TEDxUSC
David Logan: Tribal leadership
戴夫．羅根 談 部落領導
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在 TEDxUSC, 商學教授 戴夫．羅根 談到五種人類自然形成的部落 -- 學校, 工作場合, 甚至核發駕照的監理所. 從了解我們分享的部落習性, 我們可以相互的領導讓彼此都成為更好的個人.
David Logan - Professor of management
David Logan is a USC faculty member, best-selling author, and management consultant. Full bio
David Logan is a USC faculty member, best-selling author, and management consultant. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What we're really here to talk about is the "how."
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我們在此真正要談的是"如何."
00:15
Okay, so how exactly do we create this
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好的, 我們究竟如何創造出這
00:18
world-shattering, if you will, innovation?
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震憾世界的
00:21
Now, I want to tell you a quick story.
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創新呢? 我想先來說個小故事.
00:23
We'll go back a little more than a year.
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我們回到一年多以前.
00:25
In fact, the date -- I'm curious to know
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事實上 這日期 -- 我很好奇想知道
00:27
if any of you know what happened on this momentous date?
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你們有沒有人記得這個重大日期發生了什麼事?
00:30
It was February 3rd, 2008.
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這天是２月３號 2008年
00:33
Anyone remember what happened,
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有人記得發生了什麼事,
00:35
February 3rd, 2008?
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２月３號 2008那年?
00:38
Super Bowl. I heard it over here. It was the date of the Super Bowl.
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美國超級盃. 我有聽到. 對是超級盃的日子.
00:41
And the reason that this date was so momentous
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這個日子之所以重大
00:44
is that what my colleagues, John King
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是因為我的同事 約翰．金恩
00:46
and Halee Fischer-Wright, and I noticed
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海莉．費雪萊特 跟我注意到
00:49
as we began to debrief various Super Bowl parties,
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當我們開始問起幾個不同超級盃聚會的事,
00:52
is that it seemed to us
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好像是
00:54
that across the United States,
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橫跨整個美國,
00:56
if you will, tribal councils had convened.
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你想, 所有部落的首領都已經聚集.
00:59
And they had discussed things of great national importance.
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他們討論了舉國關注的事情.
01:03
Like, "Do we like the Budweiser commercial?"
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像是 "我們喜歡百威啤酒的廣告嗎?"
01:06
and, "Do we like the nachos?" and, "Who is going to win?"
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還有 "墨西哥玉米片好吃嗎?" 跟 "那隊會贏?"
01:09
But they also talked about which candidate they were going to support.
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他們還談到即將要支持那個總統人選.
01:13
And if you go back in time to February 3rd,
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如果你回到２月３號那個時間點,
01:16
it looked like Hilary Clinton was going to get the Democratic nomination.
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看起來好像希拉蕊將要得到民主黨的提名.
01:20
And there were even some polls that were saying she was going to go all the way.
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而且有些民調顯示她將會得到角逐的機會.
01:23
But when we talked to people,
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但是當我們跟人談到這事,
01:25
it appeared that a funnel effect had happened
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好像逆轉效應已經發生
01:27
in these tribes all across the United States.
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而且遍及到全美各地的所有部落.
01:30
Now what is a tribe? A tribe is a group of
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那什麼是部落呢? 部落是一群
01:32
about 20 -- so kind of more than a team --
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大約20人 -- 像是比團隊還大一點 --
01:35
20 to about 150 people.
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20 到 150 人不等.
01:38
And it's within these tribes that all of our work gets done.
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我們所有的工作都在這些部落裡面完成.
01:41
But not just work. It's within these tribes
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但不只是工作. 在這些部落裡面
01:43
that societies get built,
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社群得以創建,
01:45
that important things happen.
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重要的事情才能發生.
01:47
And so as we surveyed the, if you will, representatives
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當我們去調查, 這些代表
01:50
from various tribal councils that met,
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不同部落來參與聚會的人,
01:52
also known as Super Bowl parties,
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這些所謂的超級盃聚會,
01:54
we sent the following email off to 40 newspaper editors the following day.
