TEDxNYED
Lawrence Lessig: Re-examining the remix
拉里莱斯格：重新审视混搭文化
Filmed:
Readability: 4.3
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在TEDxNYED，原“少年共和党”成员拉里莱斯格认为，关于版权问题，民主党人可以从保守的共和党那里学到很多。提供了看待混搭文化的全新视角。
Lawrence Lessig - Legal activist
Lawrence Lessig has already transformed intellectual-property law with his Creative Commons innovation. Now he's focused on an even bigger problem: The US' broken political system. Full bio
Lawrence Lessig has already transformed intellectual-property law with his Creative Commons innovation. Now he's focused on an even bigger problem: The US' broken political system. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I want to talk about
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我想告诉大家
00:18
what we learn from conservatives.
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我们可以从保守的角度学到什么。
00:21
And I'm at a stage in life where I'm yearning for my old days,
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我站在我渴望已久的人生舞台上
00:24
so I want to confess to you
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坦白的告诉各位
00:26
that when I was a kid,
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当我还是一个小孩时
00:30
indeed, I was a conservative.
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我已经是保守派了
00:33
I was a Young Republican, a Teenage Republican,
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我曾经是少年共和党员，
00:35
a leader in the Teenage Republicans.
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担任过青少年共和党的领袖
00:37
Indeed, I was the youngest member
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实际上，我曾是最年轻的成员
00:39
of any delegation
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在所有代表团中都是
00:41
in the 1980 convention that elected Ronald Reagan
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1980年共和党大会上，罗纳德里根被选中
00:43
to be the Republican nominee for president.
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他被提名为共和党的总统候选人
00:47
Now, I know what you're thinking.
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现在我知道你们在想什么。
00:49
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:51
You're thinking, "That's not what the Internets say."
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你们在想：“网上可没这么说。”
00:55
You're thinking, "Wikipedia doesn't say this fact."
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你们会想：“维基百科上没有提到呀。”
00:58
And indeed, this is just one of the examples
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实际上，这就是一个例子
01:01
of the junk that flows across the tubes
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一个网上垃圾信息泛滥的例子
01:03
in these Internets here.
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在互联网上
01:06
Wikipedia reports that this guy,
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维基百科记载了这个家伙，
01:08
this former congressman from Erie, Pennsylvania
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这位来自伊利市的前宾夕法尼亚众议院国会议员
01:11
was, at the age of 20, one of the youngest people
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曾在20岁时作为最年轻的参会者之一
01:13
at the Republican National Convention,
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参加了共和党全国大会
01:15
but it's just not true.
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但这不对。
01:18
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:20
Indeed, it drives me so nuts, let me just change this little fact here.
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事实上，这条很让我难受，让我现在就把它纠正过来。
01:23
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:26
(Applause)
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（掌声）
01:30
All right. Okay, so ... perfect.
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好了，这样才完美。
01:33
Perfect.
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非常好。
01:35
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:39
Okay, speaker Lawrence Lessig, right.
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好的，演讲者劳伦斯莱斯格，对了。
01:42
Okay.
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好。
01:44
Finally, truth will be brought here.
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最后，真相将被写到这里。
01:46
Okay, see? It's done. It's almost done. Here we go.
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看到没？完成了，差不多了，我们继续。
01:49
"... Youngest Republican," okay, we're finished.
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“最年轻的共和党员” 很好，我们搞订了。
01:53
That's it. Please save this.
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请保存。
01:56
Great, here we go.
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这样就可以了。
01:59
And ... Wikipedia is fixed, finally.
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维基百科最终还是被修正了
02:02
Okay, but no, this is really besides the point.
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好吧，这已超出我们的话题了。
02:05
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
02:09
But the thing I want you to think about when we think about conservatives --
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但我希望大家想一想当我们想到保守－
02:12
not so much this issue of the 1980 convention --
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不过多涉及到这个1980年大会上的问题－
02:14
the thing to think about is this:
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我们考虑以下这个问题：
02:16
They go to church.
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他们去教堂。
02:18
Now, you know, I mean, a lot of people go to church.
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你知道有很多人去教堂。
02:20
I'm not talking about that only conservatives go to church.
