TED2013
Martin Villeneuve: How I made an impossible film
Martin Villeneuve: 如何製作一部做不出來的電影？
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
986,678 views
導演 Martin Villeneuve 在演講中跟大家談論有關他的電影 《三月與四月》(Mars et Avril)。這是一部加拿大的科幻巨作，拍攝卻幾乎沒花半毛錢。演講中他為我們說明，在各方面，他是如何克服金錢上的困難，以及邏輯上的限制，來製作這部電影，實現他對未來獨一無二且極具創造力的想像。
Martin Villeneuve - Graphic artist, director
In his film "Mars et Avril," Martin Villeneuve brings his sci-fi romance graphic novel to glorious life. Full bio
In his film "Mars et Avril," Martin Villeneuve brings his sci-fi romance graphic novel to glorious life. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I made a film that was impossible to make,
0
1067
2885
我製作了一部不可能做得出來的電影
00:15
but I didn't know it was impossible,
1
3952
3651
但我不知道那是不可能的
00:19
and that's how I was able to do it.
2
7603
2792
因此我才能試著將它做出來
00:22
"Mars et Avril" is a science fiction film.
3
10395
2460
《三月與四月》(Mars et Avril) 是一部科幻電影
00:24
It's set in Montreal some 50 years in the future.
4
12855
4198
場景設定在50年後的蒙特婁
00:29
No one had done that kind of movie in Quebec before
5
17053
2202
以前在魁北克沒人拍過這種類型的電影
00:31
because it's expensive, it's set in the future,
6
19255
3682
因為預算太高，場景設定在未來的世界
00:34
and it's got tons of visual effects,
7
22937
1660
需要大量的視覺效果
00:36
and it's shot on green screen.
8
24597
2431
以綠屏來拍攝
00:39
Yet this is the kind of movie that I wanted to make
9
27028
2151
但是這種電影
00:41
ever since I was a kid, really,
10
29179
1985
是我從小就想拍的，真的
00:43
back when I was reading some comic books
11
31164
2109
那時我讀著漫畫書
00:45
and dreaming about what the future might be.
12
33273
3596
然後想像未來會是什麼模樣
00:48
When American producers see my film,
13
36869
2636
美國的製片看到我的電影
00:51
they think that I had a big budget to do it,
14
39505
3284
他們認為我有很多的預算
00:54
like 23 million.
15
42789
3119
大概2300萬
00:57
But in fact I had 10 percent of that budget.
16
45908
2986
但事實上我只有那十分之一的預算
01:00
I did "Mars et Avril" for only 2.3 million.
17
48894
2549
我拍《三月與四月》只花了230萬
01:03
So you might wonder, what's the deal here?
18
51443
1096
所以你們可能會猜想，這是怎麼回事？
01:04
How did I do this?
19
52539
2553
我是怎麼辦到的？
01:07
Well, it's two things. First, it's time.
20
55092
3237
兩件事。首先，是時間
01:10
When you don't have money, you must take time,
21
58329
2781
沒錢的時候，我們就必須把握時間
01:13
and it took me seven years to do "Mars et Avril."
22
61110
3892
我花了七年來拍《三月與四月》
01:17
The second aspect is love.
23
65002
3330
第二個概念是：熱情
01:20
I got tons and tons of generosity from everyone involved.
24
68332
3538
每個參與製作的人都為我付出不少
01:23
And it seems like every department had nothing,
25
71870
2170
似乎就像是因為每組人馬都一無所有
01:26
so they had to rely on our creativity
26
74040
3028
所以他們必須依賴我們的創造力
01:29
and turn every problem into an opportunity.
27
77068
2574
化危機為轉機
01:31
And that brings me to the point of my talk, actually,
28
79642
2026
事實上，這就和我今天要談的重點有關
01:33
how constraints, big creative constraints, can boost creativity.
29
81668
4140
想像力受到極大限制時，如何激發創造力
01:37
But let me go back in time a bit.