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隔天我們送電子郵件出去給40位報紙的編輯.
01:57
February 4th, we posted it on our website. This was before Super Tuesday.
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二月４號, 我們公佈在網站上. 在超級星期二之前.
02:01
We said, "The tribes that we're in
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我們己經說, "我們所在的這些部落裡
02:03
are saying it's going to be Obama."
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正在傳說將會是歐巴馬."
02:05
Now, the reason we knew that
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我們之所以知道這個
02:07
was because we spent the previous 10 years
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是因為我們已經花了10年
02:10
studying tribes, studying these naturally occurring groups.
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研究部落, 研究這些自然發生的團體們.
02:14
All of you are members of tribes.
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你們現場所有人都是部落的成員.
02:16
In walking around at the break,
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中場休息時你們會到處走動
02:19
many of you had met members of your tribe. And you were talking to them.
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你們已經見過部落裡的其他成員. 你們會彼此交談.
02:22
And many of you were doing what great, if you will, tribal leaders do,
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你們做的事是優秀的部落領導者也會做的,
02:26
which is to find someone
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那就是找到某人
02:28
who is a member of a tribe,
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某個部落的成員,
02:30
and to find someone else who is another member of a different tribe,
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然後找到另一個不同部落的成員,
02:33
and make introductions.
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彼此做介紹.
02:35
That is in fact what great tribal leaders do.
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這就是一個優秀部落領導者會做的事.
02:38
So here is the bottom line.
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所以主要重點是.
02:40
If you focus in on a group like this --
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假如你把聚焦在像這樣的一個團體 --
02:43
this happens to be a USC game --
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這是一場終極格鬥錦標賽的場地 --
02:45
and you zoom in with one of those super satellite cameras
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你從超級的人造衛星攝影機上把鏡頭拉近,
02:48
and do magnification factors so you could see individual people,
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放大到你可以看到個人的影像,
02:52
you would in fact see not a single crowd,
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事實上你看不到個別的群眾,
02:54
just like there is not a single crowd here,
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就好像沒有個別群眾在這裡,
02:56
but you would see these tribes that are then coming together.
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你會看到部落聚集在一起.
02:59
And from a distance it appears that it's a single group.
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從遠處看起來會像是單一團體.
03:03
And so people form tribes.
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所以人們形成部落.
03:05
They always have. They always will.
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過去如此. 未來也將是如此.
03:08
Just as fish swim and birds fly,
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就像是魚會游泳, 鳥會飛翔,
03:10
people form tribes. It's just what we do.
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人形成部落. 這是我們習以為常的.
03:12
But here's the rub.
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不過這只是表層.
03:14
Not all tribes are the same,
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並不是所有部落都一樣.
03:16
and what makes the difference is the culture.
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其中的差異就在文化.
03:18
Now here is the net out of this.
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這就是根本的所在.
03:20
You're all a member of tribes.
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你們所有人都是部落的成員.
03:22
If you can find a way to take the tribes that you're in
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假使你可以找到一個辦法把你所在的部落
03:25
and nudge them forward,
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推動向前,
03:27
along these tribal stages
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通過這些部落階段
03:29
to what we call Stage Five, which is the top of the mountain.
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到我們稱為「階段五」就是山頂.
03:32
But we're going to start with what we call Stage One.
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但是我們先從「階段一」開始.
03:35
Now, this is the lowest of the stages.
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這是最底層的階段.
03:37
You don't want this. Okay?
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幫個忙, 你不會想要這個.
03:39
This is a bit of a difficult image to put up on the screen.
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這畫面要放出來有點困難.
03:42
But it's one that I think we need to learn from.
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但是我想我們需要從這裡學習.
03:44
Stage One produces people
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「階段一」製造出
03:46
who do horrible things.
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作可怕事情的人.
03:48
This is the kid who shot up Virginia Tech.
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這是在維吉尼亞理工持槍殺人的那小孩.
