ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Taryn Simon - Artist
With a large-format camera and a knack for talking her way into forbidden zones, Taryn Simon photographs portions of the American infrastructure inaccessible to its inhabitants.

Why you should listen

Taryn Simon is a multidisciplinary artist working in photography, text, sculpture and performance. Guided by an interest in systems of categorization and classification, her practice involves extensive research into the power and structure of secrecy and the precarious nature of survival. Her works have been the subject of exhibitions at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Copenhagen (2016-17); The Albertinum, Dresden (2016); Galerie Rudolfinum, Prague (2016); Garage Museum of Contemporary Art, Moscow (2016); Jeu de Paume, Paris (2015); Ullens Center for Contemporary Art, Beijing (2013); Museum of Modern Art, New York (2012); Tate Modern, London (2011); Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin (2011); and Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (2007). 

In An American Index of the Hidden and Unfamiliar, Simon compiles an inventory of what lies hidden and out-of-view within the borders of the United States. She examines a culture through documentation of subjects from domains including: science, government, medicine, entertainment, nature, security and religion. Confronting the divide between those with and without the privilege of access, her collection reflects and reveals that which is integral to America’s foundation, mythology and daily functioning. 

A Living Man Declared Dead and Other Chapters I-XVIII was produced over a four-year period (2008–11) during which Simon traveled around the world researching and recording bloodlines and their related stories. In each of the eighteen "chapters" comprising the work, the external forces of territory, power, circumstance or religion collide with the internal forces of psychological and physical inheritance. The subjects documented by Simon include victims of genocide in Bosnia, test rabbits infected with a lethal disease in Australia, the first woman to hijack an aircraft, and the living dead in India. Her collection is at once cohesive and arbitrary, mapping the relationships among chance, blood and other components of fate.

Permanent collections include Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Tate Modern, London; the Guggenheim Museum, New York; Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris; and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles. Her work was included in the 56th Venice Biennale (2015). Simon's installation, An Occupation of Loss (2016), co-commissioned by the Park Avenue Armory and Artangel, premiered in New York in 2016. The performance will be held again in London in 2018. Simon is a graduate of Brown University and a Guggenheim Fellow. She lives and works in New York.

More profile about the speaker
Taryn Simon | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2009