30
85808
3408
在此之前先讓我回顧一下
01:41
In my early 20s, I did some graphic novels,
31
89216
3157
在我20歲出頭，我寫了一些繪本小說
01:44
but they weren't your usual graphic novels.
32
92373
2034
但不是一般你們看到的繪本小說
01:46
They were books telling a science fiction story
33
94407
2493
這些小說是科幻故事
01:48
through images and text,
34
96900
2705
以圖片及文字來表達
01:51
and most of the actors who are now starring
35
99605
3583
而現在大部分主演改編電影的演員
01:55
in the movie adaptation, they were already involved
36
103188
2058
已經將這些小說裡
01:57
in these books portraying characters
37
105246
3594
所描繪的角色
02:00
into a sort of experimental, theatrical, simplistic way.
38
108840
5547
實驗化、戲劇化及簡單化
02:06
And one of these actors is the great stage director
39
114387
3703
而其中參與製作的，是一位了不起的舞台監製
02:10
and actor Robert Lepage.
40
118090
1444
兼演員：Robert Lepage
02:11
And I just love this guy.
41
119534
1521
我喜歡這傢伙
02:13
I've been in love with this guy since I was a kid.
42
121055
3445
我從小就喜歡他
02:16
His career I admire a lot.
43
124500
2803
我很欣賞他的工作
02:19
And I wanted this guy to be involved in my crazy project,
44
127303
2933
而我希望他也能參與我瘋狂的計畫
02:22
and he was kind enough to lend his image
45
130236
4160
而他也非常好心的
02:26
to the character of Eugène Spaak,
46
134396
1663
出演 Eugène Spaak 這個角色
02:28
who is a cosmologist and artist who seeks relation
47
136059
4622
他是一位宇宙論者兼藝術家，他試著找出
02:32
in between time, space, love, music and women.
48
140681
5470
時間、空間、愛、音樂及女人之間的關係
02:38
And he was a perfect fit for the part,
49
146151
3555
他真的很適合詮釋這個角色
02:41
and Robert is actually the one who gave me my first chance.
50
149706
3184
而事實上是 Robert 給了我第一次機會
02:44
He was the one who believed in me
51
152890
2336
他相信我
02:47
and encouraged me to do an adaptation of my books
52
155226
3577
鼓勵我將我的小說搬上螢幕
02:50
into a film, and to write, direct,
53
158803
2955
鼓勵我自己寫劇本、親自指導這齣戲
02:53
and produce the film myself.
54
161758
2052
並製作完成這部電影
02:55
And Robert is actually the very first example
55
163810
3810
其實 Robert 就是第一個
02:59
of how constraints can boost creativity.
56
167620
3884
限制激發創造力的例子
03:03
Because this guy is the busiest man on the planet.
57
171504
2667
因為他可以說是世界上最忙的人
03:06
I mean, his agenda is booked until 2042,
58
174171
3123
我的意思是，他的行程都排到2042年去了
03:09
and he's really hard to get,
59
177294
3840
真的很難請他抽出時間
03:13
and I wanted him to be in the movie,
60
181134
2883
但我希望他能參與這部電影
03:16
to reprise his role in the movie.
61
184017
1905
透過電影再一次詮釋這個角色
03:17
But the thing is, had I waited
62
185922
2996
但問題是，我很難
03:20
for him until 2042, my film wouldn't be
63
188918
2552
等他等到2042年，那時我的電影就不是
03:23
a futuristic film anymore, so I just couldn't do that. Right?
64
191470
3796
以未來為主題的電影了，我不能這麼做，對吧？
03:27
But that's kind of a big problem.
65
195266
1684
但這有點棘手
03:28
How do you get somebody who is too busy
66
196950
3293
要如何請一個大忙人
03:32
to star in a movie?
67
200243
2126
挪出時間來演電影呢？
03:34
Well, I said as a joke in a production meeting --
68
202369
3902
我在內製會上開了個玩笑
03:38
and this is a true story, by the way —
69
206271
1745
順便一提，這是真實故事
03:40
I said, "Why don't we turn this guy into a hologram?