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我不是说只有保守派才去教堂。
02:23
And I'm not talking about the God thing.
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我也不是在谈神和信仰。
02:25
I don't want to get into that, you know; that's not my point.
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我不想讨论那些，你们知道那不是我今天的重点。
02:27
They go to church, by which I mean,
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他们去教堂，我指的是，
02:29
they do lots of things for free for each other.
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他们为其他人做了很多事，并且是免费的。
02:33
They hold potluck dinners.
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他们准备免费晚餐
02:35
Indeed, they sell books about potluck dinners.
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当然，他们会出售关于免费信徒晚餐的书籍
02:38
They serve food to poor people.
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他们为穷人提供食物。
02:41
They share, they give,
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他们分享。他们奉献，
02:43
they give away for free.
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他们无私奉献。
02:45
And it's the very same people
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而且同样是这些人
02:49
leading Wall Street firms
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领导着华尔街上的公司
02:52
who, on Sundays, show up
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到了礼拜天，去教会
02:55
and share.
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去分享。
02:57
And not only food, right.
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而且不仅是食物。
02:59
These very same people
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这些非常类似的人
03:01
are strong believers, in lots of contexts,
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有强烈的信仰，在许多的情境中，
03:04
in the limits on the markets.
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在有限的市场下。
03:07
They are in many important places
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他们无处不在
03:10
against markets.
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与市场背道而驰
03:12
Indeed, they, like all of us, celebrate this kind of relationship.
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实际上他们和我们一样庆祝这种关系。
03:15
But they're very keen that we don't
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但是他们非常敏锐的杜绝我们
03:17
let money drop into that relationship,
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让金钱介入这种关系，
03:19
else it turns into something like this.
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否则那将变成这样的东西。
03:22
They want to regulate us, those conservatives,
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他们想规范我们，那些保守派，
03:25
to stop us from allowing the market to spread in those places.
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组织我们将市场化的东西扩展到那些地方。
03:28
Because they understand:
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因为他们深知，
03:31
There are places for the market
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有哪里可以有市场
03:33
and places where the market should not exist,
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而另外一些地方不应该存在市场，
03:36
where we should be free
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那儿我们应该保持免费
03:39
to enjoy the fellowship of others.
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从而享受彼此间的和谐关系。
03:42
They recognize: Both of these things have to live together.
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他们认识到，市场和非市场必需共存。
03:46
And the second great thing about conservatives:
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而关于保守的第二伟大的事
03:49
they get ecology.
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他们关注生态
03:51
Right, it was the first great Republican president of the 20th century
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是的，那是20世纪第一位伟大的共和党总统
03:54
who taught us about
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他教会我们
03:56
environmental thinking -- Teddy Roosevelt.
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用环境思维思考，他就是泰迪罗斯福。
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They first taught us about ecology
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他们是第一个让我们了解生态学
04:00
in the context of natural resources.
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在自然资源中的地位。
04:03
And then they began to teach us in the context of
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然后他们开始教我们在大背景中思考
04:05
innovation, economics.
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新制度，新经济
04:07
They understand, in that context,
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他们深刻理解
04:09
"free." They understand "free" is an important
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免费的重要性
04:12
essential part of the
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同时也是文化生态
04:14
cultural ecology as well.
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的重要组成
04:16
That's the thing I want you to think about them.
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那是我想让大家思考的东西
04:21
Now, I know
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现在我知道
04:23
you don't believe me, really, here.
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你们在这里，实际上不相信我。
04:28
So here's exhibit number one.
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所以这儿给大家看第一个例子。
04:30
I want to share with you my latest hero, Julian Sanchez,
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我想和你们分享我的最新英雄，朱利安桑切斯，
04:33
a libertarian who works at the, for many people,
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一个自由工作者为大家而工作，
04:36
"evil" Cato Institute.
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“邪恶的”卡托研究所
04:39
Okay, so Julian made this video.
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好，所以朱利安制作了这个短片
04:41
He's a terrible producer of videos,
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他是一个糟糕的视频制作人，
04:43
but it's great content, so I'm going to give you a little bit of it.
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但是内容很棒，所以我给大家分享一点。
04:45
So here he is beginning.