Taryn Simon: Photographs of secret sites

塔琳賽門(Taryn Simon)拍攝不為人知的角落

Filmed:
1,770,382 views

塔琳賽門展現她攝影的慧眼,揭露人們看不到的角落。演講中她分享了兩個專案,一般大眾看不到的神祕地點,與被誤判的無辜者及其背後的故事。
- Artist
With a large-format camera and a knack for talking her way into forbidden zones, Taryn Simon photographs portions of the American infrastructure inaccessible to its inhabitants. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:18
Okay, so
0
0
2000
好的
00:20
90 percent百分 of my photographic攝影 process處理
1
2000
3000
我的攝影過程有90%
00:23
is, in fact事實, not photographic攝影.
2
5000
2000
都不是攝影本身
00:25
It involves涉及 a campaign運動 of letter writing寫作,
3
7000
3000
而是不停的寫信
00:28
research研究 and phone電話 calls電話
4
10000
2000
找資料、打電話、
00:30
to access訪問 my subjects主題,
5
12000
2000
與攝影對象連絡
00:32
which哪一個 can range範圍 from Hamas哈馬斯 leaders領導者 in Gaza加沙
6
14000
3000
從加薩的武裝組織哈馬斯領導者
00:35
to a hibernating冬眠 black黑色 bear in its cave洞穴
7
17000
3000
到西維吉尼亞州
00:38
in West西 Virginia弗吉尼亞州.
8
20000
3000
冬眠的黑熊
00:41
And oddly奇怪, the most notable顯著
9
23000
3000
我收到最奇怪的
00:44
letter of rejection拒絕 I ever received收到
10
26000
2000
一封回絕信竟然是
00:46
came來了 from Walt沃爾特 Disney迪士尼 World世界,
11
28000
2000
迪士尼樂園寫來的
00:48
a seemingly似乎 innocuous無害的 site現場.
12
30000
2000
一個看似無害的地方
00:50
And it read -- I'm just going to read a key sentence句子:
13
32000
3000
他們回覆,我念重點:
00:53
"Especially特別 during these violent暴力 times,
14
35000
3000
「尤其在現在的暴力時代,」
00:56
I personally親自 believe
15
38000
2000
「我個人相信」
00:58
that the magical神奇 spell拼寫 cast upon guests賓客 who visit訪問 our theme主題 parks公園
16
40000
4000
「來我們樂園玩的客人們,身上有著神奇魔法,」
01:02
is particularly尤其 important重要 to protect保護
17
44000
3000
「這魔法很重要,因為它幫助」
01:05
and helps幫助 to provide提供 them with an important重要 fantasy幻想
18
47000
2000
「人們逃離現實,進入一個幻想世界,」
01:07
they can escape逃逸 to."
19
49000
2000
「成為一種庇護。」
01:09
Photography攝影 threatens威脅 fantasy幻想.
20
51000
3000
照片威脅幻想
01:12
They didn't want to let my camera相機 in
21
54000
2000
他們不希望我拍攝
01:14
because it confronts面對 constructed realities現實, myths神話 and beliefs信仰,
22
56000
4000
因為相機挑戰了他們所建立的現實、虛幻與信仰
01:18
and provides提供 what appears出現 to be
23
60000
3000
提供了一種
01:21
evidence證據 of a truth真相.
24
63000
2000
事實的證據
01:23
But there are multiple truths真理 attached to every一切 image圖片,
25
65000
3000
但每張照片背後都有多重事實
01:26
depending根據 on the creator's創作者 intention意向, the viewer觀眾
26
68000
3000
取決於攝影者的目的、觀賞者、
01:29
and the context上下文 in which哪一個 it is presented呈現.
27
71000
4000
及照片展現的內容
01:33
Over a five year period following以下 September九月 11th,
28
75000
3000
911過後的五年
01:36
when the American美國 media媒體 and government政府 were seeking
29
78000
2000
美國媒體、政府忙著尋找
01:38
hidden and unknown未知 sites網站
30
80000
2000
海外那些
01:40
beyond its borders國界,
31
82000
2000
不為人知的地點
01:42
most notably特別是 weapons武器 of mass destruction毀壞,
32
84000
3000
特別是大規模毀滅性武器
01:45
I chose選擇 to look inward向內的 at that which哪一個 was integral積分
33
87000
3000
我選擇探究國內那些,對於美國基礎、
01:48
to America's美國 foundation基礎,
34
90000
2000
神話、每日生活而言,
01:50
mythology神話 and daily日常 functioning功能.
35
92000
2000
所不可或缺的東西
01:52
I wanted to confront面對 the boundaries邊界 of the citizen公民,
36
94000
3000
我希望能挑戰人們自我設定的、
01:55
self-imposed自我強加 and real真實,
37
97000
2000
真實的界限
01:57
and confront面對 the divide劃分 between之間 privileged特權
38
99000
3000
我想突破特權者和一般大眾間
02:00
and public上市 access訪問 to knowledge知識.
39
102000
4000
取得知識的鴻溝
02:04
It was a critical危急 moment時刻 in American美國 history歷史
40
106000
3000
當一個人自覺無法取得正確資訊
02:07
and global全球 history歷史
41
109000
2000
這是美國、國際史上
02:09
where one felt they didn't have access訪問 to accurate準確 information信息.
42
111000
3000
一個極關鍵時刻
02:12
And I wanted to see the center中央 with my own擁有 eyes眼睛,
43
114000
4000
我希望能親眼看見這一切的中心點
02:16
but what I came來了 away with is a photograph照片.
44
118000
3000
但我所能帶離的,只有相片
02:19
And it's just another另一個 place地點 from which哪一個 to observe,
45
121000
2000
這只是其中一個地方,能讓我觀察、
02:21
and the understanding理解 that
46
123000
2000
並了解世上沒有所謂
02:23
there are no absolute絕對, all-knowing順風耳 insiders業內人士.
47
125000
3000
絕對、無所不知的局內人
02:26
And the outsider局外人 can never really reach達到 the core核心.
48
128000
5000
而局外人永遠無法觸及中心點
02:31
I'm going to run through通過 some of the photographs照片 in this series系列.
49
133000
4000
我要給大家看一系列照片,
02:35
It's titled標題, "An American美國 Index指數
50
137000
2000
標題為「美國索引-」
02:37
of the Hidden and Unfamiliar陌生,"
51
139000
2000
「不為人知的地方」
02:39
and it's comprised of nearly幾乎 70 images圖片.
52
141000
3000
裡面有近70張照片
02:42
In this context上下文 I'll just show顯示 you a few少數.
53
144000
2000
今天只能展示其中的一些
02:44
This is a nuclear waste浪費 storage存儲 and encapsulation封裝 facility設施
54
146000
5000
這是核廢料儲存、壓縮設備
02:49
at Hanford漢福德 site現場 in Washington華盛頓 State,
55
151000
2000
在華盛頓州的漢福場址
02:51
where there are over 1,900
56
153000
2000
總共有1900個
02:53
stainless不銹 steel capsules膠囊 containing nuclear waste浪費
57
155000
2000
不鏽鋼容器裝著核廢料
02:55
submerged in water.
58
157000
2000
投入水裡
02:57
A human人的 standing常設 in front面前 of an unprotected無保護 capsule膠囊 would die instantly即刻.
