TEDGlobal 2017
Nighat Dad: How Pakistani women are taking the internet back
奈雅特達德: 巴基斯坦女性如何把網路拿回來
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TED 會員奈雅特達德研究的是線上騷擾，特別是和父權文化有關的騷擾，就像在巴基斯坦她所住的小村落中所遇到的一樣。她分享了她的故事，說明如何設立巴基斯坦第一條網路騷擾生命線來提供協助給面對嚴重線上威脅的女性。「安全上網也就是安全取得知識，知識就是自由。」她說：「當我為女性的數位權利奮戰時，我是在為平等而戰。」
Nighat Dad - Lawyer, human rights activist
TED Fellow Nighat Dad heads the Digital Rights Foundation, Pakistan -- a researched based advocacy not-for-profit geared towards ICT to support human rights, democratic processes, and digital governance. Full bio
TED Fellow Nighat Dad heads the Digital Rights Foundation, Pakistan -- a researched based advocacy not-for-profit geared towards ICT to support human rights, democratic processes, and digital governance. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Imagine waking up to a stranger --
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想像一下，起床時
身邊有個陌生人──
身邊有個陌生人──
00:15
sometimes multiple strangers --
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有時還有好幾個陌生人──
00:18
questioning your right to existence
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質疑你的存在權，
00:21
for something that you wrote online,
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只因為你在線上寫的某些文字，
00:25
waking up to an angry message,
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醒來時看到一則憤怒的訊息，
00:28
scared and worried for your safety.
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很害怕且為你的安全感到擔心。
00:31
Welcome to the world of cyberharassment.
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歡迎來到網路騷擾的世界。
00:35
The kind of harassment that women
face in Pakistan is very serious
face in Pakistan is very serious
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在巴基斯坦，女性所要
面對的這種騷擾非常嚴重，
面對的這種騷擾非常嚴重，
00:39
and leads to sometimes deadly outcomes.
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且會導致一些很致命的結果。
00:43
This kind of harassment keeps women
from accessing the internet --
from accessing the internet --
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這種騷擾讓女性不願意上網──
00:46
essentially, knowledge.
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本質上來說，就無法取得知識。
00:48
It's a form of oppression.
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這是一種壓迫的形式。
00:52
Pakistan is the sixth most populous
country in the world,
country in the world,
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巴基斯坦是世界上
人口排名第六的國家，
人口排名第六的國家，
00:56
with 140 million people having access
to mobile technologies,
to mobile technologies,
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有一億四千萬人能使用行動技術，
01:00
and 15 percent internet penetration.
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網路的普及率為 15%。
01:05
And this number doesn't seem to go down
with the rise of new technologies.
with the rise of new technologies.
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隨著新技術出現，
這個數字似乎有增無減。
這個數字似乎有增無減。
01:10
Pakistan is also the birthplace
of the youngest Nobel Peace Prize winner,
of the youngest Nobel Peace Prize winner,
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最年輕的諾貝爾和平獎得主
就是在巴基斯坦出生的，
就是在巴基斯坦出生的，
01:15
Malala Yousafzai.
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馬拉拉優素福扎伊。
01:18
But that's just one aspect of Pakistan.
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但那只是巴基斯坦的一個面向而已。
01:21
Another aspect is where
the twisted concept of honor
the twisted concept of honor
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在另一個面向中，扭曲的榮譽觀念
01:26
is linked to women and their bodies;
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和女性以及她們的身體有所關聯；
01:29
where men are allowed to disrespect women
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在這個面向中，
男性可以不尊重女性，
男性可以不尊重女性，
01:33
and even kill them sometimes
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有時甚至可以殺害她們，
01:35
in the name of so-called "family honor";
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用的名義的是所謂的「家庭榮譽」；
01:38
where women are left to die
right outside their houses
right outside their houses
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女性被丟在自己家外面等死，
01:43
for speaking to a man on a mobile phone,
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只因為在行動電話上
和一個男人交談，
和一個男人交談，
01:45
in the name of "family honor."
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用的名義就是「家庭榮譽」。
01:48
Let me say this very clearly:
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讓我把這點說清楚：
01:50
it's not honor;
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這不是榮譽；
01:52
it's a cold-blooded murder.
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這是冷血謀殺。
01:57
I come from a very small village
in Punjab, Pakistan,
in Punjab, Pakistan,
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我來自一個很小的村落，
位於巴基斯坦的旁遮普地區，
位於巴基斯坦的旁遮普地區，
02:01
where women are not allowed
to pursue their higher education.
to pursue their higher education.
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在那裡女性不允許接受高等教育。
02:07
The elders of my extended family
didn't allow their women
didn't allow their women
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我的大家庭中的長者
不允許家中的女性
不允許家中的女性
02:11
to pursue their higher education
or their professional careers.
or their professional careers.
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去接受高等教育，
也不准擁有職業生涯。
也不准擁有職業生涯。
02:14
However, unlike the other
male guardians of my family,
male guardians of my family,
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然而，我爸爸不像家庭中
其他的男性守護者，
其他的男性守護者，
02:19
my father was one who really
supported my ambitions.
supported my ambitions.
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他是真心支持我的雄心壯志的人。
02:25
To get my law degree,
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我想要拿到法律學位，
02:28
of course, it was really difficult,
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當然，這是很困難的事，
02:32
and [there were] frowns of disapproval.
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也有人出於不認可而皺眉蹙額。
02:37
But in the end, I knew
it's either me or them,
it's either me or them,
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但到頭來，我知道
我得在我和他們之間做選擇，
我得在我和他們之間做選擇，
02:40
and I chose myself.
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而我選擇了我自己。
02:44
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
02:50
My family's traditions
and expectations for a woman
and expectations for a woman
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我的家庭傳統和對女性的期望
02:53
wouldn't allow me to own a mobile
phone until I was married.
phone until I was married.
