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Tiana Epps-Johnson: What's needed to bring the US voting system into the 21st century
蒂安娜 · 埃普斯-约翰逊: 将美国的投票系统带入21世纪需要什么？
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美国的选举系统是复杂的，保守地说——但投票是我们每个人塑造社区的最切实可行的方式之一。我们怎样才能使这个系统更现代化、更包容、更安全?公民参与倡导者蒂安娜•埃普斯-约翰逊与我们分享了将美国的投票带入21世纪，以及让每个人都参与投票所需要的东西。
Tiana Epps-Johnson - Civic engagement champion
Tiana Epps-Johnson works to make the US election system more modern, inclusive and secure. Full bio
Tiana Epps-Johnson works to make the US election system more modern, inclusive and secure. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
OK, I want to take a moment
to let each of you think to yourselves
to let each of you think to yourselves
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我想让你们每个人花点时间回想
00:18
about the last time
you sent or received a fax.
you sent or received a fax.
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上次发传真或收到传真是什么时候。
00:22
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:23
Well, for me, it was this morning,
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就我而言，在这个早晨，
00:25
because one piece of my work
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因为我的工作之一就是
00:27
is making sure that everyone in the US
has the information that they need
has the information that they need
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确保美国的每一个人
都有他们需要的信息
都有他们需要的信息
00:32
to make decisions
about the candidates on their ballot.
about the candidates on their ballot.
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来决定他们选票上的候选人。
00:35
And collecting that information
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从负责维护这些
00:36
from the local government offices
responsible for maintaining it
responsible for maintaining it
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的地方政府部门收集这些信息
00:40
means sending and receiving
a lot of faxes.
a lot of faxes.
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意味着要发送和接收大量传真。
00:45
Voting is one of our most
fundamental rights.
fundamental rights.
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投票是我们最基本的权利。
00:48
It's one of the most tangible ways
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这是我们每一个人
00:50
that each and every one of us
can shape our communities.
can shape our communities.
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塑造我们的社区
最切实可行的方式之一。
最切实可行的方式之一。
00:53
And as we enter this fourth
industrial revolution,
industrial revolution,
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而随着我们进入这第四次工业革命，
00:56
where technology is changing
everything around us,
everything around us,
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技术正在改变我们周遭的一切，
00:58
you would think, with something
as important as the right to vote,
as important as the right to vote,
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你可能会想，像投票权
这样重要的事情，
这样重要的事情，
01:03
that we would have
the most modern, secure,
the most modern, secure,
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应该有最现代，最安全，
01:06
inclusive system that could exist ...
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最包容的系统…
01:09
But we don't.
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但我们没有。
01:11
When we look at comparable democracies,
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当我们看看类似的民主国家，
01:13
the US has one of the lowest
voter turnout rates in the world.
voter turnout rates in the world.
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美国是世界上的投票率
最低的国家之一。
最低的国家之一。
01:17
We have a system where even
the most persistent voters
the most persistent voters
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即便是最坚持不懈的选民，
01:21
come up against exhausting barriers.
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也会因为系统的各种障碍
而精疲力竭。
而精疲力竭。
01:23
A system where 20th-century technology --
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这个还用20世纪技术的系统——
01:26
like fax machines --
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如传真机——
01:27
and outdated practices stand in the way
of full, vibrant participation.
of full, vibrant participation.
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以及其他过时的做法阻碍了选民
全面、积极的参与。
全面、积极的参与。
01:33
In US presidential elections,
turnout hovers around 60 percent.
turnout hovers around 60 percent.
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在美国总统大选中，
投票率徘徊在60%。
投票率徘徊在60%。
01:38
The numbers are even lower
for local elections.
for local elections.
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这个数字在地方选举中
会更低。
会更低。
01:41
That means that nearly 40 percent
of Americans aren't voters.
of Americans aren't voters.
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这意味着40%的美国人
没有参与投票。
没有参与投票。
01:45
That's nearly 100 million people.
