Gretchen Carlson, David Brooks: Political common ground in a polarized United States
葛蕾琴·卡森, 大偉·布庫斯: 兩極分化美國的政治共識
Gretchen Carlson is a tireless advocate for workplace equality and women's empowerment. Full bio Vy Higginsen's Gospel Choir - Gospel ensemble
Vy Higginsen's Gospel Choir of Harlem is an influential source of education and self-development for young people. Full bioDavid Brooks - Op-ed columnist
Writer and thinker David Brooks has covered business, crime and politics over a long career in journalism. Full bioChris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
to this next edition of TED Dialogues.
歡迎來到新一期的 TED 對話。
some bridging here today.
has inspired millions of people
that America is divided,
to be getting worse.
for people on different sides
to each other right now.
is to try to do something about that,
of conversation,
some understanding.
to help us do that.
來幫助我們一起做這件事。
hammer and tong against each other.
a lot of their working life
or right of the center.
in conservative worldviews, if you like.
沉浸在保守的世界觀中,
what is happening right now,
more connected conversations.
working at Fox News,
and then "The Real Story,"
in filing sexual harassment claims
然後主持《實話實説》新聞節目,
羅傑斯·艾爾斯離開福克斯新聞。
to his departure from Fox News.
left-leaning readers
some of the right-leaning readers
對川普某些方面的批評,
也加入聲討他的行列中。
of some aspects of Trump.
most-read content of the day
and social science
for what's going on.
to Gretchen and David.
voted for Donald Trump.
有很多因素導致為什麼會這樣。
of reasons, in my mind, why it happened.
但早些年就開始了,
of sorts, but it started long ago.
that I would think of --
being done in Washington,
of the population
never listens to them,
of America, not just the coasts,
不只是在沿海地區,
was listening to their concerns.
他在傾聽他們的訴求。
would be the main reason.
on Donald Trump becoming president.
成為總統有很大的影響。
I wrote about 30 columns
我大概寫了 30 篇專欄文章,
be the Republican nominee.
不會被共和黨提名。
and gotten that so wrong,
just out in Trumpworld,
who was going to a funeral for her mom.
她要去參加母親的葬禮。
是我們不必說話,
being Catholic is we don't have to speak,
善於舞文弄墨的人。」
because we're not word people."
舞文弄墨的人。
are word people,
都是和文字打交道的,
has not been angled toward you,
are out of the labor force
"I'm not the richest person in the world,
「我不是世界上最有錢的,
我也以此為傲。」
and I get some dignity out of that."
變鳳凰這些個有的沒的,
or whatever, if you're not rich or famous,
自己被當成空氣了。
sense of feeling betrayed,
we almost have one success story,
我們幾乎有個成功的故事:
找份白領的工作,你就是成功的;
a white-collar job, and you're a success,
現在也還在問,
voters and still do,
對他的失敗都超現實,
realistic about his failings,
that he would be the nominee,
he did extremely well
extremely well,
it sounded good.
to that simplicity again.
That sounds fantastic."
聽起來太棒了。」
on my show originally,
遠不像現在眾所周知,
was even "The Apprentice,"
one show on TV.
and they'd be like,
第一名的電視節目。」
the number one show on TV."
the number one show on TV.
第一熱門的電視節目。
this ability in him
我在他身上看到了
令人困惑的是:
to a lot of people on the left
about this for Time Motto,
〈Motto 〉欄目寫過專欄,
that lot of people put on blinders,
很多人對此選擇視而不見,
that policies they believed in
and not being invisible anymore
or acts as a human.
普通人的行為不妥更重要,
about the disabled reporter,
in that audiotape with Billy Bush
about women --
they hadn't seen that or heard that,
policies were more important.
someone voted for Trump,
that he's said or stood for.
that would say to me,
before the election.
he'd get elected."
認為裡面有貓膩,
there's a trap there,
或者說被搞糊塗了,
or just be baffled by the support,
of the unattractive features.
他們也還是會支持他,
him despite those,
being thrown off in some way
伯尼·桑德斯身上也看到了這些。
on the left as well -- Bernie Sanders.
可以拿來談論的共通處之一,
that I think we can talk about today,
David -- right?
在國會有些時間了,
has been in Congress for a long time,
on the left as well,
of Bernie Sanders.
people who like Bernie Sanders,
喜歡伯尼·桑德斯的人,
但深層次的卻是憤怒。
but the underpinning was anger.
this narrative, then,
for Trump's victory and his rise
in a very visceral way.
that it's actually more than that,
that's being worked on here.