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这儿是开头。
04:47
Julian Sanchez: I'm going to make an observation about the way
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朱利安桑切斯：我将告诉大家一个发现
04:49
remix culture seems to be evolving ...
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一个关于混合文化衍化的方式。
04:51
Larry Lessig: So what he does is he begins to tell us
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拉里莱斯格：所以他在开始告诉我们
04:53
about these three videos.
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关于这三个视频。
04:56
This is this fantastic Brat Pack remix
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这是一个很棒的混音作品
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set to Lisztomania.
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定为李斯特狂
05:03
Which, of course, spread virally.
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当然传播的很快
05:05
Hugely successful.
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取得巨大的成功
05:07
(Music)
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（音乐）
05:11
And then some people from Brooklyn saw it.
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然后一些来自布鲁克林的人看到了它。
05:13
They decided they wanted to do the same.
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他们决定做一个相同的作品
05:20
(Music)
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（音乐）
05:37
And then, of course, people from San Fransisco saw it.
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在然后，当然，是来自旧金山的人们看到了它。
05:39
And San Franciscans thought they had to do the same as well.
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然后旧金山人想着他们必须也做一个同样好的作品。
05:42
(Music)
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（音乐）
06:03
And so they're beautiful, but this libertarian
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他们做得相当漂亮，但是这种自由主义
06:06
has some important lessons he wants us to learn from this.
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有很多重要的教训值得我们吸取。
06:08
Here's lesson number one.
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第一条。
06:11
JS: There's obviously also something really deeply great about this.
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朱利安：显而易见这其中有着深刻而伟大的东西。
06:15
They are acting in the sense that they're
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他们即兴表演
06:18
emulating the original mashup.
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模仿原来的混音
06:20
And the guy who shot it obviously has a strong eye
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而且拍摄这作品的家伙很有眼光
06:23
and some experience with video editing.
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并有不少视频编辑的经验
06:25
But this is also basically just a group of friends
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但基本上这个作品也只是由一群好朋友
06:28
having an authentic social moment
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相互有着真实的社交活动
06:30
and screwing around together.
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并聚在一起。
06:32
It should feel familiar and kind of resonate
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这似乎听起来熟悉并且合理
06:34
for anyone who's had a sing-a-long or a dance party
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对于那些参加长时间歌唱和舞蹈派对的人们
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with a group of good friends.
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有着这样一群好友
06:38
LL: Or ...
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拉里：或者
06:40
JS: So that's importantly different from the earlier videos we looked at
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朱利安：所以与我们看到的早期的视频有很大区别
06:43
because here, remix isn't just about
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因为在这里，混合的不仅仅是
06:45
an individual doing something alone in his basement;
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一个独立的基本事物；
06:48
it becomes an act of social creativity.
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它成为了一种社会创造力的体现。
06:51
And it's not just that it yields
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并且他不局限在自身
06:53
a different kind of product at the end,
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最终诞生一种新的产品，
06:56
it's that potentially it changes the way that we relate to each other.
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它具有改变我们相互依赖方式的潜力。
07:00
All of our normal social interactions
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我们所有的社会互动
07:03
become a kind of invitation
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成为了一种邀请
07:05
to this sort of collective expression.
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对于这种集体表达。
07:07
It's our real social lives themselves
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这使我们真实社会活了起来
07:09
that are transmuted into art.
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这就转变成了艺术。
07:12
LL: And so then, what this libertarian draws from these two points ...
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拉里：所以这为自由主义者提出这两点
07:15
JS: One remix is about
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朱利安：一种混搭是关于
07:17
individuals using our shared culture
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独立地使用我们共享的文化
07:19
as a kind of language to communicate something to an audience.
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好比一种与听众沟通的语言。
07:22
Stage two, social remix,
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第二阶段，社会混搭，
07:24
is really about using it to mediate
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这才是真正吧它当成一种媒介
07:26
people's relationships to each other.
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连接人与人之间的关系。
07:29
First, within each video,
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首先，在这视频中，
07:31
the Brat Pack characters are used as a kind of template
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后起之秀的角色被当作一种样本
07:34
for performing the social reality of each group.