70
208016
2912
我說：「我們要不要乾脆把這傢伙變成一張全息圖？
03:42
Because, you know, he is everywhere
71
210928
2163
因為，你們也知道，他無所不在
03:45
and nowhere on the planet at the same time,
72
213091
1866
同時又不存在於地球上某個特定的地方
03:46
and he's an illuminated being in my mind,
73
214957
2571
他就像是我心中的一個發光體
03:49
and he's in between reality and virtual reality,
74
217528
4254
介於現實社會與虛擬世界之間
03:53
so it would make perfect sense
75
221782
1974
所以把他變成全像的
03:55
to turn this guy into a hologram."
76
223756
2250
是一件很合理的事。」
03:58
Everybody around the table laughed,
77
226006
2320
在場每個人都笑了
04:00
but the joke was kind of a good solution,
78
228326
2536
但這個玩笑其實是不錯的解決方法
04:02
so that's what we ended up doing.
79
230862
2456
所以後來我們也這麼做了
04:05
Here's how we did it. We shot Robert with six cameras.
80
233318
3703
這是製作的結果，我們以六台攝影機拍攝 Robert
04:09
He was dressed in green and he was like
81
237021
2442
他穿綠色上衣，他就像是
04:11
in a green aquarium.
82
239463
1744
在一個綠色水族箱裡
04:13
Each camera was covering 60 degrees of his head,
83
241207
2778
每台攝影機分別拍他頭部 60度
04:15
so that in post-production we could use
84
243985
2613
所以後製時我們可以看到
04:18
pretty much any angle we needed,
85
246598
1892
幾乎每個我們需要的角度都有了
04:20
and we shot only his head.
86
248490
2412
我們卻只有拍攝他的頭部
04:22
Six months later there was a guy on set,
87
250902
2506
六個月後由一位男子
04:25
a mime portraying the body,
88
253408
1830
不出聲來扮演他的身體
04:27
the vehicle for the head.
89
255238
2440
連接頭部
04:29
And he was wearing a green hood
90
257678
3251
讓他戴著一頂綠色頭套
04:32
so that we could erase the green hood in postproduction
91
260929
3182
然後我們可以在後製時將綠色頭套去除
04:36
and replace it with Robert Lepage's head.
92
264111
2287
以 Robert Lepage 的頭部來取代
04:38
So he became like a renaissance man,
93
266398
2008
所以他像是一個重生的人
04:40
and here's what it looks like in the movie.
94
268406
2050
這是他在電影當中的樣子
04:42
(Music)
95
270456
12320
(音樂聲)
04:54
(Video) Robert Lepage: [As usual, Arthur's drawing
96
282776
2168
(影片) Robert Lepage：跟以往一樣，亞瑟的畫
04:56
didn't account for the technical challenges.
97
284944
2194
並沒有解釋技術方面的困難
04:59
I welded the breech, but the valve is still gaping.
98
287138
3943
我焊接了底部的氣室
但是活塞的部分還是開開的
但是活塞的部分還是開開的
05:03
I tried to lift the pallets to lower the pressure in the sound box,
99
291081
4283
我試著提高閥板的位置
來降低音箱的壓力
來降低音箱的壓力
05:07
but I might have hit a heartstring.
100
295364
3932
但我可能撞到心弦了
05:11
It still sounds too low.]
101
299296
2382
音準還是偏低。」
05:13
Jacques Languirand: [That's normal.
102
301678
931
Jacques Languirand：「這很正常
05:14
The instrument always ends up resembling its model.]
103
302609
3162
樂器的原型都差不多。」
05:17
(Music)
104
305771
5530
(音樂聲)
05:38
Martin Villeneuve: Now these musical instruments
105
326266
3418
你們在影片中
05:41
that you see in this excerpt,
106
329684
2144
看到的那些樂器
05:43
they're my second example of how
107
331828
2507
是我第二個
05:46
constraints can boost creativity,
108
334335
2392
限制激發創造力的例子
05:48
because I desperately needed these objects in my movie.
