TED2018
Romain Lacombe: A personal air-quality tracker that lets you know what you're breathing
罗曼·拉科姆: 个人空气质量追踪器——让你了解你呼吸的空气
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你多久才会考虑一次你正在呼吸的空气质量呢？次数可能不多，企业家兼TED讲者罗曼·拉科姆如是说。他介绍了“Flow”——一款个人手持空气质量追踪器，它可以实时监测空气污染状况。了解一下这款设备是如何帮助你追踪和理解各个街道每时每刻的污染状况——它能让你行动起来，变得更健康。
Romain Lacombe - Environmental entrepreneur
Romain Lacombe creates technology to track and forecast air quality levels in real time. Full bio
Romain Lacombe creates technology to track and forecast air quality levels in real time. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So for the past 12 years,
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在过去的12年中，
有一个想法一直
在我脑海中挥之不去：
在我脑海中挥之不去：
00:15
I've been obsessed with this idea
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气候变化是一个事关信息的问题，
00:17
that climate change
is an information issue
is an information issue
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而电脑会帮我们解决这个问题。
00:20
that computers will help us fight.
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我从数据科学转向气候政策研究，
00:22
I went from data science
to climate policy research,
to climate policy research,
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又从科技转向公共服务，
00:25
from tech to public service,
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只为了追求更好的数据，
00:26
in pursuit of better data
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以避免因浪费能源、资源和机会
00:28
to avoid the wasted energy,
resources, opportunities
resources, opportunities
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00:31
that lead to runaway carbon emissions.
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导致的碳排放失控。
00:34
Until one day, running in the streets
with a friend, it hit me:
with a friend, it hit me:
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直到某一天，当我和朋友
一起在街上跑步时，我突然想到：
一起在街上跑步时，我突然想到：
00:38
the same cars, factories, power plants
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那些汽车、工厂、发电厂，
长期来看，它们排放的废气
正在破坏我们的气候，
正在破坏我们的气候，
00:41
whose emissions are wrecking
our climate over time
our climate over time
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同时它们还在当地排放有毒污染物，
00:45
also release harmful, local pollutants
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00:47
that threaten our health
right here and right now.
right here and right now.
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此时此刻，正威胁着我们的健康。
我一直专注于长期环境威胁，
00:50
All this time I'd focused
on the long-term environmental risk
on the long-term environmental risk
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但我真正应该反对的
00:54
when I should have been up in arms
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00:56
about the immediate health impact
of pollutants in the air.
of pollutants in the air.
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却是空气中那些
会立刻损害健康的污染物。
会立刻损害健康的污染物。
空气污染是一项
非常严重的公共健康危机。
非常严重的公共健康危机。
01:00
Air pollution is a burning
public health crisis.
public health crisis.
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每年7百万人因此而丧生，
01:02
It kills seven million people every year,
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它对世界经济造成了
50亿美元的损失，
50亿美元的损失，
01:05
it costs five trillion dollars
to the world economy
to the world economy
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更糟糕的是，它会削减
对我们至关重要的东西，
对我们至关重要的东西，
01:10
and, worst, it robs us
of our most precious gift,
of our most precious gift,
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我们的寿命长度：
01:14
the years in our lives:
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它使得我家乡巴黎的
人均寿命缩短6个月，
人均寿命缩短6个月，
01:15
six months of life expectancy
in my hometown of Paris
in my hometown of Paris
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01:19
and up to three, four, five years
in parts of India and China.
in parts of India and China.
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使得印度和中国部分地区的
人均寿命最高缩短3到5年。
人均寿命最高缩短3到5年。
而在美国，汽车尾气造成的
死亡人数甚至高于交通事故。
死亡人数甚至高于交通事故。
01:23
And in the US, more people die
from car exhaust than from car accidents.
from car exhaust than from car accidents.
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01:30
So how do we protect
ourselves from pollution?
ourselves from pollution?
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那么，我们该如何
保护自己远离污染呢？
保护自己远离污染呢？
01:33
The reason it's difficult
is an information gap.
is an information gap.
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我们之所以很难保护自己，
是因为信息缺失。
是因为信息缺失。
我们缺少关于周围环境的信息。
01:36
We simply lack the data
to understand our exposure.
to understand our exposure.
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因为现在空气质量监测系统的目的
01:39
And that's because the way
we monitor air quality today
we monitor air quality today
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并非保证人们的呼吸质量，
而是帮助政府进行监管。
而是帮助政府进行监管。
01:43
is designed not to help people breathe
but to help governments govern.
but to help governments govern.
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大多数城市都有空气质量监测站，
01:47
Most major cities operate networks
of air-quality monitoring stations
of air-quality monitoring stations
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就像伦敦的这个，
01:52
like this one in London,
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用来决定在什么时候进行
交通管制，或是让工厂停工。
交通管制，或是让工厂停工。
01:53
to decide when to cut traffic
or when to shut down factories.
or when to shut down factories.