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用来表现每个团体的社会现实
07:37
But there's also a dialogue between the videos,
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但是这些视频之间也存在对话，
07:40
where, once the basic structure is established,
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一旦基本结构建立起来后，
07:43
it becomes a kind of platform
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它就成为了一种平台
07:45
for articulating the similarities and differences
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做为表述相似与区别的平台
07:48
between the groups' social and physical worlds.
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在不同的社团和物理世界中存在。
07:51
LL: And then, here's for me,
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拉里：然后，对我而言，
07:53
the critical key to what
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这个评论的要点是
07:55
Julian has to say ...
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朱利安必须说。
07:57
JS: Copyright policy isn't just about
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朱利安：版权政策不仅仅关于
07:59
how to incentivize the production
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如何奖励作品的作者
08:01
of a certain kind of artistic commodity;
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那些特定种类的艺术家团体
08:03
it's about what level of control
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它还关系到能控制哪一层面
08:05
we're going to permit to be exercised
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我们可以允许它们被用来
08:07
over our social realities --
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控制我们的社会现实，
08:09
social realities that are now inevitably
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社会现实在现在必然地，
08:12
permeated by pop culture.
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被流行文化渗透。
08:14
I think it's important that we
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我认为这很重要
08:16
keep these two different kinds of public goods in mind.
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我们在心中保留两种不同的公共物品
08:19
If we're only focused on how to maximize
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如果我们只是将目光放在
08:22
the supply of one,
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供应如何最大化
08:24
I think we risk suppressing
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我认为我们应冒险放弃这一点
08:26
this different and richer
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区分并且丰富
08:28
and, in some ways, maybe even more important one.
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一些在其他层面看来更重要的东西。
08:31
LL: Right. Bingo. Point.
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拉里：对，正是这点。
08:34
Freedom needs this opportunity
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自由需要这个机会
08:37
to both have the commercial success
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获取商业成功
08:40
of the great commercial works
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作为商业作品
08:42
and the opportunity
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并且建立不同
08:44
to build this different kind of culture.
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种类文化的机会
08:46
And for that to happen, you need
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为了这个目标，你需要
08:48
ideas like fair use to be central and protected,
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很多点子用来保护公平使用
08:51
to enable this kind of innovation,
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使得这种启发可能
08:54
as this libertarian tells us,
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正如自由主义者告诉我们的，
08:56
between these two creative cultures,
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在这两种创造性的文化之间，
08:59
a commercial and a sharing culture.
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有着一个商业的和另一个可分享的文化
09:02
The point is they, he, here,
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重点是他们，他，这里，
09:04
gets that culture.
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获得那种文化。
09:06
Now, my concern is, we Dems,
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现在，我担心的是，我们民主党人，
09:09
too often, not so much.
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常常，不是那么多。
09:12
All right, take for example this great company.
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好，以这个大公司为例子。
09:16
In the good old days when this Republican ran that company,
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在美好的过去，共和党人曾经经营这个公司，
09:19
their greatest work was work that built on the past, right.
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他们的出色工作建立了过去的辉煌。
09:22
All of the great Disney works
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所有杰出的迪斯尼作品
09:25
were works that took works that
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都是来源于其他作品
09:27
were in the public domain and remixed them,
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那些作品属于公共领域的并且被重新解构
09:29
or waited until they entered the public domain to remix them,
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或者等到他们进入了公有领域再重构他们，
09:32
to celebrate this add-on remix creativity.
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庆祝这个附加的创意
09:35
Indeed, Mickey Mouse himself, of course,
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事实上，米老鼠自身出现在
09:38
as "Steamboat Willie,"
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“汽船威利号”的形象
09:40
is a remix of the then, very dominant,
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就是借鉴当时非常流行的
09:43
very popular "Steamboat Bill"
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“汽船比利号”
09:45
by Buster Keaton.
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由巴斯特·基顿创作
09:47
This man was a remixer extraordinaire.
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他才是一位杰出的再创作大师
09:50
He is the celebration and ideal
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他值得称颂
09:52
of exactly this kind of creativity.
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拥有这种创造力
09:55
But then the company passes
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但是公司把历史掩盖了
09:57
through this dark stage
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通过政治黑幕背后的交易
10:00
to this Democrat.