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相当于1亿人。
01:50
I believe in something
very straightforward:
very straightforward:
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我相信一些非常直接的东西：
01:54
that everyone should have the information
that they need to become a voter,
that they need to become a voter,
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每个人都应该获得作为选民
所需要的信息，
所需要的信息，
01:57
that the voting process
should be seamless and secure
should be seamless and secure
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投票过程应该严密、安全，
02:01
and that every voter
should have information they trust
should have information they trust
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并且每一个投票人应该拥有
对选票上的候选人作出决定的
可信信息。
可信信息。
02:04
to make decisions
about the candidates on their ballot.
about the candidates on their ballot.
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02:07
Because when more people vote,
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因为当更多人投票，一起投票，
02:09
together, we make better decisions
for our communities.
for our communities.
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我们就能为我们的社区
做更好的决定。
做更好的决定。
02:13
So I've spent the last
eight years on a mission
eight years on a mission
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在过去的八年中，
我参与了推动我们的民主社会
进入21世纪这件事上。
进入21世纪这件事上。
02:16
to push our democracy
into the 21st century.
into the 21st century.
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02:20
Now, one of the most common approaches
to election modernization
to election modernization
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现在，一个让选举现代化的
最常见方式是
最常见方式是
02:23
is advocating for policy change,
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呼吁政策改变，
02:26
and that's an incredibly important
piece of the strategy
piece of the strategy
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这是建立一个让数百万人成为选民
02:29
for building a system where millions
of more people become voters.
of more people become voters.
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的制度的战略中非常重要的一部分。
02:33
But I've taken a different approach.
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但我采取了不同的方式。
02:36
I focused on a critical
yet largely untapped resource
yet largely untapped resource
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我专注于一种重要但很大程度上
未开发的资源
未开发的资源
02:39
for election modernization:
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来进行选举现代化。
02:42
local election officials.
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那就是地方选举官员。
02:44
I work with thousands of local
election officials across the country
election officials across the country
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我跟全国各地成千上万
地方选举官员合作
地方选举官员合作
02:48
to build tools and skills
that they can use immediately
that they can use immediately
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来创建他们可以迅速
使用的工具和技能
使用的工具和技能
02:52
to transform the way
that they're engaging today's voters.
that they're engaging today's voters.
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改变他们吸引今天选民的方式。
02:56
Folks like Kat and Marie.
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比如说，凯特和玛丽。
02:58
Kat and Marie have worked together
for years in a windowless office
for years in a windowless office
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凯特和玛丽在西弗吉尼亚州
莫瑟县法院
莫瑟县法院
03:02
in the basement of the Mercer County
Courthouse in West Virginia.
Courthouse in West Virginia.
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地下室一间没有窗户的办公室里
共事多年。
共事多年。
03:06
Together, they have
a tremendous responsibility.
a tremendous responsibility.
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他们共同肩负着巨大的责任。
03:09
They're local election officials serving
Mercer County's 40,000 registered voters.
Mercer County's 40,000 registered voters.
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他们是当地的选举官员，为默瑟县
的4万名注册选民服务。
的4万名注册选民服务。
03:15
Local election officials
are the public servants
are the public servants
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地方选举官员是国家的公职人员，
03:17
that do the day-to-day work
that makes our election system function.
that makes our election system function.
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他们的日常工作
让选举制度发挥作用。
让选举制度发挥作用。
03:21
When you fill out
a voter-registration form,
a voter-registration form,
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当你填写选民登记表时，
03:23
they're the folks that process them
and add you to the rolls.
and add you to the rolls.
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他们是处理登记表，
把你加入名单的人。
把你加入名单的人。
03:27
They're the folks who buy the technology
that we use to cast and count ballots.
that we use to cast and count ballots.
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他们是购买用来投票和
计票技术的人。
计票技术的人。
03:31
They recruit and train the volunteers
at your local polling place.
at your local polling place.
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他们在当地的投票站
招募和培训志愿者。
招募和培训志愿者。
03:35
And they're the official
nonpartisan source
nonpartisan source
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他们是官方的无党派消息来源，
03:38
for informing people
in their communities about how to vote.
in their communities about how to vote.