59
159000
4000
如果站在未加防護的容器前會立刻死亡
03:01
And I found發現 one section部分 amongst其中包括 all of these
60
163000
3000
我找到其中的一部份
03:04
that actually其實 resembled相似 the outline大綱
61
166000
2000
形狀還真有點像
03:06
of the United聯合的 States狀態 of America美國,
62
168000
2000
美國國土
03:08
which哪一個 you can see here.
63
170000
2000
如各位所看到的
03:10
And a big part部分 of the work that is
64
172000
2000
我的專案很大一部分是
03:12
sort分類 of absent缺席 in this context上下文 is text文本.
65
174000
4000
以文字填補照片中的空白
03:16
So I create創建 these two poles.
66
178000
2000
我創造兩個部份
03:18
Every一切 image圖片 is accompanied伴隨著 with a very detailed詳細 factual事實 text文本.
67
180000
4000
每張照片旁,都以文字詳細記錄了事實
03:22
And what I'm most interested有興趣 in
68
184000
2000
我所有興趣的是
03:24
is the invisible無形 space空間 between之間 a text文本
69
186000
3000
存在於文字和照片之間的
03:27
and its accompanying隨同 image圖片,
70
189000
2000
隱形距離
03:29
and how the image圖片 is transformed改造 by the text文本
71
191000
3000
以及照片轉為文字、
03:32
and the text文本 by the image圖片.
72
194000
2000
文字轉為照片的過程
03:34
So, at best最好, the image圖片 is meant意味著 to float浮動 away
73
196000
2000
所以,照片充其量是
03:36
into abstraction抽象化 and multiple truths真理 and fantasy幻想.
74
198000
4000
抽象、多重現實、虛幻的
03:40
And then the text文本 functions功能 as this cruel殘忍 anchor
75
202000
3000
但文字的功能像是緊扣的錨
03:43
that kind of nails釘子 it to the ground地面.
76
205000
2000
牢牢的抓住事實
03:45
But in this context上下文 I'm just going to read
77
207000
3000
今天的演講
03:48
an abridged簡略 version of those texts文本.
78
210000
2000
我只能分享刪節的版本
03:50
This is a cryopreservation冷凍保存 unit單元,
79
212000
3000
這是一個超低溫冷凍法容器
03:53
and it holds持有 the bodies身體 of the wife妻子 and mother母親
80
215000
2000
裡面放的是人體冷凍法先驅
03:55
of cryonics人體冷凍 pioneer先鋒 Robert羅伯特 Ettinger艾丁格,
81
217000
2000
羅伯特·艾丁格的妻子與母親
03:57
who hoped希望 to be awoken喚起 one day to extended擴展 life
82
219000
3000
他希望有天能用先進的科技,
04:00
in good health健康, with advancements進步 in science科學 and technology技術,
83
222000
4000
喚起並延續她們的生命,重獲健康
04:04
all for the cost成本 of 35 thousand dollars美元, for forever永遠.
84
226000
5000
這項過程35000美元
04:09
This is a 21-year-old-歲 Palestinian巴勒斯坦的 woman女人
85
231000
3000
這是一名21歲的巴勒斯坦少女
04:12
undergoing經歷 hymenoplastyhymenoplasty.
86
234000
2000
接受處女膜修補手術
04:14
HymenoplastyHymenoplasty is a surgical外科 procedure程序 which哪一個 restores恢復 the virginal處女 state,
87
236000
5000
這是一項用來恢復處女之身的手術
04:19
allowing允許 her to adhere附著 to certain某些 cultural文化 expectations期望
88
241000
3000
讓她能夠滿足特定文化對於
04:22
regarding關於 virginity童貞 and marriage婚姻.
89
244000
2000
貞潔和婚姻的要求
04:24
So it essentially實質上 reconstructs來重構 a ruptured破裂 hymen處女膜,
90
246000
3000
它修復破裂的處女膜
04:27
allowing允許 her to bleed流血 upon having sexual有性 intercourse交往,
91
249000
4000
讓她能在性交時流血
04:31
to simulate模擬 the loss失利 of virginity童貞.
92
253000
3000
模擬失去貞操的過程
04:34
This is a jury陪審團 simulation模擬 deliberation審議 room房間,
93
256000
3000
這是一個陪審團審議的模擬室
04:37
and you can see beyond that two-way雙向 mirror鏡子
94
259000
2000
這雙向玻璃鏡的後面
04:39
jury陪審團 advisers顧問 standing常設 in a room房間 behind背後 the mirror鏡子.
95
261000
4000
陪審團顧問站在鏡後
04:43
And they observe deliberations審議
96
265000
2000
他們在模擬審判之後
04:45
after mock嘲笑 trial審訊 proceedings訴訟
97
267000
2000
觀察陪審團審議過程
04:47
so that they can better advise勸告 their clients客戶 how to adjust調整 their trial審訊 strategy戰略
98
269000
4000
以提供當事人更好的建議,並調整他們法庭上的策略
04:51
to have the outcome結果 that they're hoping希望 for.
99
273000
3000
並獲得他們所期望的結果
04:54
This process處理 costs成本 60,000 dollars美元.
100
276000
5000
這過程需要6萬美元
04:59
This is a U.S. Customs海關 and Border邊境 Protection保護 room房間,
101
281000
4000
這裡是美國海關暨邊境保安局
05:03
a contraband禁品 room房間, at John約翰 F. Kennedy肯尼迪 International國際 Airport飛機場.
102
285000
3000
在甘迺迪國際機場的違禁品室
05:06
On that table you can see 48 hours'小時' worth價值
103
288000
3000
那張桌子上是48小時內
05:09
of seized goods產品 from passengers乘客 entering進入 in to the United聯合的 States狀態.
104
291000
4000
從入境美國的乘客上,搜出的禁品
05:13
There is a pig's head and African非洲人 cane甘蔗 rats大鼠.
105
295000
4000
其中有個豬頭和非洲蔗鼠
05:17
And part部分 of my photographic攝影 work
106
299000
2000
我攝影的時候
05:19
is I'm not just documenting文檔化 what's there.
107
301000
3000
並非只是旁觀的紀錄
05:22
I do take certain某些 liberties自由 and intervene干預.
108
304000
3000
我會適時的介入
05:25
And in this I really wanted it to resemble類似
109
307000
2000
我希望將這張照片拍出
05:27
an early still-life靜物 painting繪畫,
110
309000
2000
早期的靜物畫的感覺
05:29
so I spent花費 some time with the smells氣味 and items項目.
111
311000
5000
所以我花了點時間聞味道與觀察物品
05:34
This is the exhibited展出 art藝術 on the walls牆壁 of the CIA中央情報局
112
316000
3000
這是CIA在維吉尼亞州蘭里(原始總部)
05:37
in Langley蘭利, Virginia弗吉尼亞州, their original原版的 headquarters司令部 building建造.
113
319000
3000
的展示藝術牆
05:40
And the CIA中央情報局 has had a long history歷史
114
322000
3000
CIA在秘密、公開文化外交上
05:43
with both covert隱蔽 and public上市 cultural文化 diplomacy外交 efforts努力.
115
325000
4000
有很長的歷史
05:47
And it's speculated推測 that some of their interest利益 in the arts藝術
116
329000
2000
有人推測,他們的藝術喜好
05:49