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都不允許我持有手機，直到我結婚。
02:57
And even when I was married,
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即使我已經結婚了，
02:59
this tool became a tool
for my own surveillance.
for my own surveillance.
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這工具也變成了監控我的工具。
03:04
When I resisted this idea
of being surveilled by my ex-husband,
of being surveilled by my ex-husband,
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當我抗拒不願意被我前夫監控時，
03:09
he really didn't approve of this
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他不准我這樣，
03:11
and threw me out of his house,
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因此把我丟出他的房子，
03:13
along with my six-month-old
son, Abdullah.
son, Abdullah.
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連我六個月大的兒子
阿布杜拉一起丟出來。
阿布杜拉一起丟出來。
03:17
And that was the time
when I first asked myself, "Why?
when I first asked myself, "Why?
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那是我第一次問
我自己：「為什麼？
我自己：「為什麼？
03:21
Why are women not allowed
to enjoy the same equal rights
to enjoy the same equal rights
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為什麼是女性就不被允許享受同樣
03:25
enshrined in our Constitution?
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在憲法中的神聖權利？
03:28
While the law states that a woman
has the same equal access
has the same equal access
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法律指出女性也能平等地
03:32
to the information,
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取得資訊，
03:34
why is it always men -- brothers,
fathers and husbands --
fathers and husbands --
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那為什麼總是由男人──
兄長、父親和丈夫──
兄長、父親和丈夫──
03:37
who are granting these rights to us,
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來核准我們的這些權利，
03:39
effectively making the law irrelevant?"
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讓法律實際上也變得不重要了？」
03:44
So I decided to take a step,
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所以我決定採取行動，
03:46
instead of keep questioning
these patriarchal structures
these patriarchal structures
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不要只是一直執疑這些父系的結構
03:49
and societal norms.
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以及社會標準。
03:51
And I founded the Digital Rights
Foundation in 2012
Foundation in 2012
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我在 2012 年成立了
數位權利基金會，
數位權利基金會，
03:55
to address all the issues
and women's experiences in online spaces
and women's experiences in online spaces
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來處理所有這些議題、
女性在網路空間中的經歷，
女性在網路空間中的經歷，
04:02
and cyberharassment.
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以及網路騷擾。
04:04
From lobbying for free and safe internet
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從遊說制訂法案來提供
自由安全的網路，
自由安全的網路，
04:08
to convincing young women
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到說服年輕女性
04:10
that access to the safe internet
is their fundamental, basic, human right,
is their fundamental, basic, human right,
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安全的網路環境是
她們基本的、根本的人權，
她們基本的、根本的人權，
04:15
I'm trying to play my part
in igniting the spark
in igniting the spark
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我在努力扮演
我的角色，點燃火花，
我的角色，點燃火花，
04:18
to address the questions
that have bothered me all these years.
that have bothered me all these years.
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來處理這些年來
一直煩擾著我的問題。
一直煩擾著我的問題。
04:22
With a hope in my heart,
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我心中帶著希望，
04:24
and to offer a solution to this menace,
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為了要針對這種威脅
找出一個解決方案，
找出一個解決方案，
04:27
I started Pakistan's and the region's
first cyberharassment help line
first cyberharassment help line
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我設立了巴基斯坦以及這個區域的
第一條針對網路騷擾的生命線，
第一條針對網路騷擾的生命線，
04:31
in December 2016 --
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2016 年 12 月上線──
04:33
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
04:40
to extend my support to the women
who do not know who to turn to
who do not know who to turn to
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將我的支援延伸出去，
給那些在線上受到嚴重威脅
給那些在線上受到嚴重威脅
04:44
when they face serious threats online.
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卻不知道要向誰求助的女性。
04:47
I think of the women who do not have
the necessary support
the necessary support
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我心中在想的
是得不到必要支持的女性，
是得不到必要支持的女性，
04:51
to deal with the mental trauma
when they feel unsafe in online spaces,
when they feel unsafe in online spaces,
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當在網路空間中感到不安全時，
她們無法處理心理創傷，
她們無法處理心理創傷，
04:57
and they go about their daily activities,
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當她們在進行日常活動時，
04:59
thinking that there is
a rape threat in their in-box.
a rape threat in their in-box.
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腦中還在想著在她們的收件匣中
有一封強暴威脅信。
有一封強暴威脅信。
05:03
Safe access to the internet
is an access to knowledge,
is an access to knowledge,
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安全上網也就是安全取得知識，
05:07
and knowledge is freedom.
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知識就是自由。
05:09
When I fight for women's digital rights,
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當我為女性的數位權利奮戰時，
05:11
I'm fighting for equality.
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我也是在為平等而戰。
05:13
Thank you.
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謝謝。
05:14
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nighat Dad - Lawyer, human rights activistTED Fellow Nighat Dad heads the Digital Rights Foundation, Pakistan -- a researched based advocacy not-for-profit geared towards ICT to support human rights, democratic processes, and digital governance.
Why you should listen
Nighat Dad is an accomplished lawyer and a human rights activist. She is one of the pioneers who have been campaigning around access to open internet in Pakistan and globally. She is the only Pakistani fellow for Young Global Leaders 2018 supported by World Economic Forum and TEDGlobal Fellows for 2017. She has been listed as a Next Generation Leader by TIME and is the recipient of Atlantic Council Freedom Award and Human Rights Tulip Award.
Dad has been fighting against online gender-based violence, making the internet safe and inclusive for everyone to use. She's been referred to as the "Pakistani lawyer trolling the trolls" by BBC for her valor in calling out the harassers online. She has been actively advocating for increased participation of women in public spaces through national and international platforms. She tweets at @nighatdad.
Nighat Dad | Speaker | TED.com