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让社区的人们知道如何投票。
03:41
And unlike other countries
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跟其他拥有
03:43
where there's some form
of centralized election authority,
of centralized election authority,
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中央选举机构的国家不同的是，
03:46
in the US,
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在美国，
03:48
there are 7,897 different county
and municipal offices,
and municipal offices,
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有7897个不同的县市办事处，
03:54
like Kat and Marie's,
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像凯特和玛丽，
03:55
that each have an independent role
in administering elections.
in administering elections.
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她们在选举方面有独立的作用。
03:59
Yes, that's nearly 8,000
slightly different ways
slightly different ways
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是的，你会体验到8000种略有差异的
选举方式，
选举方式，
04:02
that you might experience voting
based on where you happen to live.
based on where you happen to live.
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这取决于你刚好生活在哪里。
04:07
When I was talking with Kat and Marie,
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当我和凯特和玛丽交流时，
04:09
like so many election officials
that I talk with in rural towns
that I talk with in rural towns
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跟我在乡镇和主要城市交谈过的
04:13
and in major cities alike,
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很多选举官员一样，
04:15
they were deeply proud of getting
to help people in their communities,
to help people in their communities,
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她们颇为自豪能帮助社区的人投票，
04:19
but they were also worried.
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但她们也很担忧。
04:21
All of the new tools that people
were using to get information --
were using to get information --
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所有人们用来获取信息的新工具——
04:24
the internet, social media --
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互联网，社交媒体——
04:26
they were difficult to figure out
how to use effectively.
how to use effectively.
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她们难以研究出
有效使用这些工具的方法。
有效使用这些工具的方法。
04:29
And they felt like they weren't fully
meeting the needs of Mercer County voters.
meeting the needs of Mercer County voters.
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她们觉得自己没有完全满足
默瑟县选民的需求。
默瑟县选民的需求。
04:34
One thing that they really wished
that they had was a website
that they had was a website
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她们很希望拥有的是网站，
04:37
so they could create a hub
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这样她们就可以创建一个信息中心
04:38
with information about
how to register in upcoming elections,
how to register in upcoming elections,
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告诉选民如何注册即将到来的选举，
04:41
and a place to put election results.
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同时创建一个公布选举结果的场所。
04:44
See, at the time,
when voters had questions,
when voters had questions,
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以前，当选民有疑问时，
04:47
they had to either call
or visit their office,
or visit their office,
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人们只能打电话，
或是前往她们的办公室，
或是前往她们的办公室，
04:50
which meant that Kat and Marie
were inevitably answering
were inevitably answering
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这意味着凯特和玛丽不可避免地
04:53
the same questions over and over again,
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一遍遍回答同样的问题，
04:55
which is both a superinefficient
use of their time,
use of their time,
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这非常低效地占据了她们的时间，
04:59
but also created totally unnecessary
barriers for voters
barriers for voters
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并且，当信息完全可以被在线浏览，
05:02
when that information
could just live online.
could just live online.
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这个老系统为投票者
造成了不必要的障碍。
造成了不必要的障碍。
05:06
And Mercer County wasn't alone.
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莫瑟县的情况并非个例。
05:08
At the time, they were one
of 966 counties in the US
of 966 counties in the US
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它是美国966个无网上投票信息
05:13
that had no voting information online.
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的县里面的其中一个。
05:16
I'll let that sink in.
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请记住。
05:19
They were one of the nearly one-third
of counties in the US
of counties in the US
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它们是美国占近1/3的
05:22
that had no place online
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无在线网站
05:23
to find official information
about how to vote.
about how to vote.
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提供官方投票信息的县之一。
对凯特和玛丽而言，
无选举网站是不可接受的。
无选举网站是不可接受的。
05:28
To Kat and Marie, not having
and election website was unacceptable,
and election website was unacceptable,
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05:32
but they didn't have very many options.
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但她们没多余的选择。
05:34
They didn't have the budget
to hire a web developer,
to hire a web developer,
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她们没有预算去雇佣网站开发者，
05:37
they didn't have the expertise
to build a site themselves,
to build a site themselves,
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她们没有自己创建网站的经验，
05:39
so they went without.