was designed設計 to counter計數器 Soviet蘇聯 communism共產主義
117
331000
3000
是用來抵制蘇聯共產主義
05:52
and promote促進 what it considered考慮 to be pro-American親美
118
334000
2000
並推廣所謂親美的
05:54
thoughts思念 and aesthetics美學.
119
336000
2000
想法與美學
05:56
And one of the art藝術 forms形式 that elicited引起 the interest利益 of the agency機構,
120
338000
4000
其中一種藝術形式引起CIA興趣
06:00
and had thus從而 come under question, is abstract抽象 expressionism表現主義.
121
342000
6000
後來受到質疑,就是抽象表現主義
06:06
This is the Forensic法庭的 Anthropology人類學 Research研究 Facility設施,
122
348000
4000
這是法醫人類學研究機構
06:10
and on a six acre英畝 plot情節
123
352000
2000
在這6英畝地
06:12
there are approximately 75 cadavers屍體 at any given特定 time
124
354000
4000
有約75具屍體
06:16
that are being存在 studied研究 by forensic法庭的 anthropologists人類學家
125
358000
3000
是法醫人類學家研究的對象
06:19
and researchers研究人員 who are interested有興趣 in monitoring監控
126
361000
3000
研究家會監控這些屍體
06:22
a rate of corpse屍體 decomposition分解.
127
364000
3000
分解的速度
06:25
And in this particular特定 photograph照片 the body身體 of a young年輕 boy男孩
128
367000
3000
這張照片是一個小男孩的屍體
06:28
has been used to reenact重演 a crime犯罪 scene現場.
129
370000
4000
被用來重現犯罪現場
06:32
This is the only federally聯邦政府 funded資助 site現場
130
374000
3000
這是唯一聯邦資助的
06:35
where it is legal法律 to cultivate培育 cannabis
131
377000
3000
合法種植大麻地點
06:38
for scientific科學 research研究 in the United聯合的 States狀態.
132
380000
3000
以作為全美研究用途
06:41
It's a research研究 crop作物 marijuana大麻 grow增長 room房間.
133
383000
2000
這是研究用大麻的種植室
06:43
And part部分 of the work that I hope希望 for
134
385000
3000
我想傳遞的是
06:46
is that there is a sort分類 of disorienting迷失方向 entropy
135
388000
3000
這種迷惘的無序狀態,
06:49
where you can't find any discernible可識別的 formula in how these things --
136
391000
4000
人們無法分辨出這些事情的模式
06:53
they sort分類 of awkwardly笨拙 jump from government政府 to science科學
137
395000
3000
好像從政府跳到科學、
06:56
to religion宗教 to security安全 --
138
398000
2000
又跳到宗教、安全保障
06:58
and you can't completely全然 understand理解
139
400000
3000
令人根本無法理解
07:01
how information信息 is being存在 distributed分散式.
140
403000
4000
資訊傳播的方式
07:05
These are transatlantic大西洋 submarine潛艇 communication通訊 cables電纜
141
407000
3000
這些是海底通訊電纜
07:08
that travel旅行 across橫過 the floor地板 of the Atlantic大西洋 Ocean海洋,
142
410000
3000
橫渡整個大西洋
07:11
connecting North America美國 to Europe歐洲.
143
413000
2000
連結北美與歐洲
07:13
They carry攜帶 over 60 million百萬 simultaneous同時 voice語音 conversations對話,
144
415000
4000
傳遞著超過6千萬即時通話
07:17
and in a lot of the government政府 and technology技術 sites網站
145
419000
3000
在很多政府、科技場所可以看到
07:20
there was just this very apparent明顯的 vulnerability漏洞.
146
422000
3000
它明顯的脆弱性
07:23
This one is almost幾乎 humorous幽默 because it feels感覺 like I could
147
425000
2000
這張很好笑,我覺得隨便一剪
07:25
just snipSNIP all of that conversation會話 in one easy簡單 cut.
148
427000
3000
就可以切斷所有通訊一樣
07:28
But stuff東東 did feel like it could have been taken採取
149
430000
4000
但它其實看起來很像30、40年前
07:32
30 or 40 years年份 ago, like it was locked鎖定 in the Cold War戰爭 era時代
150
434000
4000
停留在冷戰時期的東西,
07:36
and hadn't有沒有 necessarily一定 progressed進展.
151
438000
3000
沒有什麼進展
07:39
This is a Braille點字 edition of Playboy花花公子 magazine雜誌.
152
441000
3000
這是花花公子雜誌的點字版
07:42
(Laughter笑聲)
153
444000
2000
(笑聲)
07:44
And this is ... a division of the Library圖書館 of Congress國會
154
446000
2000
國會圖書館的其中一館
07:46
produces產生 a free自由 national國民 library圖書館 service服務
155
448000
4000
為盲人、視力守損的人
07:50
for the blind and visually視覺 impaired受損,
156
452000
2000
提供的免費圖書服務
07:52
and the publications出版物 they choose選擇 to publish發布
157
454000
2000
他們是依照讀者歡迎度
07:54
are based基於 on reader讀者 popularity聲望.
158
456000
3000
來出版點字書的
07:57
And Playboy花花公子 is always in the top最佳 few少數.
159
459000
2000
而花花公子總在前幾名
07:59
(Laughter笑聲)
160
461000
2000
(笑聲)
08:01
But you'd be surprised詫異, they don't do the photographs照片. It's just the text文本.
161
463000
4000
感到意外的是,裡面並沒有圖片,只有文字
08:05
(Laughter笑聲)
162
467000
1000
(笑聲)
08:06
This is an avian禽流感 quarantine隔離 facility設施
163
468000
2000
這是家禽檢疫所
08:08
where all imported進口 birds鳥類 coming未來 into America美國
164
470000
2000
所有進口美國的鳥類
08:10
are required需要 to undergo經歷 a 30-day-天 quarantine隔離,
165
472000
3000
都需要30天的隔離
08:13
where they are tested測試 for diseases疾病
166
475000
2000
並檢疫
08:15
including包含 Exotic異國情調 Newcastle新城堡 Disease疾病
167
477000
2000
包含新城病(急性家禽疾病)
08:17
and Avian禽流感 Influenza流感.
168
479000
4000
和禽流感
08:21
This film電影 shows節目
169
483000
4000
這段影片是
08:25
the testing測試 of a new explosive爆炸物 fill on a warhead彈頭.
170
487000
4000
彈頭的爆炸測試
08:29
And the Air空氣 Armament武器 Center中央
171
491000
2000
位於佛州埃格林空軍基地
08:31
at Eglin埃格林 Air空氣 Force Base基礎 in Florida佛羅里達
172
493000
2000
的航空武器中心
08:33
is responsible主管 for the deployment部署 and testing測試
173
495000
2000
他們負責部署、測試
08:35
of all air-delivered空投 weaponry武器
174
497000
3000
所有美國的空投武器
08:38
coming未來 from the United聯合的 States狀態.
175
500000
4000
所有美國的空投武器
08:42
And the film電影 was shot射擊 on 72 millimeter毫米, government-issue政府問題 film電影.
176
504000
4000
這影片是用政府規定的72釐米鏡頭拍攝的