川普明白我不懂的東西,
frankly, I didn't,
versus small government debate.
versus George McGovern,
we had been having for a generation.
government to enhance equality,
to enhance freedom.
the two major parties did not,
the tailwinds of globalization
who feel the headwinds of globalization
just blasting in their faces,
closed borders, closed social mores,
封閉邊界、封閉的社會道德,
on that fundamental issue,
to overlook a lot to get there.
Trump's joint session speech.
第二天早上,我們說過:
groups in the Republican Party.
as global policeman.
of a single social conservative issue.
on the national debt, Tea Party,
革了美國主要政黨的命,
revolutionized a major American party
where the debate was headed
on your insights
in very simple terms
排外、怒火中燒的傢伙。
xenophobic, anger-sparking person.
that is perhaps an unfair simplification.
這種簡化相當不公平。
that's probably true, too.
還有法國國民陣線,
there's the National Front in France,
a Philippine version.
這是全球的知性運動。
is a global intellectual movement.
in individual conversation and civility
in the enlightenment side of the world do.
世界啟蒙信條不同。
德語中「Volk」是人民,
is the "volk" -- in the people,
與生俱來的智慧裡,
of the plain people.
總受到外界的威脅。
is always being threatened by outsiders.
for how to get there.
to bring the people up
are Islam, Mexicans, the media,
it's a very coherent worldview.
一氣呵成的世界觀。
and I think he's wrong on the substance,
認為他本質上不對,
with a set of ideas
of the White House
that the core question of our time now is:
but also have a global mindset?
和愛國的心嗎?
implacably opposed to each other?
that it's a different category,
and the globalists
和全球主義者給氣炸了。
as, sort of, not cheering for America,
in your conversations with people,
a huge difference between --
people who live on the coasts.
an understanding of Middle America,
所以我對中部很瞭解,
我能體會到出了什麽問題。
an understanding of what happened here,
沒人傾聽他們的聲音,
like nobody's listening to them,
on California and New York.
why Trump was elected.
they were being heard.
終於有人聽到他們的心聲。
不是保守黨的事情。
last night are not conservative things.
and given that speech,
stood up to applaud.
a trillion dollars on infrastructure.
maternity leave.
這也不是保守觀點。
it's not a conservative viewpoint.
was during the campaign,
他們現在會如何反應?
think they'll react to that?
in Lower Manhattan,
我在曼哈頓下城區長大,
the Strand Bookstore
沿海精英的正牌成員。
of the coastal elite, my man.
of the speech last night?
to a more moderate position,
這是川普最好的演講,
was his best speech,
anything about anything
to see him at his best,
contradiction that he's got to confront,
他必需面對重要矛盾,
就是提供安全保障。
is offering security.
for you, for my people."
at a lot of his economic policies,
他的很多經濟政策,
private health care accounts,
Deregulation: that's risk.
去除管制:是風險。
between the security of the mindset
which are very risk-oriented.
having spent this year,
in New Mexico --
"No thank you."
will fail for that reason.
會因此而失敗。
you just made of him,
is coming from the same place.
amount of chaos and confusion, but --
to a wide range of voices.
he said last night
他在演講前有聽她的話。
to her before that speech.
昨天晚上川普很義正言辭。
last night, as opposed to Twitter Trump.
為什麼我會說:
to see if anything's changed."
看看有沒有變化。」
were expecting last night?
抑或低一點?
and gives a looking political speech,
on which direction he goes.
to build bridges here,
看不起川普的觀眾來說,
that may have contempt for Trump,
no, this is a real thing.
我盡量去尊重他,
showing respect for him,
of his character
性格應該受到譴責,
and are going to doom him.
as right of center,
with this visceral reaction against him
a conversation?
on evidence so far,
to change the system radically.
還有對他們的置之不理。
and how it's left them out.
龐大政府計劃極具諷刺性,
a huge government program last night
"stimulus," I find it completely ironic.
on something --
he's a Republican.
who identifies as conservative:
in the limitations of politics.
that human hearts endure,
can cause and cure."
is the moral nature of the society.
character comes first,
the character threshold
of conservative who --
一位拉丁裔嘻哈明星扮演了他——
from the heights --
是非常面向未來的。
was very future-oriented.
rise to success,
poor boys and girls like him
一樣貧窮的男孩和女孩
to create social mobility.
