TED2018
Yasin Kakande: What's missing in the global debate over refugees
亞辛卡坎迪: 在關於難民的全球辯論上少了什麼？
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全球難民的爭議不斷，我們聽到每個人的聲音──從許諾做邊境控管政治人物，到怕失去工作的公民──每個人，除了移民者本身。他們為什麼要移民過來？記者和 TED 研究會員亞辛卡坎迪解釋了他和許多其他人逃離祖國的原因，並且力勸要進行一場更開放的討論，採用新的觀點。他提醒我們，人類的故事就是遷移的故事，他說：「沒有任何限制能夠嚴格到足以阻止決定了人類歷史的移民潮。」
Yasin Kakande - Investigative journalist, author
Yasin Kakande is exposing the human rights abuses of migrant workers in the Middle East. Full bio
Yasin Kakande is exposing the human rights abuses of migrant workers in the Middle East. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
I am an immigrant from Uganda
living in the United States
living in the United States
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我是住在美國的烏干達移民，
00:21
while waiting for my asylum application
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正在等待我的政治避難申請被批准。
00:23
to go through.
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00:25
Migrants do not enjoy
much freedom of movement
much freedom of movement
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在我們現今的世界上，移民者不太有
00:29
in our world today.
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移動的自由。
00:30
This certainly applies to those
who are desperate enough
who are desperate enough
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對於那些絕望到得坐上船，
在狂風暴雨中、
在狂風暴雨中、
00:33
to navigate choppy
and stormy seas in boats.
and stormy seas in boats.
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在怒海上航行的人而言，
肯定是如此。
肯定是如此。
00:37
These are the risks my cousins
from West Africa and North Africa face
from West Africa and North Africa face
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我在西非和北非的同胞
試圖前往歐洲時
試圖前往歐洲時
00:42
while trying to cross over to Europe.
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就是要面臨這種風險。
00:44
Indeed, it is a rare
but fortunate opportunity
but fortunate opportunity
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的確，對於一個移民者而言，
能在這樣的會議上發表演說
能在這樣的會議上發表演說
00:48
for a migrant to address
a gathering like this.
a gathering like this.
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是個稀有但幸運的機會。
00:52
But this also signifies
what often is missing
what often is missing
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但這也表示，
在關於難民、移民、
移入移民的全球辯論中，
移入移民的全球辯論中，
00:55
in the global debate over refugees,
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00:58
migrants and immigrants,
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通常都遺漏了被剝奪公民權者的聲音。
01:00
voices of the disenfranchised.
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01:03
Citizens of many host countries,
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許多移民目的國的公民，
01:05
even those that previously
welcomed newcomers,
welcomed newcomers,
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甚至那些先前歡迎新住民的國家，
01:08
are uneasy about the rising
numbers of individuals
numbers of individuals
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對於有越來越多人移入，
01:11
coming into their countries.
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都感到有些不安。
01:13
The immediate criticism
is that the newcomers upend the stability
is that the newcomers upend the stability
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立即的批判就是，新來者會擾亂
國家中社會福利和就業的穩定。
01:17
of social welfare and employment
in their countries.
in their countries.
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01:21
Uncertain and skeptical citizens
look towards politicians
look towards politicians
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充滿不確定性及懷疑的公民，
會指望政治人物做事，
會指望政治人物做事，
01:24
who are competing against each other
to see who can claim the prize
to see who can claim the prize
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政治人物互相較勁，看看誰才能成為
01:29
of the loudest voice
of populism and nationalism.
of populism and nationalism.
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民粹主義和民族主義中最大的聲音。
01:33
It is a contest of who
is the toughest on migrants,
is the toughest on migrants,
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這是項競賽，比誰對移民政策最強硬，
01:38
the most willing to impose travel bans
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誰最願意實行入境禁令，
01:40
and the most eager to propose
projects in building walls.
projects in building walls.
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誰最熱衷於提出建立圍牆的方案。
01:44
All these restrictions simply address
symptoms of the problem,
symptoms of the problem,
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所有這些限制，只是在治標，
01:48
not the causes.
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沒有治本。
01:49
Why are they coming?
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他們為什麼要來？
01:52
Migrants can share perspectives,
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移民者可以分享觀點，
01:53
if only politicians
would be willing to listen.
would be willing to listen.
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但前提是政治人物要願意傾聽。
01:57
In Dubai, I chronicled injustices
and inequalities inflicted regularly
and inequalities inflicted regularly
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在杜拜，我記錄了
移民勞工階級經常受到的
移民勞工階級經常受到的
02:01
on the migrant labor force.
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不公正和不平等待遇。
02:03
As a result, pressures
from the governments
from the governments
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因此，來自各國政府的壓力
02:06
of the respective countries
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02:08
led to me being forced out of my career
as a journalist in the Middle East.
as a journalist in the Middle East.