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所以她们只能在
没有网站的情况下运作。
没有网站的情况下运作。
05:41
And 40,000 voters
in Mercer County went without.
in Mercer County went without.
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4万个莫瑟县的选民在没有网站的
情况下进行投票。
情况下进行投票。
05:46
We're in a moment where we have
an unprecedented opportunity
an unprecedented opportunity
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我们正处在一个拥有前所未有的机遇
05:50
to transform civic engagement.
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改变公民参与的时代。
05:53
Technology is revolutionizing
science and industry.
science and industry.
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技术正在革新科学和工业。
05:56
It's already transformed
how we connect with one another
how we connect with one another
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它已经改变了我们彼此连接
05:59
and understand the world around us,
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和了解周遭世界的方式，
06:01
but our democratic institutions --
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但我们的民主机构——
06:04
they're being left behind.
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它们却被抛在后面。
06:07
The US is one of the few
major democracies in the world
major democracies in the world
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美国是全球少数几个主要民主国家里
06:10
that puts the onus of voter registration
on the individual voter,
on the individual voter,
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把选民登记的责任推给了个人选民，
06:14
rather than the government.
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而非政府的国家之一。
06:16
The rules that govern how to vote
vary from state to state,
vary from state to state,
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管理如何投票的规则因州而异，
06:19
and sometimes even county to county.
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有时候甚至县跟县都不同。
06:22
And we have ballots
that are pages and pages long.
that are pages and pages long.
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我们的选票长达一页又一页。
06:25
This November, on my ballot,
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这年11月，我的选票上面，
06:28
there are literally over
100 different people and referenda
100 different people and referenda
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真的有超过100个候选人
06:31
for me to make decisions about.
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需要我作出决定。
06:34
We have to be using
the best tools we can bring to bear
the best tools we can bring to bear
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我们必须使用我们有的
06:36
to help voters navigate this complexity,
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最好工具来帮助选民
克服这种复杂的情况，
克服这种复杂的情况，
06:39
and right now, we're not.
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而目前为止，我们并没有。
06:42
One of the most common narratives
I hear in my work
I hear in my work
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我在工作中听到的最常见故事之一是
06:45
is that people aren't civically engaged
because they're apathetic --
because they're apathetic --
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人们不参加到社会工作中来
是因为他们对社会漠不关心，
是因为他们对社会漠不关心，
06:49
because they don't care.
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因为他们不在乎。
06:52
But as my brilliant friends
at the Center for Civic Design say,
at the Center for Civic Design say,
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但就像我在城市设计中心
的聪明朋友们说的那样，
的聪明朋友们说的那样，
06:55
if there is apathy,
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如果有漠不关心的情况，
06:57
it comes from the system,
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那问题源于国家体系，
06:59
not the voter.
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而非选民本身。
07:01
We can change the system right now
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我们现在就可以改变这个体系，
07:04
by connecting local election officials
like Kat and Marie
like Kat and Marie
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通过给本地选举官员，
像凯特与玛丽，
像凯特与玛丽，
07:08
with 21st-century tools
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21世纪的工具
07:10
and the training that they need
to use them to better serve voters.
to use them to better serve voters.
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和所需的培训来
让他们更好服务选民。
让他们更好服务选民。
07:16
Tools and training to do things like
use social media for voter engagement,
use social media for voter engagement,
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这些工具和培训包括
使用社交媒体来提高选民参与度，
使用社交媒体来提高选民参与度，
07:21
or use data to staff
and equip polling places
and equip polling places
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或是通过数据
给投票站配备人手，
给投票站配备人手，
07:23
so that we don't see
hours-long lines at the polls,
hours-long lines at the polls,
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这样我们就不会看到
长达数小时的投票排队，
长达数小时的投票排队，
07:27
or training on cybersecurity
best practices
best practices
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或者培训符合
网络安全的最佳操作，
网络安全的最佳操作，
07:29
so that we can ensure
that our voting systems are secure.
that our voting systems are secure.
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这样我们就能确保
投票系统的安全。
投票系统的安全。
07:34
When we invest in this approach,
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当我们以这样的方式投入时，
07:35
we see meaningful, lasting results.