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给这位民主党人
10:02
Wildly different.
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截然不同的待遇
10:04
This is the mastermind behind
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幕后的罪魁祸首
10:06
the eventual passage of what we call
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正是臭名昭著的
10:08
the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act,
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松尼波诺著作权期延长法案
10:11
extending the term of existing copyrights
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将现有的版权年限
10:13
by 20 years,
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延长了20年
10:15
so that no one could do to Disney
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所以没有人可以对迪斯尼做
10:17
what Disney did to the Brothers Grimm.
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他们曾对格林兄弟所做的事
10:20
Now, when we tried to challenge this,
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现在当我们试图挑战这点时
10:22
going to the Supreme Court, getting the Supreme Court, the bunch of conservatives there --
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都要去最高法院接受那儿一群保守派的审判
10:25
if we could get them to wake up to this -- to strike it down,
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如果我们让他们醒悟过来看到这一点然后推翻它。
10:28
we had the assistance of Nobel Prize winners
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我们有诺贝尔得主的帮助
10:31
including this right-wing
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包括这位右翼人士
10:34
Nobel Prize winner, Milton Friedman,
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诺贝尔奖得主，米尔顿弗里德曼
10:36
who said he would join our brief
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曾说过他将加入我们部门
10:38
only if the word "no brainer"
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只要“脑残”这个词
10:40
was in the brief somewhere.
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能贴在办公室的某个地方。
10:42
(Laughter)
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(笑声）
10:44
But apparently, no brains
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但很明显，没有脑残
10:46
existed in this place
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曾经在这里存在过
10:48
when Democrats passed and signed
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当民主党通过并签署法案
10:50
this bill into law.
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将它正式变为法律
10:52
Now, tiny little quibble of a footnote:
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现在，我进行一个注解，
10:54
Sonny Bono, you might say, was a Republican,
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松尼波诺，也许你会说，他曾是共和党人，
10:57
but I don't buy it.
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但是我不买账。
10:59
This guy is no Republican.
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这家伙绝不是共和党。
11:02
Okay, for a second example,
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好的，举第二个例子，
11:04
think about this cultural hero,
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想一想这个文化英雄，
11:06
icon on the Left,
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左派人物，
11:09
creator of this character.
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这个角色的创造者。
11:11
Look at the site that he built: "Star Wars" MashUps,
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看看他建立的网站：“星球大战”恶搞，
11:13
inviting people to come and use their creative energy
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邀请人们来这里使用他们的创作激情
11:16
to produce a new generation of attention
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去吸引新一代的注意力
11:18
towards this extraordinarily important cultural icon.
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对于这个杰出的重要文化象征。
11:21
Read the license.
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读一下许可证。
11:23
The license for these remixers
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对于这些再创作者的许可
11:25
assigns all of the rights
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赋予了所有权利
11:27
to the remix back to Lucas.
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混搭作品版权属于卢卡斯
11:29
The mashup is owned by Lucas.
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这些混搭是卢卡斯所有的。
11:32
Indeed, anything you add to the mashup,
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实际上，你添加的任何元素，
11:34
music you might add,
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也许是一段音乐，
11:36
Lucas has a worldwide perpetual right
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卢卡斯有了一个全世界范围的版权
11:38
to exploit that for free.
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免费的去开拓。
11:40
There is no creator here to be recognized.
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在这里没有公认的创作者。
11:43
The creator doesn't have any rights.
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创作者没有任何权力。
11:45
The creator is a sharecropper in this story.
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在故事里，创作者成了农民工。
11:48
And we should remember
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我们应该记住
11:50
who employed the sharecroppers:
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谁雇佣了这些佃农?
11:52
the Democrats, right?
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民主党，不是吗？
11:54
So the point is the Republicans here
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所以要点是共和党在这
11:57
recognize that there's a certain need
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认识到有这样的需求
11:59
of ownership,
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需要所有权
12:01
a respect for ownership,
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尊重所有权，
12:03
the respect we should give the creator,
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我们应该给予创作者的，
12:05
the remixer, the owner, the property owner,
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再创作者，拥有者，财产所有者，
12:08
the copyright owner
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版权所有者
12:10
of this extraordinarily powerful stuff,
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这个非常棒的玩意
12:13
and not a generation of sharecroppers.