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迫使我失去了
在中東擔任記者的工作。
在中東擔任記者的工作。
02:13
I was deported to Uganda,
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我被驅逐回烏干達，
02:15
where economic deprivation
puts everyone at the risk of starvation.
puts everyone at the risk of starvation.
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在那裡，經濟剝削讓
每個人都面臨挨餓的風險。
每個人都面臨挨餓的風險。
02:19
I fled Uganda to come to the United States
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我逃出烏干達，到了美國，
02:22
in the hope of sustaining a voice
for my brothers and sisters
for my brothers and sisters
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希望能夠替我的兄弟姐妹發聲，
02:26
who experience a more
serious plight as migrants.
serious plight as migrants.
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同為移民，他們所經歷的情況更困苦。
02:30
My father told me he was not happy
about me writing a book
about me writing a book
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我父親告訴我，
他很不樂見我因為寫一本書
他很不樂見我因為寫一本書
02:34
that risked deportation and unemployment.
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而遭驅逐出境和失業。
02:38
He had been diabetic for many years
when I still worked in Dubai,
when I still worked in Dubai,
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我還在杜拜工作時，
他已罹患糖尿病多年，
他已罹患糖尿病多年，
02:41
and my salary was always sufficient
to pay for his treatments.
to pay for his treatments.
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我當時的薪水足以支付他的治療費用。
02:45
After I was expelled,
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在我被驅逐之後，
02:47
I could not afford
to sustain his treatment,
to sustain his treatment,
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我無法繼續負擔他的治療費，
02:50
and even in the last days of his life,
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即使在他人生最後的日子，
02:53
I could not afford
to take him to a hospital.
to take him to a hospital.
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我也沒錢送他去醫院。
02:56
As I carried his body in my hands
to lay it in the ground
to lay it in the ground
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我親手抱著他的遺體，將他埋葬，
03:00
in June of last year,
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那是去年六月的事，
03:02
I realized I had paid a profound price
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我了解到，為了大膽發聲
03:05
for amplifying my voice.
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我付出了很大的代價。
03:09
The act of speaking up against injustices
that are multilayered is never easy,
that are multilayered is never easy,
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大聲發聲，對抗層層交疊的不公正
從來就不是一件容易的事，
從來就不是一件容易的事，
03:16
because the problems require
more than just rhetoric.
more than just rhetoric.
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因為問題需要的不只是華麗的言語。
03:20
So long as gold mines, oilfields and large
farms in Africa continue to be owned
farms in Africa continue to be owned
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只要在非洲的金礦、油田，
以及大型農場的所有權都是屬於
以及大型農場的所有權都是屬於
03:26
by foreign investors
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外國投資者，
03:28
and those vital resources
are shipped to the West,
are shipped to the West,
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且那些重要資源被運送到西方，
03:32
the stream of African migrants
will flow continuously.
will flow continuously.
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非洲移民者的流動就會持續不斷。
03:37
There are no restrictions
that could ever be so rigorous
that could ever be so rigorous
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沒有任何限制能夠嚴格到
03:42
to stop the wave of migration
that has determined our human history.
that has determined our human history.
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足以阻止決定了人類歷史的移民潮。
03:47
Before border controls can be tightened
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在邊界管制變得更嚴，
03:50
and new visa restrictions imposed,
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及新的簽證限制上路之前，
03:53
countries that have long received migrants
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長期以來一直在接收移民者的國家
03:56
should engage in a more open discussion.
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應該要進行一場更開放的討論。
03:59
That is the only practical start
for reconciling, finally,
for reconciling, finally,
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只有這樣的實際起始做法，
最終才能夠去調解
最終才能夠去調解
04:05
a legacy of exploitation,
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開採的遺產、
04:08
slavery,
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奴隸制度、
04:10
colonialism
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殖民主義，
04:11
and imperialism,
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及帝國主義，
04:13
so that together, we can move forward
in creating a more just global economy
in creating a more just global economy
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同心協力，我們就能向前走，
在 21 世紀創造出
更公正的全球經濟，
更公正的全球經濟，
04:19
in the 21st century --
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04:22
one that benefits all.
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讓所有人受惠。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yasin Kakande - Investigative journalist, authorYasin Kakande is exposing the human rights abuses of migrant workers in the Middle East.
Why you should listen
Investigative journalist Yasin Kakande works undercover in the Middle East to expose human rights abuses of migrant workers. He investigates the reasons why Africans choose to migrate to the Middle East, Europe and America, and traces the severe consequences of countries closing their borders to African migrants. A migrant himself, first to the Middle East and recently to the US, Kakande is the author of two books: Slave States, an expose of the enslavement, trafficking and abuse of workers in the Gulf Arab Region, and The Ambitious Struggle: An African Journalist's Journey of Hope and Identity in a Land of Migrants.
Yasin Kakande | Speaker | TED.com