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这些机器就像是60年代的电脑，
01:56
And these machines
are like the computers from the '60s
are like the computers from the '60s
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能占据整个房间。
01:59
that filled entire rooms.
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它们非常精准，但是体积庞大，
02:01
They're incredibly precise
but incredibly large,
but incredibly large,
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十分笨重，价格昂贵——
02:05
heavy, costly --
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因为这些原因，你只能部署有限的几台，
02:06
so much that you can only deploy
just a few of them,
just a few of them,
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而且无法灵活的移动它们。
02:09
and they cannot move.
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所以在政府眼中，
空气污染只是屏幕上的几个点，
空气污染只是屏幕上的几个点，
02:11
So to governments,
air pollution looks like this.
air pollution looks like this.
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但对于其他人而言，
02:13
But for the rest of us,
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空气污染到处都是。
02:15
air quality looks like this.
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空气质量时刻都在变化：
02:17
It changes all the time:
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每个小时，每条街道，
02:19
hour by hour, street by street,
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在一个街区中
变化就有八次之多。
变化就有八次之多。
02:21
up to eight times
within a single city block.
within a single city block.
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如果你算上市内和户外，
变化次数就更多了。
变化次数就更多了。
02:23
And even more from indoor to outdoor.
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除非你正好走过一个监测站，
02:26
So unless you happen to be walking
right next to one of those stations,
right next to one of those stations,
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不然你无法得知自己呼吸的空气质量。
02:29
they just cannot tell you
what you breathe.
what you breathe.
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如果它被设计用于智能手机，
02:31
So what would environmental
protection look like
protection look like
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环境保护会变成什么样呢?
02:34
if it was designed
for the age of the smartphone?
for the age of the smartphone?
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02:37
So for the past three years,
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在过去的3年中，
我和我的团队研发了一项技术，
02:39
my team and I have been
building a technology
building a technology
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通过一台手持设备来帮助你们
02:42
that helps you know what you breathe
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了解当前的空气质量。
02:44
and fits in your hand.
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02:46
Flow is a personal air-quality tracker
that you can wear with you
that you can wear with you
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Flow是一款个人空气追踪器，
你可以把它放在包上，
自行车上或是婴儿推车上。
自行车上或是婴儿推车上。
02:50
on a backpack, a bike, a stroller.
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它内置微型传感器，
02:53
It's packed with miniature sensors
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能够监测你周围空气中最大的污染物，
02:55
that monitor the most important
pollutants in the air around you,
pollutants in the air around you,
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例如，氮氧化物，
02:58
like nitrogen oxides,
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也就是汽车尾气的主要成分，
03:00
the exhaust gas from cars,
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或是能够进入你血液
03:01
or particulate matter
that gets into your bloodstream
that gets into your bloodstream
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造成中风和心脏疾病的悬浮颗粒，
03:04
and creates strokes and heart issues.
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亦或是挥发性有机化合物，
03:06
Or volatile organic compounds,
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来自日常生活中数以千计的化学产品，
03:09
the thousands of chemicals
in everyday products
in everyday products
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最终被我们吸入肺中。
03:11
that we end up breathing.
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上述的原因让这项数值
具有实际的参考价值，
具有实际的参考价值，
03:13
And that makes this data actionable
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能够让你了解你呼吸的空气质量，
03:15
and helps you understand
what you're breathing
what you're breathing
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它会提醒何时何地
在你周围的空气质量较差，
在你周围的空气质量较差，
03:17
by telling you where and when
you've been exposed to poor air quality,
you've been exposed to poor air quality,
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以帮助你做出明智的决定，
03:21
and that way you can make
informed decisions
informed decisions
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行动起来，对抗污染。
03:23
to take action against pollution.
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你可以更换日常用品，
03:25
You can change the products
you use at home,
you use at home,
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你可以找到一条更好的上班路线，
03:27
you can find the best route
to cycle to work,
to cycle to work,
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你可以选择污染较轻的时候去跑步，
03:29
you can run when pollution is not peaking
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你还可以选择一个空气质量
最好的公园带你的孩子游玩。
最好的公园带你的孩子游玩。
03:32
and you can find the best park
to bring your children out.
to bring your children out.
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长此以往，你会养成
更好的习惯，更少接触污染，
更好的习惯，更少接触污染，
03:35
Over time you build better habits
to decrease your exposure to pollution,
to decrease your exposure to pollution,
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不仅如此，通过监测那些骑手、
03:39
and by tracking air quality around them,
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通勤者和父母周围的空气质量，
03:42
cyclists, commuters, parents
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我们也能构建出城市空气质量地图。
03:44
will also contribute
to mapping air quality in their city.
to mapping air quality in their city.