08:46
And that red dot is a marking印記 on the government-issue政府問題 film電影.
177
508000
4000
那紅點是官方影片的標誌
08:50
All living活的 white白色 tigers老虎 in North America美國
178
512000
3000
北美現在的白老虎
08:53
are the result結果 of selective可選擇的 inbreeding近親交配 --
179
515000
2000
都是選擇性近親交配的結果
08:55
that would be mother母親 to son兒子,
180
517000
2000
可能是母子交配、
08:57
father父親 to daughter女兒, sister妹妹 to brother哥哥 --
181
519000
2000
父女交配、兄弟姐妹交配
08:59
to allow允許 for the genetic遺傳 conditions條件
182
521000
3000
只為了讓生下來的
09:02
that create創建 a salable出售 white白色 tiger.
183
524000
2000
白老虎有賣相
09:04
Meaning含義 white白色 fur毛皮, ice blue藍色 eyes眼睛, a pink nose鼻子.
184
526000
4000
像是白色的毛、冰藍眼睛、粉紅鼻子
09:08
And the majority多數 of these white白色 tigers老虎
185
530000
3000
大部分的白老虎
09:11
are not born天生 in a salable出售 state
186
533000
2000
如果出生後不能拿來賣
09:13
and are killed殺害 at birth分娩.
187
535000
2000
就會被當場殺死
09:15
It's a very violent暴力 process處理 that is little known已知.
188
537000
3000
這是鮮少人知道的殘忍過程
09:18
And the white白色 tiger is obviously明顯 celebrated著名 in several一些 forms形式 of entertainment娛樂.
189
540000
5000
白老虎常被拿來做娛樂用途
09:23
Kenny肯尼 was born天生. He actually其實 made製作 it to adulthood成年.
190
545000
3000
Kenny出生後幸運活到成年
09:26
He has since以來 passed通過 away,
191
548000
2000
現在已經去世了
09:28
but was mentally精神上 retarded智障
192
550000
2000
他有心智障礙
09:30
and suffers患有 from severe嚴重 bone abnormalities異常.
193
552000
4000
以及嚴重骨骼異常
09:34
This, on a lighter打火機 note注意, is at
194
556000
2000
介紹輕鬆一點的
09:36
George喬治 Lucas'盧卡斯 personal個人 archive檔案.
195
558000
3000
這是喬治·盧卡斯的私人收藏
09:39
This is the Death死亡 Star.
196
561000
2000
這是死星
09:41
And it's shown顯示 here in its true真正 orientation方向.
197
563000
3000
這是它真實的方向
09:44
In the context上下文 of "Star Wars戰爭: Return返回 of the Jedi絕地,"
198
566000
2000
在星際大戰:絕地大反攻裡
09:46
its mirror鏡子 image圖片 is presented呈現.
199
568000
2000
其實是它的鏡像
09:48
They flip翻動 the negative.
200
570000
2000
他們將它水平翻轉
09:50
And you can see the photoetched光刻 brass黃銅 detailing詳細,
201
572000
3000
各位可以看到黃銅模型蝕刻的細節
09:53
and the painted acrylic丙烯酸樹脂 facade正面.
202
575000
2000
和壓克力外觀
09:55
In the context上下文 of the film電影,
203
577000
2000
在電影中
09:57
this is a deep-space深空 battle戰鬥 station of the Galactic Empire帝國,
204
579000
3000
它是銀河帝國製造的終極武器
10:00
capable of annihilating殲敵 planets行星 and civilizations文明,
205
582000
4000
可以消滅整個星球
10:04
and in reality現實 it measures措施 about four feet by two feet.
206
586000
3000
但事實上它只有4乘2英尺大
10:07
(Laughter笑聲)
207
589000
4000
(笑聲)
10:11
This is at Fort Campbell坎貝爾 in Kentucky肯塔基.
208
593000
3000
這是肯塔基州的坎貝爾堡
10:14
It's a Military軍事 Operations操作 on Urbanized城市化 Terrain地形 site現場.
209
596000
3000
城市巷戰訓練基地
10:17
Essentially實質上 they've他們已經 simulated模擬 a city
210
599000
3000
他們模擬出一個城市
10:20
for urban城市的 combat戰鬥,
211
602000
2000
作為城市戰訓練
10:22
and this is one of the structures結構 that exists存在 in that city.
212
604000
2000
這是該城其中一個建築
10:24
It's called the World世界 Church教會 of God.
213
606000
3000
叫作「上帝的世界教堂」
10:27
It's supposed應該 to be a generic通用 site現場 of worship崇拜.
214
609000
3000
本來只是一個普通的禮拜堂
10:30
And after I took this photograph照片,
215
612000
3000
我拍完這照片後
10:33
they constructed a wall around the World世界 Church教會 of God
216
615000
2000
他們在世界教堂四周建起牆
10:35
to mimic模仿者 the set-up建立 of mosques清真寺 in Afghanistan阿富汗 or Iraq伊拉克.
217
617000
5000
來模仿在阿富汗、伊拉克的清真寺
10:40
And I worked工作 with Mehta梅塔 Vihar豪爾
218
622000
2000
我與Mehta Vihar合作
10:42
who creates創建 virtual虛擬 simulations模擬 for the army軍隊
219
624000
3000
他專門負責軍隊實戰練習的
10:45
for tactical戰術 practice實踐.
220
627000
2000
視覺模擬
10:47
And we put that wall around the World世界 Church教會 of God,
221
629000
2000
我們在世界教堂四周築牆
10:49
and also used the characters人物 and vehicles汽車 and explosions爆炸
222
631000
4000
並加入人物、交通工具、爆炸效果
10:53
that are offered提供 in the video視頻 games遊戲 for the army軍隊.
223
635000
3000
便成軍人的電玩遊戲
10:56
And I put them into my photograph照片.
224
638000
4000
我將他們一同收進照片中
11:00
This is live生活 HIVHIV virus病毒
225
642000
2000
這是活的愛滋病毒
11:02
at Harvard哈佛 Medical School學校, who is working加工 with the U.S. Government政府
226
644000
2000
哈佛醫學院與美國政府的研究
11:04
to develop發展 sterilizing消毒 immunity免疫.
227
646000
4000
研發消除性免疫療法
11:08
And AlhurraAlhurra is a U.S. Government-政府- sponsored贊助
228
650000
3000
自由之聲是美國政府贊助的
11:11
Arabic阿拉伯 language語言 television電視 network網絡
229
653000
3000
阿拉伯語電視台
11:14
that distributes分配 news新聞 and information信息 to over 22 countries國家 in the Arab阿拉伯 world世界.
230
656000
5000
在超過22個阿拉伯國家播出新聞資訊
11:19
It runs運行 24 hours小時 a day, commercial廣告 free自由.
231
661000
3000
一天24小時,沒有廣告
11:22
However然而, it's illegal非法 to broadcast廣播 AlhurraAlhurra within the United聯合的 States狀態.
232
664000
5000
但自由之聲的播出在美國是非法的
11:27
And in 2004, they developed發達 a channel渠道 called AlhurraAlhurra Iraq伊拉克,
233
669000
3000
但在2004年他們開發了自由之聲伊拉克頻道
11:30
which哪一個 specifically特別 deals交易 with events事件 occurring發生 in Iraq伊拉克
234
672000
3000
專門報導在伊拉克發生的事件
11:33
and is broadcast廣播 to Iraq伊拉克.
235
675000
3000
並只在伊拉克播出
11:36