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我们会看到有意义、持续的结果。
07:40
Kat and Marie are online now.
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凯特和玛丽现在上线了。
07:42
Inspired by their experience,
we built a website template
we built a website template
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受她们遭遇的启发，
我们建立了一个网站模板
我们建立了一个网站模板
07:45
using research-based
best practices in civic design,
best practices in civic design,
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基于研究，网站的设计是
最有利于民众操作的，
最有利于民众操作的，
07:49
and developed the training
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同时我们还开发了培训内容，
07:50
so that Kat and Marie are able
to maintain their site themselves.
to maintain their site themselves.
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这样，凯特和玛丽能够
维护她们自己的网站。
07:55
In less than a week,
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在不到一周的时间内
她们从从未见过网站的后端,
她们从从未见过网站的后端,
07:56
they went from having never seen
the back end of a website
the back end of a website
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08:00
to building a resource
for Mercer County voters
for Mercer County voters
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到能够为莫瑟县的选民提供资源，
08:02
that they have been independently
keeping up to date since 2014.
keeping up to date since 2014.
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自2014年以来，她们一直在独立
保持着网站的更新。
保持着网站的更新。
08:07
Today, the 40,000 voters in Mercer County
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今天，4万位莫瑟县的选民
08:10
and over 100,000 voters
in counties across the country
in counties across the country
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和全国超过10万的选民
08:14
have everything that they need
to become a voter
to become a voter
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可以获得他们作为选民
需要的所有信息，
需要的所有信息，
08:16
directly from their local
election official,
election official,
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直接来源于当地的选举官员，
08:18
on a mobile-friendly,
easy-to-use, accessible website.
easy-to-use, accessible website.
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这些信息都在一个拥有移动端、
触手可及、便于操作的网站。
触手可及、便于操作的网站。
08:24
And we can even further scale the impact
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我们还可以进一步扩大影响，
08:28
when local election officials
are not only reaching out
are not only reaching out
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地方选举官员不仅可以
通过自己的渠道
通过自己的渠道
08:30
through their own channels,
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扩大影响，
08:32
but they're extending their reach
by working in partnership with others.
by working in partnership with others.
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她们还可以通过与他人合作
来扩大覆盖范围。
来扩大覆盖范围。
08:36
Efforts like the Ballot
Information Project
Information Project
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诸如“选票信息计划”和
08:38
and the Voting Information Project
work with election officials nationwide
work with election officials nationwide
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“投票信息计划”，这些项目与
全国范围内的选举官员合作，
全国范围内的选举官员合作，
08:43
to create a centralized, standard database
of key voting information,
of key voting information,
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来创建一个中心化、标准化的数据库，
包含所有关键投票信息，
包含所有关键投票信息，
08:47
like what's on your ballot
and where to vote.
and where to vote.
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比如你的选票上有什么和
到哪里去投票。
到哪里去投票。
08:51
That information powers tools built
by companies like Google and Facebook
by companies like Google and Facebook
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这些信息为谷歌和脸书等公司
开发的工具提供了强大的支持，
开发的工具提供了强大的支持，
08:55
to get information in the places
where people already are,
where people already are,
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可以在人们已经在的地方获取信息
08:58
like their newsfeed and search.
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如他们信息流和搜索。
09:02
In 2016, the Ballot Information Project
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2016年，“选票信息计划”
09:05
connected the public with information
about candidates and referenda
about candidates and referenda
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联结公众与候选人信息和投票信息，
09:09
over 200 millions times,
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超过2亿次，
09:13
helping between a third and a half
of every single person who cast a ballot.
of every single person who cast a ballot.
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帮助了大概1/3到1/2的投票选民。
09:19
And that model has been replicated
for elections around the world.
for elections around the world.
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这个模式在世界各地的选举中
被得以复制。
被得以复制。
09:24
When we look at efforts
in other areas of government,
in other areas of government,
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当我们审视政府在
其他方面的作为时，
其他方面的作为时，
09:27
we can see the opportunity
when we listen to the public's needs
when we listen to the public's needs
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我们可以看到这些机遇：
当我们倾听公众的需求，
当我们倾听公众的需求，
09:32
and we meet them with modern tools.