政府創造社會流動性。
and for Teddy Roosevelt,
was the idea of the future.
and slavery in our past,
種族主義和奴隸制,
美國定義是倒退的,
Bannon stands for is backwards-looking.
the American identity.
這是俄羅斯的身份。
the Russian identity.
對保守主義立場
and foundational betrayal
like to hear from you,
有人發表些見解,那我們——
from some of you, we'll --
我試圖說服開明的朋友,
to convince progressive friends
支持者的動機是什麼,
what motivates Trump supporters,
自私和仇恨,
trying to understand
放棄嘗試去理解。
as lies, selfishness and hatred.
the Tea Party of the left,
there are commonalities in anger,
事情都攤到檯面上來,
both being passionate about something.
the c-word has also become
and the far right,
to even think about it.
of voters, myself included,
一部分人希望看到變革,
that wants to see change
就是想試圖溝通你我。
we're trying to bridge.
right now, perhaps especially on the left,
to the great tyranny
唯一道義上的反應
拼了命地反抗,
is to fight it tooth and nail,
如果僅字面上來説,那沒有。
If it means literal fighting, then no.
那也許會提高點意識,
marching to raise consciousness,
是透過政黨和政治來實現的。
we do it through parties and politics.
are big, diverse, messy coalitions,
多元而凌亂的同盟,
morally unsatisfying
a bunch of compromises.
a competition between partial truths.
有一部分是真實的,
of the truth in America.
是正確問題的錯誤答案,
to the right question,
of opiates around the country,
the spread of loneliness,
whose lives are inverted.
doesn't take fighting,
演講中也看到了抵抗,
even at the speech,
who came and wore white
to actually get rid of the amendment
that's the right way to fight.
because I was looking in the audience,
沒穿白衫的民主黨女士。
who didn't wear white.
that are not necessarily doing that.
但不一定非得這樣。
questions, to me, is:
更多位於政治光譜的中段,
but, if you like, are more in the center,
amenable to persuasion --
by seeing a passionate uprising
他們更易被說服,
and push them away?
"Well, you're kind of a bigot,
you're supporting sexism.
舊專制黨派崛起的法西斯」?
from some authoritarian past"?
too persuasive to you.
are persuaded is by:
for the point of view, and saying,
不會讓你達成願望的。」
to get you where you need to go."
you've heard over and over again,
I heard it almost on an hourly basis,
"political correctness."
「都不讓我們說我們想說的。」
letting us say what we think."
自己掉進了坑裡,
that liberals have fallen into
they really believe in,
of "political correctness."
They have pushed people away.
a lot of the argument, though,
「集權主義」,
"authoritarianism" --
寫過八百萬篇的反川普文章,
eight million anti-Trump columns,
for the coastal media,
特別是對於沿海媒體來說,
slightly wrong, we go to 11,
我們都要小題大做,
credibility at some point.
也喊得太早了。
and a little too early.
when we really do have to cry wolf.
important things to me
對我來說有件重要的事情:
handles Trump.
when things are not true,
in this entire discussion,
整個討論的重中之重,
followers of somebody
if he tells the truth or not,
保守媒體怎麼回應?
media going to respond to it?
of conservative media deal with that
要麽是查爾斯·柯翰默或喬治·威爾,
or Charles Krauthammer or George Will.
of institutions further right,
Alex Jones、Laura Ingraham,
Alex Jones, Laura Ingraham,
his base, not even so much Fox.
而沒有福斯多少事了。
真相的問題。
is just on this question of the truth.
things to people right now,
面臨最可怕的事情之一,
是什麼尚未達成共識。
nationally, on what is true.
is delivering fake news every day.
每天都在提供假消息。
some kind of consensus,
media was biased.
between being biased and being fake.
distinction in this conversation.
非常重要的區別。
in the mainstream media.
to try and mend that.
is nuclearizing that and saying,
all of that fake."
to the truth than to any ...
of not supporting something
a correction at some point?
eventually comes out.
has based a lot of his economic policy
很多經濟政策基於
have lost manufacturing jobs
by the Chinese.
of the jobs that left.
were replaced by technology.
是被技術所取代的,
and all the jobs will come roaring back,"
讓工作都呼啦啦地回來」,
他的支持者卻認為是真的,
his supporters think is the truth,
you might say that,
會不會回歸是個問題,
will come back or they will not come back,
will work or it doesn't work,
because of great marketing,
addresses a real problem
the truth will out.
please raise your hand here.