Now I'm going to move移動 on to another另一個 project項目 I did.
236
678000
2000
接下來我要談的是我的另一個專案
11:38
It's titled標題 "The Innocents無辜."
237
680000
3000
「無罪者」
11:41
And for the men男人 in these photographs照片,
238
683000
2000
對這些照片中的男子來說
11:43
photography攝影 had been used to create創建 a fantasy幻想.
239
685000
3000
攝影已經成為想像的產物
11:46
Contradicting自相矛盾 its function功能 as evidence證據 of a truth真相,
240
688000
3000
與它原本提供證據的功能牴觸
11:49
in these instances實例 it furthered進一步推動 the fabrication製造 of a lie謊言.
241
691000
4000
並進而成為捏造謊言的工具
11:53
I traveled旅行 across橫過 the United聯合的 States狀態
242
695000
2000
我走遍美國
11:55
photographing拍攝 men男人 and women婦女 who had been wrongfully非法 convicted被定罪
243
697000
3000
拍攝因為被誤判的無辜者
11:58
of crimes犯罪 they did not commit承諾, violent暴力 crimes犯罪.
244
700000
4000
他們為自己從未犯過暴力罪行受罪
12:02
I investigate調查 photography's攝影的 ability能力 to blur模糊 truth真相 and fiction小說,
245
704000
4000
我調查了攝影模糊是非的能力
12:06
and its influence影響 on memory記憶,
246
708000
2000
和它對於記憶的影響
12:08
which哪一個 can lead to severe嚴重, even lethal致命 consequences後果.
247
710000
4000
結果是嚴重、甚至可致命的
12:12
For the men男人 in these photographs照片,
248
714000
2000
照片中這些男人
12:14
the primary cause原因 of their wrongful非法的 conviction定罪
249
716000
2000
被誤判最主要原因是
12:16
was mistaken錯誤 identification鑑定.
250
718000
3000
身分誤認
12:19
A victim受害者 or eyewitness目擊者 identifies識別
251
721000
2000
受害人、目擊證人
12:21
a suspected嫌疑 perpetrator肇事者
252
723000
2000
指認出犯罪嫌疑人
12:23
through通過 law enforcement's執法的 use of images圖片.
253
725000
3000
執法機關利用影像協助
12:26
But through通過 exposure曝光 to composite綜合 sketches素描,
254
728000
2000
但透過合成的草圖、
12:28
Polaroids寶麗來, mug shots鏡頭 and line-ups陣容,
255
730000
3000
拍立得、罪犯檔案的照片、列隊認人,
12:31
eyewitness目擊者 testimony見證 can change更改.
256
733000
2000
目擊證人的證詞是可以改變的
12:33
I'll give you an example from a case案件.
257
735000
3000
我舉個例子
12:36
A woman女人 was raped強姦 and presented呈現 with a series系列 of photographs照片
258
738000
3000
一個被強暴的女人,看到一系列指認照片
12:39
from which哪一個 to identify鑑定 her attacker攻擊者.
259
741000
2000
來辨認攻擊她的人
12:41
She saw some similarities相似之處 in one of the photographs照片,
260
743000
4000
她看到其中一張照片疑似她的攻擊者
12:45
but couldn't不能 quite相當 make a positive identification鑑定.
261
747000
2000
但無法確定
12:47
Days later後來, she is presented呈現 with another另一個 photo照片 array排列
262
749000
4000
幾天後她又面對一系列新的
12:51
of all new photographs照片,
263
753000
2000
指認照片
12:53
except that one photograph照片 that she had some draw to
264
755000
3000
但她之前有印象的那照片
12:56
from the earlier array排列 is repeated重複 in the second第二 array排列.
265
758000
3000
被重複放到第二系列
12:59
And a positive identification鑑定 is made製作
266
761000
3000
第二次她就可以正確指認
13:02
because the photograph照片 replaced更換 the memory記憶,
267
764000
2000
因為照片已經取代原本的記憶
13:04
if there ever was an actual實際 memory記憶.
268
766000
4000
又或許本來是沒有記憶的
13:08
Photography攝影 offered提供 the criminal刑事 justice正義 system系統
269
770000
3000
照片變成了刑事司法體系
13:11
a tool工具 that transformed改造 innocent無辜 citizens公民 into criminals罪犯,
270
773000
3000
一種讓無辜者變成罪犯的工具
13:14
and the criminal刑事 justice正義 system系統 failed失敗 to recognize認識 the limitations限制
271
776000
4000
而刑事司法體系,無法意識到用相片來指認嫌犯
13:18
of relying依托 on photographic攝影 identifications標識.
272
780000
4000
所帶來局限性
13:22
Frederick弗雷德里克 Daye大冶, who is photographed拍照 at his alibi託辭 location位置,
273
784000
4000
這是Fredrick Day在他的不在場證明現場
13:26
where 13 witnesses目擊者 placed放置 him at the time of the crime犯罪.
274
788000
3000
有13個人證明案發當時他在這裡
13:29
He was convicted被定罪 by an all-white全白 jury陪審團
275
791000
3000
他被全為白人的陪審團判有罪
13:32
of rape強姦, kidnapping綁架 and vehicle車輛 theft盜竊.
276
794000
2000
罪行有強暴、綁架、偷車
13:34
And he served提供服務 10 years年份 of a life sentence句子.
277
796000
4000
無期徒刑中他服了10年
13:38
Now DNA脫氧核糖核酸 exonerated免除 Frederick弗雷德里克
278
800000
2000
後來DNA證據宣佈Fredrick無罪
13:40
and it also implicated牽連 another另一個 man
279
802000
2000
此證據還暗示另一個
13:42
who was serving服務 time in prison監獄.
280
804000
2000
在監獄服刑的嫌犯
13:44
But the victim受害者 refused拒絕 to press charges收費
281
806000
2000
受害者後來拒絕提出告訴
13:46
because she claimed聲稱 that law enforcement強制
282
808000
2000
因為她認為執法機關
13:48
had permanently永久 altered改變 her memory記憶 through通過 the use of Frederick's弗雷德里克的 photograph照片.
283
810000
5000
利用Fredrick的照片,已經永久的改變了她的記憶
13:53
Charles查爾斯 Fain欣然 was convicted被定罪 of kidnapping綁架, rape強姦 and murder謀殺
284
815000
4000
Charles Faine因綁架、強姦、謀殺
13:57
of a young年輕 girl女孩 walking步行 to school學校.
285
819000
2000
一名上學途中的女學生
13:59
He served提供服務 18 years年份 of a death死亡 sentence句子.
286
821000
3000
被判死刑,坐了18年牢
14:02
I photographed拍照 him at the scene現場 of the crime犯罪
287
824000
2000
這是我後來拍攝他在愛達荷州的
14:04
at the Snake River in Idaho愛達荷州.
288
826000
2000
蛇河(犯罪現場)的照片
14:06
And I photographed拍照 all of the wrongfully非法 convicted被定罪
289
828000
4000
我拍攝這些被誤判的人
14:10
at sites網站 that came來了 to particular特定 significance意義
290
832000
5000
重回到那改變他們一生
14:15
in the history歷史 of their wrongful非法的 conviction定罪.
291
837000
2000
非常重要的地點
14:17
The scene現場 of arrest逮捕, the scene現場 of misidentification誤認,