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而不是一代佃农。
12:19
Now, I think there are lessons we should learn here,
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现在
12:22
lessons about openness.
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关于开放的教训。
12:24
Our lives are sharing activities,
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我们的生命是分享的活动，
12:27
at least in part.
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至少部分是。
12:29
Even for the head of Goldman Sachs,
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即使是高盛公司的老板，
12:31
at least in part.
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也有分享的部分。
12:34
And for that sharing activity to happen, we have to have
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为了使得这样的分享可以实现，我们必须
12:36
well-protected spaces of fair use.
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保护好公平使用的空间。
12:39
That's number one. Number two:
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这是第一点。第二点：
12:41
This ecology of sharing
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分享的生态环境
12:43
needs freedom
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需要自由
12:45
within which to create.
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在自由中创作。
12:48
Freedom, which means without permission from anyone,
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自由意味着没有任何人的允许，
12:51
the ability to create.
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有创作的能力。
12:53
And number three: We need to
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第三点：我们需要
12:55
respect the creator,
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尊重创作者，
12:57
the creator of these remixes
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这些混搭作品的作者
12:59
through rights that are
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通过将权力
13:01
directly tied to them.
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与他们直接相连。
13:05
Now, this explains the right-wing nonprofit
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这也可以解释为何右翼会热衷于非盈利
13:08
Creative Commons.
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的创意共享（Creativecommons）
13:10
Actually, it's not a right-wing nonprofit,
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实际上，这不只是一个右翼非盈利活动
13:12
but of course -- let me just tie it here --
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让我把它联系到
13:14
the Creative Commons, which is
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创意共享
13:16
offering authors this simple way to mark their content
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即让作者有了这个简单的方法标注他们的内容
13:19
with the freedoms
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在自由的条件下
13:21
they intended to carry.
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只要他们想加上。
13:23
So that we go from a "all rights reserved" world
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所以我们从一个“版权所有”的世界
13:25
to a "some rights reserved" world
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变为“版权部分所有”的世界
13:28
so that people can know the freedoms they have attached to the content,
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所以大家可以知道他们赋予作品内容的这种自由，
13:31
building and creating
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建立和创作
13:33
on the basis of this
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基于这种自由
13:35
creative copyrighted work.
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创新已有版权的作品。
13:37
These tools that we built
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这些我们发明的工具
13:39
enable this sharing in parts
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使得分享成为了一部分
13:42
through licenses that make it clear
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通过许可明确了
13:44
and a freedom to create
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自由创作的权力
13:46
without requiring permission first
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在没有事先允许的情况下
13:48
because the permission has already been granted
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因为一开始就给予了许可，
13:50
and a respect for the creator because it builds upon
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以及对原创者的尊重因为它建立在
13:53
a copyright the creator
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原创者的版权之上
13:55
has licensed freely.
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已经被允许自由使用。
13:57
And it explains the vast right-wing conspiracy
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这揭示了泛右翼论阴谋
14:00
that's obviously developed around these licenses,
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很明显围绕这些协议不断发展，
14:03
as now more than 350 million digital objects
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至今已有3亿5000万数字作品
14:06
are out there, licensed freely
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存在并允许自由使用
14:08
in this way.
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以这样的方式。
14:10
Now that picture of an ecology of creativity,
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现在那是一幅创造性生态图，
14:13
the picture of an ecology
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一幅生态平衡的
14:15
of balanced creativity,
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由创作环境，
14:17
is that the ecology of creativity we have right now?
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这样的创作生态我们现在拥有了么？
14:20
Well, as you all know,
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正如大家知道的，
14:23
not many of us believe we do.
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没有几个人相信我们有。
14:25
I tripped on the reality of this ecology of creativity
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我就在现实的创作环境中栽了个跟头
14:28
just last week.
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就在上周。
14:30
I created a video which was based
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我制作了一个视频是基于
14:32
on a Wireside Chat that I'd given,
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我的一个演讲
14:34
and I uploaded it to YouTube.