我對著 TED 錄音盒說話。
talking to each other more
這個問題的文章,
published on this subject as well,
聽到自由主義者說——
yes, I live in New York,
the Rust Belt?
及五大湖區),卻什麼都不做?
Middle America better?
來更好地瞭解美國中部?
任何嘗試來對話,
or conversations from Middle America
又要做些什麽?
the so-called coastal elites better?
as being put in a box as a coastal elite
沿海精英的小圈子裡,很不爽;
as being considered a flyover state
cheering as you --
Facebook 在為你叫好。
who has been conservative
(主打搖滾、金屬樂)。
are all on the left.
where the culture is liberal.
it's going to be liberal.
會選自由輕鬆的。
it'll be the New York Times.
那將是《紐約時報》。
to speak both languages.
for a number of years,
開播《國家評論》時,
with William F. Buckley,
against people every day.
is you have ghettoization on the right
如果你自我設限為右派,
on the right has diminished,
明尼蘇達、愛荷華或亞利桑那,
in Minnesota or Iowa or Arizona,
make themselves aware to you,
沒能從沿海精英獲得什麽?
not get about coastal elites?
with the real problems.
an elitism that is very off-putting.
精英主義讓人不爽。
in this room, for example,
is the same problem with elitism.
是同樣的問題。
social class distinction
to apply in reality.
there are some people in New York
可也有人是可悲的,
and some people who are pathetic,
are awesome and some people are pathetic.
有些人很棒,有些人很糟。
of what degree you have
in the country.
而簡單粗暴地簡化。
simplification to arouse political power.
去看電視新聞談話節目,
to watch a television news show
that they normally wouldn't.
某天去看看其他陣營的,
watch the other side for a day,
to have a conversation.
如果你是個自由主義者,
that's very conservative.
you would normally read,
of what the other side is thinking,
想的事情是怎麽一回事,
of coming together.
you worry about, these bubbles.
certain entities,
其他地方在說什麼。
of the world is talking about.
that meets at least once a month
每月去碰個頭,見個面,
with people completely unlike yourself
與你完全不同的人,
a responsibility for.
automotive models in this country,
are all pickup trucks.
我認識的人中誰有輛小貨卡?
do I know who own a pickup truck?
可能少的可憐或沒有。
for a lot of people.
kind of a problem.
with a person who drives a pickup truck
有很多共同之處,
interest in whatever?
contributing to this.
可以解決這個問題。
of communications,
media and individualized content,
和個性化內容的普及,
a political divide,
into echo chambers?"
and Google, since the election,
和 Google 都在努力解決這個問題。
last time round.
promising signs of ...?
of the equation.
argument from the right,
and the internet in general
that were not their worldview.
that's not what I believe."
我都不相信的東西。」
changed everything,
of Twitter changing absolutely everything.
改變局勢很好的例子。
without a filter,
correctness, and I'm curious:
become synonymous with silencing,
about other people
and preserve their dignity?
really pounded this issue
有點講爛了這個問題,
spent a lot of time
去表達自己的想法。
the ability to say what they think.
became so popular:
of people in America
gave them the opportunity
這個正當的觀點是
it's a legitimate point of view
in the country,
especially from Britain.
尤其是來自英格蘭。
英國口音呢,好不好?
sort of impermissible to say that,
you must be a bigot of some sort.
説明你有點頑固不化。
was not only cracking down on speech
completely offensive,
that was legitimate,
and thought into action
and people thrown out of schools,
that somebody finds offensive,
you can say "You're insulting my group,"
你可以說「你在詆毀我們組」,
will come down into your dorm room
of what is permissible to say.
should be some social sanction against,
to enforce a political agenda.
if you like -- progressives --
around political correctness
uncomfortable language
won't be so offended?
especially elite universities,
特別是精英大學,
to try to enforce some sort of thought
and correct thought.
我們是在這麽做嗎?
of, are we doing that?
the University of Chicago,
我們將無安全之處,
we will have no safe spaces.
of micro-aggression.
well, welcome to the world of education.
那很歡迎來到教育界。
對時下發生事情的糾正——
of people on the left, by the way --
from Karen Holloway:
go back to some fictional past?
都倒退到虛構的舊社會?
in the American dream,
our children is the basics,
根本的東西,
whatever you want.