03:50
Stage One is a group where people
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「階段一」是一群人
03:52
systematically sever relationships from functional tribes,
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形成的部落只為滿足基本生存功能,
03:55
and then pool together
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而聚集在一起的人
03:57
with people who think like they do.
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都是跟他們有同樣想法的.
03:59
Stage One is literally the culture of gangs
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照字意說「階段一」就是幫派的文化
04:02
and it is the culture of prisons.
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是囚犯的文化.
04:04
Now, again, we don't often deal with Stage One.
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還好現在我們不會常遇到「階段一」.
04:06
And I want to make the point
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不過我要強調一個重點
04:08
that as members of society, we need to.
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身為社會群體的一員, 我們需要去.
04:10
It's not enough to simply write people off.
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不只是去消弭這些處於底層的人.
04:13
But let's move on to Stage Two.
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不過讓我們先來談「階段二」.
04:15
Now, Stage One, you'll notice, says, in effect, "Life Sucks."
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你會注意到「階段一」的人常說 "生活糟透了"
04:19
So, this other book that Steve mentioned,
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史提夫 提到的另一本書,
04:22
that just came out, called "The Three Laws of Performance,"
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才剛出版 叫 "績效三大定律"
04:24
my colleague, Steve Zaffron and I,
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我的同事 史提夫．塞隆 跟我,
04:27
argue that as people see the world, so they behave.
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思辯到: 人的行為取決於他怎麼看這世界.
04:31
Well, if people see the world in such a way that life sucks,
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如果有人看這個世界是爛透了的生活,
04:35
then their behavior will follow automatically from that.
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那他的行為就會自動的從那點出發.
04:38
It will be despairing hostility.
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那將會是絶望而忿恨的生活.
04:40
They'll do whatever it takes to survive,
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他們會為了生存什麼事都做得出來,
04:42
even if that means undermining other people.
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甚至不惜傷害別人.
04:45
Now, my birthday is coming up shortly,
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再過不久就是我的生日,
04:48
and my driver's license expires.
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那我的駕照也快到期了.
04:50
And the reason that that's relevant is that very soon
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這之所以有關連是因為很快的
04:52
I will be walking into what we call
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我就要走進到我們所謂的
04:54
a Stage Two tribe,
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「階段二」部落.
04:56
which looks like this.
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看起來像這個樣子.
04:58
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:59
Now, am I saying that in every Department of Motor Vehicles
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我現在指的是在各地的監理所
05:01
across the land, you find a Stage Two culture?
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你都可以找到「階段二」文化嗎?
05:04
No. But in the one near me,
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不是的. 只是這家離我比較近,
05:06
where I have to go in just a few days,
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再過幾天我就要去報到的,
05:08
what I will say when I'm standing in line is,
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在大排長龍等待的時候我想說,
05:10
"How can people be so dumb, and yet live?"
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"像這樣笨的人們怎麼有辦法還活著?"
05:13
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:16
Now, am I saying that there are dumb people working here?
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我是說在那裡工作的人是笨蛋嗎?
05:19
Actually, no, I'm not.
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實際上, 我不是那個意思.
05:21
But I'm saying the culture makes people dumb.
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我是指文化讓人變笨了.
05:25
So in a Stage Two culture --
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所以在「階段二」文化 --
05:27
and we find these in all sorts of different places --
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我們可以在很多不同的地方發現 --
05:29
you find them, in fact, in the best organizations in the world.
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你甚至會在全世界最好的組織裡也找到.
05:32
You find them in all places in society.
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在社會的群體裡到處都可以找到.
05:34
I've come across them at the organizations
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以往我遍尋這些為人們所津津樂道
05:37
that everybody raves about as being best in class.
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的這些最好的組織.
05:39
But here is the point. If you believe and you say
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但這有個重點. 假使你相信而且你跟
05:41
to people in your tribe, in effect,
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你部落裡的人說,
05:43
"My life sucks.
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"我的生活糟透了.
05:45
I mean, if I got to go to TEDx USC
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我是說我一定要去參加 TEDx USC
05:47
my life wouldn't suck. But I don't. So it does."