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我把它上传到了Youtube
14:37
I then got this email from YouTube
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然后我就收到了Youtube发来的电邮
14:39
weirdly notifying me
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莫名其妙的告知我
14:41
that there was content in that
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这些内容
14:43
owned by the mysterious WMG
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不可思议的属于WMG公司
14:46
that matched their content ID.
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因为符合他们作品的特征
14:48
So I didn't think much about it.
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我并没怎么当回事
14:50
And then on Twitter, somebody said to me,
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接下来在推特上，有个人和我说，
14:52
"Your talk on YouTube was DMCA'd. Was that your purpose?"
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你在Youube上的谈话被判侵权。你是故意的吗？
14:55
imagining that I had this deep conspiracy
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想象一下如果我有这样险恶的阴谋
14:57
to reveal the obvious flaws in the DMCA.
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去揭露新千年数字版权法案显而易见的瑕疵。
15:00
I answered, "No." I didn't even think about it.
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我答道：“不。”我根本没有想到那样做。
15:02
But then I went to the site
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但随后我上了那个网站
15:05
and all of the audio in my site had been silenced.
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我所有的语音被静音了。
15:09
My whole 45-minute video
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我全长45分钟的视频
15:11
had been silenced
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全部没有声音
15:13
because there were snippets in that video,
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因为这里面有一点点内容，
15:15
a video about fair use,
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关于公平使用视频，
15:18
that included Warner Music Group music.
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包含了华纳音乐集团的音乐。
15:21
Now, interestingly,
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现在，有趣的是，
15:23
they still sold ads for that music,
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他们依然为那段音乐卖广告，
15:25
if you played the silent video.
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如果你播放了那段静音的视频。
15:27
You could still buy the music,
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你仍然可以购买那段音乐，
15:29
but you couldn't hear anything
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但你听不到任何声音
15:31
because it had been silenced.
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因为被静音了。
15:33
So I did what the current regime
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所以我做了目前政府
15:35
says I must do
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让我必须做的
15:37
to be free to use
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去自由使用
15:39
YouTube to talk about fair use.
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YouTube谈论公平使用。
15:42
I went to this site, and I had to answer these questions.
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我打开那个页面，我必须回答这些问题。
15:45
And then in an extraordinarily
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然后在一个令人叫绝的的
15:47
Bart Simpson-like, juvenile way
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像巴特·辛普森一样，幼稚的方式
15:50
you've actually got to type out these words
359
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你必须输入这些单词
15:53
and get them right
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并得到允许
15:55
to reassert your freedom to speak.
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去宣称你的言论自由
15:57
And I felt like I was in third grade again.
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我感到我回到了小学三年级，
16:00
"I will not put tacks on the teacher's chair.
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我保证我不会把大头钉再放到老师椅子上。
16:03
I will not put tacks on the teacher's chair."
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我保证我不会把大头钉再放到老师椅子上。
16:07
This is absurd.
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这很荒唐。
16:09
It is outrageous.
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太离奇了。
16:11
It is an extraordinary perversion of the system of freedom
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这是对自由系统的扭曲
16:13
we should be encouraging.
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我们应该倍受鼓舞
16:15
And the question I ask you is: Who's fighting it?
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我想问的是：“谁在为此而奋斗？”
16:17
Well, interestingly, in the last presidential election,
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是的，有趣的是，在上次总统大选中，
16:20
who was the number one, active
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谁是头号积极分子
16:22
opponent of this system of regulation
372
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在反对这个行政系统
16:25
in online speech?
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对在线发言的限制？
16:27
John McCain.
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是约翰麦凯恩。
16:29
Letter after letter attacking YouTube's refusal
375
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一份有一份批评Youube的封锁
16:32
to be more respectful of fair use
376
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倡导更值得尊敬的公平使用
16:35
with their extraordinary notice and take down system,
377
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凭借他们杰出的注意力并终止这个系统，
16:37
that led his campaign so many times
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让他的竞选活动无数次的
16:39
to be thrown off the Internet.
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被因特网抛弃。
16:42
Now, that was the story of me then,
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现在，讲讲我自己的故事，
16:45
my good old days of right-wing lunacy.
