions have;
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这些人能够持续不断地
发展自己的精神勇气，
发展自己的精神勇气，
13:08
folks who are developing
their moral courage at all times,
their moral courage at all times,
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3743
并且意识到冲突和争议
13:12
and who realize that conflict
and controversy
and controversy
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3786
并不一定是坏事
13:16
are not necessarily bad things
238
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2104
如果我们的终极目标，是为了
地球和人类的福祉。
地球和人类的福祉。
13:18
if our ultimate loyalty
is to the public and the planet.
is to the public and the planet.
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这些人会像福林事件中的我们
一样挺身而出——
一样挺身而出——
13:22
These are the people who will
stand up like we did in Flint --
stand up like we did in Flint --
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不是媒体中的救世主或英雄形象，
13:27
not to be saviors or heroes in the media,
241
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3735
而是你我能够信任的那种
利他主义的好人。
利他主义的好人。
13:31
but altruistic and fundamentally good
actors that you and I can trust.
actors that you and I can trust.
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6951
想象一下培养公共利益导向的
思维模式，
思维模式，
13:39
Imagine fostering
such a public-focused mindset
such a public-focused mindset
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在课堂里、在服务过程中、
在活动中、
在活动中、
13:44
in classes, on service trips
and during activities
and during activities
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3455
在大学里、甚至在高中，
13:48
during college or even high school,
245
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2342
那么这些年轻的思想就可能
在进入社会时，
在进入社会时，
13:50
so that these young minds
will hold onto those ideals
will hold onto those ideals
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3814
保持这种思维方式，
13:54
when they actually enter the real world,
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不管是做咨询，学术，决策——
13:56
whether that be consulting,
academia, policy making --
academia, policy making --
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甚至成为国家的总统。
14:00
or even becoming
the president of a country.
the president of a country.
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我们将要面对的，是人类
最伟大的挑战；
最伟大的挑战；
14:05
Some of mankind's greatest
challenges lie ahead of us;
challenges lie ahead of us;
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饮用水污染仅仅是
其中一例。
其中一例。
14:09
contaminated drinking water
is just one example.
is just one example.
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我们绝对可以使用更多——
14:12
We could definitely use more --
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2070
不，我们急迫的需要更多——
充满激情的杰出的人
充满激情的杰出的人
14:14
nay, we desperately need more --
compassionate upstanders
compassionate upstanders
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4987
以及关心公众利益的
科学家和工程师
科学家和工程师
14:19
and public-focused
scientists and engineers
scientists and engineers
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他们能够坚持做正确的事情，
14:22
who will strive to the do right thing,
255
850854
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并且不容易被管理住。
14:24
and not be easy to manage.
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852887
2012
谢谢。
14:26
Thank you.
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（掌声）
14:28
(Applause)
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4524
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Siddhartha Roy - Environmental engineerSiddhartha Roy is an environmental engineer and science communicator who works at the nexus of water quality, public health and environmental justice. He and his team helped uncover the Flint, Michigan Water Crisis.
Why you should listen
Perennially distracted, Siddhartha Roy has spent the last five years studying failures in drinking water infrastructure (leaky pipes), lamenting the way the water industry communicates with the American public and writing about the rise of perverse incentives in research academia. He also serves as the Student Leader of the research team that used citizen science, laboratory experiments, field sampling, investigative journalism and social media to expose the Flint Water Crisis. These efforts led to a declaration of a national public health emergency by President Barack Obama in January 2016, garnered more than $600 million in relief for Flint residents and informed a long overdue debate on "safe" water in America.
Roy is incredulous that quoting a free conference T-shirt in 2014 made him the "Future of Water." He has taken a step back and is now merely a "Rising Star of the Water Industry." He suspects Virginia Tech awarded him their 2017 Graduate Student of the Year award not for his "selfless service contributions and commitment to citizen scholarship," as they claim, but to deter him from spending long hours at cafes staring into space and get back in the laboratory instead. Roy also specializes in speaking with reporters for hours and ensuring only his cusswords get quoted, like this WIRED magazine piece. Grist.org’s Chip Giller notes that Roy "speaks with conviction, passion, and focus" but had Giller paid close attention, he would not have missed Roy’s talents as an accomplished "lead magician."
Roy grew up in India and is currently a PhD candidate in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Virginia Tech. Find out more about his work and writings here.
Siddhartha Roy | Speaker | TED.com