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我的生活才不會太糟, 可是我沒去. 所以 XD"
05:49
If that's how you talked, imagine what kind of work would get done.
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如果那是你講話的方式, 可想你做事的結果如何.
05:53
What kind of innovation would get done?
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你能成就怎麼樣的創新呢?
05:55
The amount of world-changing behavior that would happen?
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多少改變世界的行為會發生呢?
05:58
In fact it would be basically nil.
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應該會是零分吧.
06:01
Now when we go on to Stage Three: this is the one
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讓我們進到「階段三」: 這個是
06:03
that hits closest to home for many of us.
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我們大多數人最接近的.
06:06
Because it is in Stage Three that many of us move.
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因為在「階段三」裡我們大多數人到達後.
06:09
And we park. And we stay.
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就停下來. 而且留住了.
06:11
Stage Three says, "I'm great. And you're not."
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「階段三」的口頭禪是 "我很優秀 你們不行."
06:16
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:17
I'm great and you're not.
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我很優秀 你們不行.
06:20
Now imagine having a whole room of people
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想像一下一整個房間的人
06:22
saying, in effect, "I'm great and you're not."
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一起說 "我很優秀 你們不行"
06:24
Or, "I'm going to find some way to compete with you
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或是 "我要想個辦法跟你競爭
06:27
and come out on top as a result of that."
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一定要分出高下才行."
06:29
A whole group of people communicating that way, talking that way.
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一整群的人用這種方式說話跟溝通.
06:33
I know this sounds like a joke. Three doctors walk into a bar.
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我知道這聽起來像個笑話. 三個醫生走進酒吧裡
06:36
But, in this case, three doctors walk into an elevator.
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不過這次三個醫生走進一部電梯裡.
06:38
I happened to be in the elevator collecting data for this book.
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我剛好在那部電梯裡蒐集這本書的資料.
06:41
And one doctor said to the others, "Did you see my article
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第一個醫生說, "你看過我那篇文章嗎?
06:43
in the New England Journal of Medicine?"
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登在新英格蘭醫學期刊上那篇?
06:45
And the other said, "No. That's great. Congratulations!"
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第二個醫生說 "沒看過, 不過那很棒, 恭喜!"
06:48
The next one got kind of a wry smile on his face and said,
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然後他臉上帶著詭異的笑容說,
06:51
"Well while you were, you know, doing your research," --
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"當你在做你的研究的時候,"
06:54
notice the condescending tone --
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注意到他不屑的聲調 --
06:56
"While you were off doing your research, I was off doing more surgeries
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"當你在做研究的時候, 我多做了手術
06:59
than anyone else in the department of surgery at this institution."
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數量超過我們部門其他所有的人."
07:02
And the third one got the same wry smile and said,
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然後第三個醫生也是皮笑肉不笑地說,
07:04
"Well, while you were off doing your research,
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"當你在做你的研究時,
07:07
and you were off doing your monkey meatball surgery,
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然後你在做你的猴子肉丸手術時,
07:09
that eventually we'll train monkeys to do,
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我們遲早會訓練猴子來做,
07:12
or cells or robots, or maybe not even need to do it at all,
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或手機或是機器人, 也許以後完全不用動手術,
07:15
I was off running the future of the residency program,
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我在執行未來的住宅計劃
07:17
which is really the future of medicine."
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那才是醫學的真正未來."
07:19
And they all kind of laughed and they patted him on the back.
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然後他們全笑著, 在他背後作出拜他的姿勢.
07:21
And the elevator door opened, and they all walked out.
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接著電梯門開了. 他們就鳥獸散了.
07:23
That is a meeting of a Stage Three tribe.
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這是「階段三」部落的會面方式.
07:25
Now, we find these in places
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這種對話到處都是
07:29
where really smart, successful people show up.
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參與其中的不乏聰明成功的人.
07:32
Like, oh, I don't know, TEDx USC.
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就像, 哦 我不曉得, TEDx USC.