381
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我美好的的右派疯狂岁月。
16:48
Let me come back to now,
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让我回到当下，
16:50
now when I'm a little leftist --
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现在当我作为一个小小的左倾分子
16:52
I'm certainly left-handed, so at least a lefty --
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至少我是一个左撇子
16:55
And I wonder, can we on the Left
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我想知道，我们能否站在左翼
16:58
expect to build this
386
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期望去建立一个
17:01
ecology of freedom, now,
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自由的生态系统，就现在，
17:03
in a world where
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在世界的某个地点
17:06
we know the extraordinarily powerful
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我们知道有股强大的力量
17:08
influences against it,
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会反对它，
17:10
where even icons of the Left like this
391
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甚至像这位左派的领袖
17:13
entertain and push bills
392
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致力推进法案
17:16
that would effectively ban the requirement
393
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有效地禁止那些要求
17:19
of open access for government-funded research?
394
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开放给政府资助地科研？
17:23
The president, who has supported
395
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总统本人，曾支持过
17:26
a process that secretly negotiates agreements,
396
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一个秘密协商的进行，
17:29
which effectively lock us into the insane system
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结果把我们困在了一个愚蠢的系统里
17:32
of DMCA
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即数字千年版权法
17:34
that we have adopted
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我们已被迫适应
17:36
and likely lock us down a path of three strikes, you're out
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并被置于棒球中三震出局的境地
17:39
that, of course, the rest of the world are increasingly adopting.
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当然越来越多的国家也卷入了这个适应的过程。
17:42
Not a single example of reform
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没有一例改革的例子
17:45
has been produced yet.
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被推动过。
17:49
And we're not going to see this change
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并且我们将看不到任何改变
17:51
in this system
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在这个系统里
17:53
anytime soon.
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至少近期无望。
17:55
So here's the lessons of openness
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所以这是关于开放的教训
17:58
that I think we need to learn.
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我认为大家都要吸取
18:01
Openness is a commitment
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开放式一种奉献
18:03
to a certain set of values.
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奉献一系列的价值。
18:05
We need to speak of those values.
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我们需要强调那些价值。
18:07
The value of freedom. It's a value of community.
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自由的价值。它具有公共团体的价值。
18:10
It's a value of the limits in regulation.
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它具有制约规章的价值。
18:12
It's a value respecting the creator.
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它具有尊重创造者的价值。
18:16
Now, if we can learn those values
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现在，假如我们可以学到这些价值
18:18
from at least some influences on the Right,
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从右翼那里获得哪怕一点点影响，
18:20
if we can take them and incorporate them,
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假如我们可以争取并加入他们，
18:22
maybe we could do a little trade.
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也许我们可以做一点交易。
18:24
We learn those values on the Left,
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我们从左派（民主党）学到这些价值，
18:27
and maybe they'll do health care
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也许他们将对医疗进行改革
18:29
or global warming legislation or something in the Right.
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或者对全球变暖进行立法等等。
18:31
Anyway, please join me
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无论如何，请和我一起
18:33
in teaching these values.
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传播这些价值观。
18:35
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢。
18:37
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lawrence Lessig - Legal activistLawrence Lessig has already transformed intellectual-property law with his Creative Commons innovation. Now he's focused on an even bigger problem: The US' broken political system.
Why you should listen
Lawyer and activist Lawrence Lessig spent a decade arguing for sensible intellectual property law, updated for the digital age. He was a founding board member of Creative Commons, an organization that builds better copyright practices through principles established first by the open-source software community.
In 2007, just after his last TED Talk, Lessig announced he was leaving the field of IP and Internet policy, and moving on to a more fundamental problem that blocks all types of sensible policy -- the corrupting influence of money in American politics.
In 2011, Lessig founded Rootstrikers, an organization dedicated to changing the influence of money in Congress. In his latest book, Republic, Lost, he shows just how far the U.S. has spun off course -- and how citizens can regain control. As The New York Times wrote about him, “Mr. Lessig’s vision is at once profoundly pessimistic -- the integrity of the nation is collapsing under the best of intentions --and deeply optimistic. Simple legislative surgery, he says, can put the nation back on the path to greatness.”
Read an excerpt of Lessig's new book, Lesterland >>
Lawrence Lessig | Speaker | TED.com