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所以我们不仅仅建造了一个设备，
03:48
So we're building more than a device,
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还构建了一个社群。
03:49
but a community.
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上个夏天，
03:51
And last summer,
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我们在伦敦将原型机
分发给100个志愿者，
分发给100个志愿者，
03:52
we sent early prototypes of our technology
to 100 volunteers in London,
to 100 volunteers in London,
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他们的数据合起来，构建出了
03:58
and together they mapped air quality
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横跨一千英里街道
04:01
across 1,000 miles of sidewalk
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和伦敦中央20%地区的空气质量图。
04:04
and 20 percent of all of central London.
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所以我们现在的目标
是把这张地图扩大到全世界，
是把这张地图扩大到全世界，
04:06
So our goal now is to scale
this work around the world,
this work around the world,
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收集大众信息，以采集
每一条街道的空气质量信息，
每一条街道的空气质量信息，
04:09
to crowdsource data so we can map
air quality on every street,
air quality on every street,
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来构建一个前所未有的数据库，
04:12
to build an unprecedented database
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这样科学家就可以研究污染，
04:14
so scientists can research pollution,
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同时鼓励市民、民间领袖和政策制定者们
04:17
and to empower citizens,
civic leaders, policy makers
civic leaders, policy makers
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来支持清洁空气的政策。
04:21
to support clean-air policies for change.
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04:25
Because this can and must change.
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因为我们可以，也必须改变空气质量。
你们还记得酒吧里弥漫的烟味吗？
04:28
Remember cigarettes in bars?
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人们花费数十年
对肺癌和二手烟进行研究，
对肺癌和二手烟进行研究，
04:31
It took decades of lung cancer research
and second-hand smoking studies,
and second-hand smoking studies,
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但最终，我们到达了临界点，
通过了禁烟法案。
通过了禁烟法案。
04:35
but eventually, we reached a tipping point
and we passed smoking-ban laws.
and we passed smoking-ban laws.
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我们必须达到空气质量的临界点，
而我相信我们会做到。
而我相信我们会做到。
04:39
We must reach the same tipping point
for air quality and I believe we will.
for air quality and I believe we will.
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仅在过去的几年中，
04:43
In the past couple years alone,
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政府就对那些不遵守
排放标准的汽车制造商
排放标准的汽车制造商
04:44
governments have fined
carmakers record amounts
carmakers record amounts
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征收了罚款。
04:47
for cheating on emission standards.
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各大城市纷纷征收交通拥堵费，
或是建造自行车道——
或是建造自行车道——
04:49
Cities have passed congestion charges
or built bike lanes --
or built bike lanes --
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例如巴黎，
04:52
like Paris that turned this highway,
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就把我家旁边，市中心的一条公路，
04:55
right next to my home,
in the middle of the city,
in the middle of the city,
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改造成了沿海公园。
04:57
into a waterfront park.
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现在世界各地的市长都在考虑
04:59
And now mayors around the world
are thinking of banning diesel outright
are thinking of banning diesel outright
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在2025、2030、2035年前
逐步完全禁止内燃机。
逐步完全禁止内燃机。
05:03
by 2025, 2030, 2035.
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05:07
But how much faster could we go,
how many lives could we save?
how many lives could we save?
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但我们行动能有多快？
我们能拯救多少条生命？
我们能拯救多少条生命？
05:12
Technology alone
will not solve climate change,
will not solve climate change,
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仅仅靠科技是无法应对气候变化的，
它也无法让空气污染在一夜间消失。
05:15
nor will it make air pollution
disappear overnight.
disappear overnight.
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但它能让空气质量的信息公开透明，
05:18
But it can make the quality
of our air much more transparent,
of our air much more transparent,
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05:22
and if we can empower people
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并且如果我们能鼓励人们
行动起来，改善自己的健康，
05:24
to take action
to improve their own health,
to improve their own health,
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那么团结起来，我们就能给污染划上句号。
05:26
then together we can act
to bring an end to our pollution.
to bring an end to our pollution.
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05:30
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢。
（掌声）
05:31
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Romain Lacombe - Environmental entrepreneurRomain Lacombe creates technology to track and forecast air quality levels in real time.
Why you should listen
With his environmental technology startup Plume Labs, inventor Romain Lacombe builds advanced technologies to help citizens measure, track, map and forecast the quality of the air they breathe. Plume's free app sends live smog alerts to help you take action against pollution. "Air quality is the first avoidable cause of death today," Lacombe says. "Yet no tech company or government agency is addressing it with our focus, resolve and citizen-centric approach." Lacombe's team is currently developing Flow, a wearable air-quality sensor that analyzes ambient air quality, alerting users as well as creating crowdsourced air-quality maps.
More profile about the speakerRomain Lacombe | Speaker | TED.com