就能實現夢想。
wow, that's maybe not always so true.
喔,原來也不完全是真的。
for that to continue.
大家依然相信美國夢。
超過其父母的比例——
exceeding their parents' salary --
in social mobility in the country.
century has basically been a disaster,
基本上是場災難,
and we're in deep trouble.
現在我們深陷困境。
in real terms, population-adjusted,
我們調整後的平均人口,
than one percent growth.
that they should take risks,
他們該冒點風險,
就是流動性急劇下降,
is a rapid decline in mobility,
across state lines,
among millennials.
以便他們能承擔風險呢?
from which they can take risk?
theory of raising children,
is based on the motto
基於安全的大膽冒險。
of daring adventures from a secure base.
we do not have a secure base,
去冒「漢密爾頓式」的險,
risk-taking, energetic ethos
there's ground here
a bridging conversation,
溝通的對話機制,
that there is this really deep problem
這個深層次的問題,
the economic system that we built,
that it's not all about immigrants,
這不全關乎移民,
最最爭議的領域將不再顯著,
the single most divisive territory
which is around the role of the other.
to have the other demonized
seems to be demonized.
could agree, as you said,
may have happened too fast,
human societies struggle,
becomes de-emphasized
on recognizing that it's real,
probably wasn't properly addressed
how to rebuild communities
the fertile conversation of the future:
成為很多未來的話題:
in this modern age,
I'm not looking at the facts,
at it from an optimistic point of view --
孩子:「看,世界很悲觀。」
to say, "Look, the world is dim."
one more question from the room here.
基礎設施計劃和俄羅斯,
the infrastructure plan and Russia
優先考慮的事情。
traditional Republican priorities.
或何時會積極行動
will Republicans be motivated
he's got 85 percent approval,
受歡迎度有 85%,
had at this time,
has just gotten more polarized.
much more than they used to.
and the Republicans in Congress
concerned about reelection,
with getting people either for you
every day, probably:
or should I not?"
sounded presidential,
今天都鬆了口氣。
a sigh of relief today.
等發佈推特後再評論吧。
until Twitter happens again.
給你倆每人一次機會,
each of you the chance
to -- I don't know --
somewhere in the middle.
或者左右派中間的某個位置,
or to relate to other people?
彌補鴻溝或建立聯係?
tell them that as well.
也不妨說說看。
and coming together starts from the top,
從一開就始於頂層,
could encourage their leaders
都可以鼓勵他們的領導人
that we could have
to be more inclusive
starts from the top,
people are coming from on the other side.
each other to be civil,
是他粉碎了界限。
is he smashed our categories.
we were thinking in, they're obsolete.
全部分類,都已經過時了。
They're not good for today.
但今天不好使了。
closing borders and closing trade.
重建社區,再造就業,
communities, recreate jobs,
divisions and our current categories.
on macroeconomic policy,
宏觀經濟的雷根主義政策,
生機勃勃的經濟去創造增長。
economy that creates growth.
nurse-family partnerships;
with wraparound programs
of social solidarity in this country
從社會危機中恢復團結,
a lot more involved
喜歡的那樣去重建社區。
to rebuild communities.
an economy that's free and open
自由和開放的經濟,
is how you smash through
我們兩極分化的本質。
ultimately shapes our polarization.
fascinating conversation.
really interesting.
going on Facebook.
歡迎向我們提供你的想法,
of the political spectrum you're on,
in the world you are.
It's about the world, too.
to end today without music,
in every political conversation,
政治對話中都放點音樂,
completely different, frankly.
一位了不起的女士,
that brings teens together,
and the impact of gospel music,
through this program.
of ending this TED Dialogue
來結束今天的 TED 對話。
Gospel Choir from Harlem.
瓦艾·黑格森福音合唱團。
for spacious skies
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Gretchen Carlson - TV journalist, women's empowerment advocateGretchen Carlson is a tireless advocate for workplace equality and women's empowerment.
Why you should listen
Named one of TIME's 100 Most Influential People in the World for 2017, Gretchen Carlson is one of the nation's most highly acclaimed journalists and a warrior for women. In 2016, Carlson became the face of sexual harassment in the workplace after her lawsuit against Fox News Chairman and CEO Roger Ailes paved the way for thousands of other women facing harassment to tell their stories. Carlson's advocacy put her on the cover of TIME, and her new book, Be Fierce: Stop Harassment and Take Your Power Back, joined the New York Times best-seller list the week it was published. She became a columnist for TIME's online "Motto" newsletter in 2017, focusing on gender and empowerment issues.