292
839000
2000
像是逮捕地點、錯認地點
14:19
the alibi託辭 location位置.
293
841000
2000
不在場證明地點
14:21
And here, the scene現場 of the crime犯罪, it's this place地點
294
843000
2000
而這張照片,就在這個犯罪現場
14:23
to which哪一個 he's never been, but changed his life forever永遠.
295
845000
4000
他從沒有到過這裡,但卻改變了他的一生
14:27
So photographing拍攝 there, I was hoping希望 to highlight突出
296
849000
2000
我希望利用這張照片,強調
14:29
the tenuous纖細 relationship關係 between之間 truth真相 and fiction小說,
297
851000
3000
他的人生和攝影這種
14:32
in both his life and in photography攝影.
298
854000
5000
事實-虛幻的脆弱關係
14:37
Calvin卡爾文 Washington華盛頓 was convicted被定罪 of capital首都 murder謀殺.
299
859000
3000
Calvin Washington被判蓄意謀殺
14:40
He served提供服務 13 years年份 of a life sentence句子 in Waco韋科, Texas德州.
300
862000
5000
他在德州的韋科坐了無期徒刑中的13年牢
14:45
Larry拉里 Mayes梅斯, I photographed拍照 at the scene現場 of arrest逮捕,
301
867000
3000
這是Larry Mays在他的逮捕地點
14:48
where he hid between之間 two mattresses床墊 in Gary加里, Indiana印地安那,
302
870000
2000
他當時躲在兩張床墊中間 (印第安納州 蓋瑞)
14:50
in this very room房間 to hide隱藏 from the police警察.
303
872000
4000
這是同一個房間
14:54
He ended結束 up serving服務 18 and a half years年份
304
876000
2000
他因為強姦、搶劫被判80年刑
14:56
of an 80 year sentence句子 for rape強姦 and robbery搶劫.
305
878000
3000
最後坐了18.5年牢
14:59
The victim受害者 failed失敗 to identify鑑定 Larry拉里
306
881000
2000
受害人在兩次的列隊認人
15:01
in two live生活 lineups陣容
307
883000
2000
都沒指認Larry
15:03
and then made製作 a positive identification鑑定, days later後來,
308
885000
3000
後來是幾天後的指認照片裡
15:06
from a photo照片 array排列.
309
888000
3000
指認出他
15:09
Larry拉里 Youngblood熱血青年 served提供服務 eight years年份 of a 10 and half year sentence句子
310
891000
3000
Larry Youngblood被判10.5年,在亞利桑那坐了8年牢
15:12
in Arizona亞利桑那 for the abduction綁架 and repeated重複 sodomizing雞姦
311
894000
4000
罪行是在嘉年華裡綁架、雞姦
15:16
of a 10 year old boy男孩 at a carnival狂歡.
312
898000
3000
一名10歲男童
15:19
He is photographed拍照 at his alibi託辭 location位置.
313
901000
4000
這是他的不在場證明地點
15:23
Ron羅恩 Williamson威廉姆森. Ron羅恩 was convicted被定罪 of the rape強姦 and murder謀殺
314
905000
4000
Ron Williamson因姦殺一名酒吧女服務生
15:27
of a barmaid招待員 at a club俱樂部,
315
909000
2000
被判死刑
15:29
and served提供服務 11 years年份 of a death死亡 sentence句子.
316
911000
3000
後來蹲了11年牢
15:32
I photographed拍照 Ron羅恩 at a baseball棒球 field領域
317
914000
2000
我拍攝Ron在棒球場的照片
15:34
because he had been drafted起草 to the Oakland奧克蘭 A's
318
916000
2000
因為他在判刑前,
15:36
to play professional專業的 baseball棒球 just before his conviction定罪.
319
918000
4000
才剛被選入奧克蘭運動家隊,準備開始職棒生涯
15:40
And the state's狀態 key witness見證 in Ron's羅恩的 case案件
320
922000
3000
而當時的污點證人
15:43
was, in the end結束, the actual實際 perpetrator肇事者.
321
925000
5000
才是真正的凶手
15:48
Ronald羅納德 Jones瓊斯 served提供服務 eight years年份 of a death死亡 sentence句子
322
930000
4000
Ronald Jones因姦殺一名28歲婦女
15:52
for rape強姦 and murder謀殺 of a 28-year-old-歲 woman女人.
323
934000
2000
被判死刑,坐了8年牢
15:54
I photographed拍照 him at the scene現場 of arrest逮捕 in Chicago芝加哥.
324
936000
5000
這是他在芝加哥的逮捕地點
15:59
William威廉 Gregory格雷戈里 was convicted被定罪 of rape強姦 and burglary竊案.
325
941000
4000
William Gregory因強暴、盜竊罪
16:03
He served提供服務 seven years年份 of a 70 year sentence句子 in Kentucky肯塔基.
326
945000
5000
被判70年徒刑,蹲了7年牢 (肯塔基州)
16:08
Timothy蒂莫西 Durham達勒姆, who I photographed拍照 at his alibi託辭 location位置
327
950000
3000
這是Timothy Durham在他的不在場證明地點
16:11
where 11 witnesses目擊者 placed放置 him at the time of the crime犯罪,
328
953000
3000
有11個人證明案發當時他在這裡
16:14
was convicted被定罪 of 3.5 years年份
329
956000
2000
被判3220年徒刑
16:16
of a 3220 year sentence句子,
330
958000
5000
坐了3.5年牢
16:21
for several一些 charges收費 of rape強姦 and robbery搶劫.
331
963000
2000
罪行是強暴與搶劫
16:23
He had been misidentified by an 11-year-old-歲 victim受害者.
332
965000
5000
因為該案的11歲受害者認錯人
16:28
Troy特洛伊 Webb韋伯 is photographed拍照 here at the scene現場 of the crime犯罪 in Virginia弗吉尼亞州.
333
970000
4000
這是Troy Webb在維吉尼亞州犯罪現場的照片
16:32
He was convicted被定罪 of rape強姦, kidnapping綁架 and robbery搶劫,
334
974000
3000
他因強暴、綁架、搶劫
16:35
and served提供服務 seven years年份 of a 47 year sentence句子.
335
977000
4000
被判47徒刑,坐了7年牢
16:39
Troy's特洛伊的 picture圖片 was in a photo照片 array排列
336
981000
2000
Troy的照片是指認照片裡其中一張
16:41
that the victim受害者 tentatively姑且 had some draw toward,
337
983000
2000
但受害人看著照片,並不確定
16:43
but said he looked看著 too old.
338
985000
3000
覺得他看起來太老
16:46
The police警察 went and found發現 a photograph照片 of Troy特洛伊 Webb韋伯
339
988000
3000
後來警方找出Troy Webb
16:49
from four years年份 earlier,
340
991000
2000
四年前的照片
16:51
which哪一個 they entered進入 into a photo照片 array排列 days later後來,
341
993000
3000
又放進指認照片裡
16:54
and he was positively積極 identified確定.
342
996000
4000
他因此被指認出來
16:58
Now I'm going to leave離開 you with a self portrait肖像.
343
1000000
4000
最後給各位看這張自畫像
17:02
And it reiterates重申 that distortion失真 is a constant不變,
344
1004000
4000
它說明了相片的扭曲是經常發生的
17:06
and our eyes眼睛 are easily容易 deceived被騙.
345
1008000
3000
而我們的雙眼可以輕易蒙蔽
17:19
That's it. Thank you.
346
1021000
2000
謝謝大家
17:21
(Applause掌聲)
347
1023000
8000
(掌聲)
Translated by Adrienne Lin
Reviewed by Zhu Jie