109
336727
3220
因為我的電影裡非常需要這些東西
05:51
They are objects of desire.
110
339947
1701
它們是慾望的產物
05:53
They are imaginary musical instruments.
111
341648
2395
是想像出來的樂器
05:56
And they carry a nice story with them.
112
344043
2080
每個樂器都有它們自己的故事
05:58
Actually, I knew what these things would look like
113
346123
4654
事實上，這些東西的模樣
06:02
in my mind for many, many years.
114
350777
1830
已經在我心中很久很久了
06:04
But my problem was, I didn't have the money
115
352607
4213
問題就在於，我的預算
06:08
to pay for them. I couldn't afford them.
116
356820
2781
不夠去支付這些樂器，我付不起
06:11
So that's kind of a big problem too.
117
359601
2431
所以這又是一大難題
06:14
How do you get something that you can't afford?
118
362032
3601
要怎麼做才能得到買不起的東西？
06:17
And, you know, I woke up one morning with a pretty good idea.
119
365633
3960
有一天早上我醒來的時候，想到一個好主意
06:21
I said, "What if I have somebody else pay for them?"
120
369593
4163
我說：「讓其他人來幫我付怎麼樣？」
06:25
(Laughter)
121
373756
2861
(笑聲)
06:28
But who on Earth would be interested
122
376617
3728
但到底有誰會對
06:32
by seven not-yet-built musical instruments
123
380345
3216
七個尚未成形
06:35
inspired by women's bodies?
124
383561
1700
且以女人身體為靈感的樂器有興趣呢？
06:37
And I thought of Cirque du Soleil in Montreal,
125
385261
2914
後來我想到了蒙特婁的太陽劇團
06:40
because who better to understand the kind of
126
388175
3358
畢竟有誰比他們更了解這種
06:43
crazy poetry that I wanted to put on screen?
127
391533
2679
我想搬上螢幕的瘋狂藝術呢？
06:46
So I found my way to Guy Laliberté, Cirque du Soleil's CEO,
128
394212
3174
於是我連絡上了太陽劇團的總裁 Guy Laliberté
06:49
and I presented my crazy idea to him
129
397386
2768
然後把我瘋狂的想法告訴他
06:52
with sketches like this and visual references,
130
400154
3234
我給他看這些草圖，和一些視覺上的參考
06:55
and something pretty amazing happened.
131
403388
2727
然後不可思議的事發生了
06:58
Guy was interested by this idea
132
406115
2351
Guy 對這些想法很有興趣
07:00
not because I was asking for his money,
133
408466
3305
不是因為我跟他要錢
07:03
but because I came to him with a good idea
134
411771
3426
而是因為我給他一個很棒的想法
07:07
in which everybody was happy.
135
415197
1722
並得到大家都很滿意的結果
07:08
It was kind of a perfect triangle
136
416919
2109
就像是一個完美的三角形
07:11
in which the art buyer was happy
137
419028
3487
藝術作品的買家很高興
07:14
because he got the instruments at a cheaper price,
138
422515
2940
因為他以低價購得他要的樂器
07:17
because they weren't even made.
139
425455
1873
因為這些樂器甚至是虛構的
07:19
He took a leap of faith.
140
427328
1609
他有充足的信心
07:20
And the artist, Dominique Engel, brilliant guy,
141
428937
3857
而藝術家 Dominique Engel，他很有才華
07:24
he was happy too because he had a dream project
142
432794
2829
他也很高興，因為有個企劃能讓他發揮想像力
07:27
to work on for a year.
143
435623
1481
可以讓他花一年來製作
07:29
And obviously I was happy because I got the instruments
144
437104
3814
而我當然也很高興
因為我得到我想要的樂器了
因為我得到我想要的樂器了
07:32
in my film for free, which was kind of what I tried to do.
145
440918
4808
沒花半毛錢，這正是我一直追求的
07:37
So here they are.