Carlson's ongoing work on behalf of women includes advocating for arbitration reform on Capitol Hill; in 2018, she plans to testify before Congress about workplace inequality and forced arbitration clauses in employment contracts. Carlson also created the Gift of Courage Fund and the Gretchen Carlson Leadership Initiative to support empowerment, advocacy and anti-harassment programs for girls and underserved women.
Carlson hosted "The Real Story" on Fox News for three years; co-hosted "Fox and Friends" for seven years; and in her first book, Getting Real, became a national best-seller. She co-hosted "The Saturday Early Show" for CBS in 2000 and served as a CBS News correspondent covering stories including Geneoa's G-8 Summit, Timothy McVeigh’s execution, 9/11 from the World Trade Center and the Bush-Gore election. She started her reporting career in Richmond, Virginia, then served as an anchor and reporter in Cincinnati, Cleveland and Dallas, where she produced and reported a 30-part series on domestic violence that won several national awards.
An honors graduate of Stanford University, Carlson was valedictorian of her high school class and studied at Oxford University in England. A child prodigy on the violin, she performed as a soloist with the Minnesota Symphony Orchestra at age 13, and in 1989, became the first classical violinist to win the Miss America crown.
Ever grateful for the opportunities provided to her and imbued with a "never give up" attitude, Carlson has mentored dozens of young women throughout her career. She serves as a national trustee for the March of Dimes, a member of the board of directors for the Catherine Violet Hubbard Animal Sanctuary in Newtown, Connecticut and a trustee of Greenwich Academy, an all-girls preparatory day school in Greenwich, Connecticut. Carlson is married to sports agent Casey Close and mom to their two children.
Gretchen Carlson | Speaker | TED.com
Vy Higginsen's Gospel Choir - Gospel ensemble
Vy Higginsen's Gospel Choir of Harlem is an influential source of education and self-development for young people.
Why you should listen
Vy Higginsen's Gospel Choir of Harlem is a celebrated group of performers elevated from the Mama Foundation for the Arts' Music School of Gospel, Jazz and R&B. The Foundation, founded by the writer/producer of Mama, I Want to Sing!, is a highly respected and influential source of education and self-development for young people. The award-winning, nationally recognized program offers performance choirs small, medium, and large and has been seen accompanying many of today's pop icons including Ariana Grande, Chance the Rapper, Pharrell Williams, Alessia Cara and Madonna.
In addition to various performances and collaborations throughout New York City, the choir enjoys weekly performances in Harlem. They can be seen every Sunday headlining Ginny Supper Club's Gospel Brunch at Marcus Samuelson's acclaimed restaurant, Red Rooster, which is ranked one of the top five gospel brunches in the nation. The choir will begin Saturday performances in The Harlem Gospel Concert Series beginning April 15th at The Dempsey Theater in Harlem.
Vy Higginsen's Gospel Choir | Speaker | TED.com
David Brooks - Op-ed columnist
Writer and thinker David Brooks has covered business, crime and politics over a long career in journalism.
Why you should listen
David Brooks became an Op-Ed columnist for The New York Times in September 2003. He is currently a commentator on "The PBS Newshour," NPR’s "All Things Considered" and NBC's "Meet the Press."
He is the author of Bobos in Paradise and The Social Animal. In April 2015, he released with his fourth book, The Road to Character, which was a #1 New York Times bestseller.
Brooks also teaches at Yale University, and is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
Born on August 11, 1961 in Toronto, Canada, Brooks graduated a bachelor of history from the University of Chicago in 1983. He became a police reporter for the City News Bureau, a wire service owned jointly by the Chicago Tribune and Sun-Times.
He worked at The Washington Times and then The Wall Street Journal for nine years. His last post at the Journal was as Op-ed Editor. Prior to that, he was posted in Brussels, covering Russia, the Middle East, South Africa and European affairs. His first post at the Journal was as editor of the book review section, and he filled in as the Journal's movie critic.
He also served as a senior editor at The Weekly Standard for 9 years, as well as contributing editor for The Atlantic and Newsweek.
David Brooks | Speaker | TED.com
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.
Why you should listen
Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.
Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.
Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.
Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.
This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.
He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.
In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.
Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com