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Taryn Simon - Artist
With a large-format camera and a knack for talking her way into forbidden zones, Taryn Simon photographs portions of the American infrastructure inaccessible to its inhabitants.

Why you should listen

Taryn Simon is a multidisciplinary artist working in photography, text, sculpture and performance. Guided by an interest in systems of categorization and classification, her practice involves extensive research into the power and structure of secrecy and the precarious nature of survival. Her works have been the subject of exhibitions at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Copenhagen (2016-17); The Albertinum, Dresden (2016); Galerie Rudolfinum, Prague (2016); Garage Museum of Contemporary Art, Moscow (2016); Jeu de Paume, Paris (2015); Ullens Center for Contemporary Art, Beijing (2013); Museum of Modern Art, New York (2012); Tate Modern, London (2011); Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin (2011); and Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (2007). 

In An American Index of the Hidden and Unfamiliar, Simon compiles an inventory of what lies hidden and out-of-view within the borders of the United States. She examines a culture through documentation of subjects from domains including: science, government, medicine, entertainment, nature, security and religion. Confronting the divide between those with and without the privilege of access, her collection reflects and reveals that which is integral to America’s foundation, mythology and daily functioning. 

A Living Man Declared Dead and Other Chapters I-XVIII was produced over a four-year period (2008–11) during which Simon traveled around the world researching and recording bloodlines and their related stories. In each of the eighteen "chapters" comprising the work, the external forces of territory, power, circumstance or religion collide with the internal forces of psychological and physical inheritance. The subjects documented by Simon include victims of genocide in Bosnia, test rabbits infected with a lethal disease in Australia, the first woman to hijack an aircraft, and the living dead in India. Her collection is at once cohesive and arbitrary, mapping the relationships among chance, blood and other components of fate.

Permanent collections include Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Tate Modern, London; the Guggenheim Museum, New York; Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris; and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles. Her work was included in the 56th Venice Biennale (2015). Simon's installation, An Occupation of Loss (2016), co-commissioned by the Park Avenue Armory and Artangel, premiered in New York in 2016. The performance will be held again in London in 2018. Simon is a graduate of Brown University and a Guggenheim Fellow. She lives and works in New York.

More profile about the speaker
Taryn Simon | Speaker | TED.com