146
445726
1718
這部影片因而誕生
07:39
And my last example of how constraints
147
447444
3474
而我最後一個
07:42
can boost creativity
148
450918
1509
限制激發創造力的例子是
07:44
comes from the green,
149
452427
3610
來自「綠」這個顏色
07:48
because this is a weird color, a crazy color,
150
456037
3843
因為綠是個奇怪的顏色，一種瘋狂的顏色
07:51
and you need to replace the green screens eventually
151
459880
3062
最後我們還是要以綠屏拍攝
07:54
and you must figure that out sooner rather than later.
152
462942
2821
我們遲早都要明白這個道理
07:57
And I had, again, pretty much, ideas in my mind
153
465763
4173
而再次強調，我心中有很多的點子
08:01
as to what the world would be,
154
469936
2016
到底這個世界會變成什麼模樣
08:03
but then again I turned to my childhood imagination
155
471952
5078
但再次回到我小時候的想像
08:09
and went to the work of Belgian comic book master
156
477030
3563
回到比利時漫畫大師 François Schuiten
08:12
François Schuiten in Belgium.
157
480593
2648
他在比利時的作品
08:15
And this guy is another guy I admire a lot,
158
483241
3320
他是另一位我景仰的人物
08:18
and I wanted him to be involved in the movie
159
486561
2472
我也希望他能參與我的電影
08:21
as a production designer.
160
489033
2248
當我的舞台設計
08:23
But people told me, you know, Martin, it's impossible,
161
491281
2337
但大家都說，Martin，這是不可能的事
08:25
the guy is too busy and he will say no.
162
493618
2687
他太忙了，一定會拒絕你
08:28
Well, I said, you know what, instead of mimicking his style,
163
496305
3854
我說，你知道嗎，與其模仿他的風格
08:32
I might as well call the real guy and ask him,
164
500159
1999
我倒不如直接打電話問他
08:34
and I sent him my books,
165
502158
2676
然後我把我的書寄給他
08:36
and he answered that he was interested
166
504834
2023
然後他說他很有興趣
08:38
in working on the film with me
167
506857
1821
跟我一起製作這部電影
08:40
because he could be a big fish in a small aquarium.
168
508678
4184
因為他可以在小水族箱裡當條大魚
08:44
In other words, there was space for him to dream with me.
169
512862
3894
換句話說，那是他和我一起做夢的小小空間
08:48
So here I was with one of my childhood heroes,
170
516756
2834
所以我有了一位我童年的英雄
08:51
drawing every single frame that's in the film
171
519590
2945
來為電影每個鏡頭製圖
08:54
to turn that into Montreal in the future.
172
522535
3214
來描繪出蒙特婁未來的模樣
08:57
And it was an amazing collaboration
173
525749
2124
跟我崇拜的偉大藝術家一起工作
08:59
to work with this great artist whom I admire.
174
527873
2653
真的是一次非常棒的合作
09:02
But then, you know, eventually you have to turn
175
530526
3688
但最後還是必須將所有製圖
09:06
all these drawings into reality.
176
534214
2024
拍成電影
09:08
So, again, my solution was to aim
177
536238
3129
所以再一次，我的方法
09:11
for the best possible artist that I could think of.
178
539367
3107
還是找我能想到的，最好的藝術家
09:14
And there's this guy in Montreal, another Quebecois
179
542474
3401
在蒙特婁有個人，另一位魁北克人
09:17
called Carlos Monzon, and he's a very good VFX artist.
180
545875
3982
叫做 Carlos Monzon，他非常擅長製作視覺特效
09:21
This guy had been lead compositor on such films
181
549857
3482
他曾經是許多電影重要的後製合成師
09:25
as "Avatar" and "Star Trek" and "Transformers,"
182
553339
2947
像是《阿凡達》、《星際爭霸戰》和《變形金剛》
09:28
and other unknown projects like this,
183
556286
2233
和其他類似的影片
09:30
and I knew he was the perfect fit for the job,
184
558519
2914
而我明白他是我的不二人選
09:33
and I had to convince him,
185
561433
1543
我必須說服他
09:34
and, instead of working on the next Spielberg movie,
186
562976
3431
結果他放棄了史匹柏的電影
09:38
he accepted to work on mine.