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并用现代工具满足他们的需求 。
09:34
I think about my friends at mRelief,
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我想到了我在mRelief的朋友们，
09:36
who have helped 260,000 families
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他们帮助26万家庭
09:39
unlock 42 million dollars in food benefits
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获得了4200万美元的食物补贴，
09:44
by helping government agencies
transition away
transition away
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方法是通过帮助政府机构
09:46
from a 20-page, paper-based
application for food stamps
application for food stamps
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将20页纸的纸质食品券申请，
09:50
to a process that can happen
in 10 questions over text message
in 10 questions over text message
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变成一项在三分钟内
就能通过短信
就能通过短信
09:56
in fewer than three minutes.
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回答10个问题而做到的事。
09:58
That kind of transformation
is possible in voting.
is possible in voting.
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这种转变在选举中是可能的。
10:02
It's happening right now,
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现在正在发生，
10:05
but there's still so much work to do.
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当仍然有很多工作要做。
10:08
Now, if you have any technical
bone in your body,
bone in your body,
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如果你有对科技技术有任何了解，
10:12
I know what you're thinking.
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我知道你们在想什么。
10:14
This is all solvable.
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这都是可以解决的。
10:16
The technology that we need exists.
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我们需要的技术是现存的。
10:19
We collectively have the expertise.
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我们都有专业知识。
10:22
You might even be thinking
about volunteering
about volunteering
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你甚至可以考虑在你们
的地方选举办公室
的地方选举办公室
10:24
at your local election office.
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做志愿者。
10:26
I love how solutions-oriented you are,
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我喜欢你们以解决问题为导向的
工作方式，
工作方式，
10:29
but to be clear,
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但要明确的是，
10:31
the work that is needed
to modernize our election system
to modernize our election system
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现代化我们的选举系统
所需的工作，
所需的工作，
10:34
isn't something that's going to happen
using 20 percent time,
using 20 percent time,
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并不能靠只花20%的时间
就能完成，
就能完成，
10:38
or through a hackathon,
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也不是进行一场编程马拉松
就能达到的，
就能达到的，
10:39
or by doing a one-off technology project.
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或是一场一次性的项目
就能搞定的。
就能搞定的。
10:42
What we need is significant,
sustained, long-term investment.
sustained, long-term investment.
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我们需要的是显著、持续
和长期的投入。
和长期的投入。
10:49
Investment in technology
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投资技术，
10:51
and investment in the skills
of local election officials
of local election officials
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投资地方选举官员的技能
10:53
to run 21st-century elections,
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来运转21世纪的选举，
10:57
because if we don't
invest in the long game,
invest in the long game,
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因为如果我们不能长期投入，
11:00
we risk finding ourselves
perpetually behind.
perpetually behind.
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我们可能会发现自己永远落后。
11:03
So if you're ready to help millions,
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所以如果你打算帮助成千上万的人，
11:07
if you're ready to close the gap
between the system that we have
between the system that we have
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如果你打算消除我们现有的体系
11:10
and the system that we deserve,
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和我们应该拥有的体系之间的差异，
11:12
we need you.
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我们需要你们。
11:14
Organizations that are doing
this work year-round need you.
this work year-round need you.
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常年从事这项工作的组织需要你。
11:18
Local election offices need you.
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地方选举办公室需要你。
11:21
Come join us.
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来加入我们。
11:23
Thank you.
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谢谢。
11:25
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tiana Epps-Johnson - Civic engagement championTiana Epps-Johnson works to make the US election system more modern, inclusive and secure.
Why you should listen
As the founder and executive director at the Center for Technology and Civic Life, Tiana Epps-Johnson leads a team that provides resources and training to support local election officials in modernizing the ways they communicate with voters and administer elections. Her team also publishes free, open-source civic datasets that have been accessed over 200 million times through some of the most powerful tools that drive civic participation.
Tiana Epps-Johnson | Speaker | TED.com