187
566407
2056
決定製作我的電影
09:40
Why? Because I offered him a space to dream.
188
568463
3787
為什麼？因為我給他一個想像的空間
09:44
So if you don't have money to offer to people,
189
572250
3414
所以如果你們請不起別人
09:47
you must strike their imagination with something
190
575664
3215
一定要盡你所能，以某種事物
09:50
as nice as you can think of.
191
578879
2512
打動他們的想像力
09:53
So this is what happened on this movie,
192
581391
2376
而這就是電影呈現出來的樣子
09:55
and that's how it got made,
193
583767
1341
就是這樣製作出來的
09:57
and we went to this very nice postproduction company
194
585108
3131
我們去了這間非常棒的後製公司
10:00
in Montreal called Vision Globale,
195
588239
2072
它位於蒙特婁，叫做 Vision Globale
10:02
and they lent their 60 artists to work full time
196
590311
4637
這間公司派了60位後製人員
10:06
for six months to do this crazy film.
197
594948
2946
為期六個月，來全職製作這齣瘋狂的電影
10:09
So I want to tell you that, if you have some crazy ideas
198
597894
4789
所以我想告訴大家
如果你心中有些稀奇古怪的想法
如果你心中有些稀奇古怪的想法
10:14
in your mind, and that people tell you
199
602683
1673
然後身邊的人都告訴你
10:16
that it's impossible to make,
200
604356
1487
那是辦不到的事
10:17
well, that's an even better reason to want to do it,
201
605843
2595
那你就更有理由去實踐它
10:20
because people have a tendency
202
608438
2100
因為人都有盲點
10:22
to see the problems rather than the final result,
203
610538
3331
只看到問題表面，而看不到完成的結果
10:25
whereas if you start to deal with problems
204
613869
2782
然而一旦你開始解決問題
10:28
as being your allies rather than your opponents,
205
616651
2802
把問題當作你的戰友，而非敵人
10:31
life will start to dance with you
206
619453
2511
你的人生將能隨之起舞
10:33
in the most amazing way.
207
621964
1556
以不可思議的方式實現
10:35
I have experienced it.
208
623520
1688
我已經有過這樣的經驗了
10:37
And you might end up doing some crazy projects,
209
625208
3059
最後可能真的能夠執行一些特別的計畫
10:40
and who knows, you might even end up
210
628267
2939
誰知道呢！我們最後
10:43
going to Mars.
211
631206
2264
可能真的能登陸火星也說不定
10:45
Thank you.
212
633470
1701
謝謝大家
10:47
(Applause)
213
635171
3215
(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Martin Villeneuve - Graphic artist, directorIn his film "Mars et Avril," Martin Villeneuve brings his sci-fi romance graphic novel to glorious life.
Why you should listen
The musician who plays otherworldly music on one-of-a-kind instruments, the genius who designs the instruments inspired by a woman's body, and the photographer they both love. An old-fashioned love triangle is at the heart of Mars et Avril, a bold and dreamy sci-fi story set in a future Montreal where the Champ-de-Mars subway line takes you right out to Mars. While many sci-fi films have budgets exceeding $100 million, this incredible arthouse version was made for just $2 million thanks to the bold creativity of filmmaker Martin Villeneuve.
By taking his time on the project, asking the best creatives for favors and approaching problems as exciting challenges, Villeneuve has made a movie that seemed impossible. The film has shown at festivals, and is available on DVD. Villeneuve is currently working on securing international distribution for the work.
Villeneuve made the film based on his two graphic novels, also titled Mars et Avril. Villeneuve is the former artistic director for the ad agency Sid Lee that works with Cirque du Soleil. Among other projects, he's now working with comic book masters Benoît Sokal and François Schuiten on an animated fantasy feature film, Aquarica, and on a sci-fi movie with Pressman Film, tentatively titled The Other World.
Martin Villeneuve | Speaker | TED.com