07:36
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
07:37
Here is the greatest challenge we face in innovation.
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在創新上我們面臨的最大挑戰是.
07:40
It is moving from Stage Three
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是從「階段三」進到
07:42
to Stage Four.
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「階段四」.
07:44
Let's take a look at a quick video snippet.
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讓我們來看一下這段影片.
07:47
This is from a company called Zappos, located outside Las Vegas.
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這是一家叫做 Zappos 的公司, 位於拉斯維加斯外.
07:50
And my question on the other side is just going to be,
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我想問的問題是,
07:53
"What do you think they value?"
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"你認為他們所看重的價值是什麼?"
07:55
It was not Christmas time. There was a Christmas tree.
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這不是聖誕節的時候. 但是這裡有顆聖誕樹.
07:59
This is their lobby.
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這是他們的大廰.
08:07
Employees volunteer time in the advice booth.
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員工們自願花時間在建言櫃台.
08:09
Notice it looks like something out of a Peanuts cartoon.
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注意到這個看起來像是從史努比卡通出來的東西.
08:12
Okay, we're going through the hallway here at Zappos.
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我們從 Zappos 的走廊穿過去.
08:15
This is a call center. Notice how it's decorated.
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這是客服電話中心. 注意一下這些裝飾.
08:17
Notice people are applauding for us.
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注意到這些人向我們拍手歡呼.
08:20
They don't know who we are and they don't care. And if they did
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他們不認識我們而且也不在意. 如果他們認識我們
08:22
they probably wouldn't applaud.
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那他們可能就不會拍手了.
08:26
But you'll notice the level of excitement.
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但是你注意到興奮的程度.
08:28
Notice, again, how they decorate their office.
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再注意一下他們是如何裝飾辦公室的.
08:30
Now, what's important to people at Zappos,
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對 Zappos 裡的人來說最重要的是,
08:32
these may not be the things that are important to you.
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這些可能對你來說不重要.
08:34
But they value things like fun. And they value creativity.
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但是他們對"好玩"這件事很看重. 還有創新力.
08:37
One of their stated values is, "Be a little bit weird."
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他們的信條裡有一條是 "有一點點的詭異."
08:40
And you'll notice they are a little bit weird.
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你注意到他們真是有點詭異.
08:44
So when individuals come together
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所以當幾個人聚在一起
08:46
and find something that unites them
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找到可以結合他們的一些東西
08:48
that's greater than their individual competence,
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這比他們個別的能力還棒,
08:51
then something very important happens.
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然後非常重要的事發生了.
08:53
The group gels. And it changes
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這團體粘住. 然後改變了
08:56
from a group of highly motivated
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從一個具有高度動機
08:58
but fairly individually-centric people
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但還是以個人為中心的團體,
09:01
into something larger,
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變成比較大的東西,
09:03
into a tribe that becomes aware of its own existence.
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變成一個能覺察自身存在的部落.
09:06
Stage Four tribes can do remarkable things.
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「階段四」的部落能做出驚人之舉.
09:09
But you'll notice we're not at the top of the mountain yet.
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你有注意到那還沒到達山頂呢.
09:12
There is, in fact, another stage.
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事實上, 有這另一個階段.
09:14
Now, some of you may not recognize the scene that's up here.
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你們可能認不出來這張相片的拍攝地點.
09:17
And if you take a look at the headline of Stage Five, which is "Life is Great,"
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請看一下投影片上「階段五」的標題, "生命很讚,"
09:21
this may seem a little incongruous.
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這也許看起來有點不協調.
09:23
This is a scene or snippet
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這個地方
09:25
from the Truth and Reconciliation process in South Africa
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在南非 「真相與和解處理中心」
09:28
for which Desmond Tutu won the Nobel Prize.
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是 圖圖大主教 贏得諾貝爾奬的地方.
09:31
Now think about that. South Africa,
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現在請各位想一下, 南非,
09:33
terrible atrocities had happened in the society.
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社會到處充斥著可怕的暴力.
09:36
And people came together
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可是人們卻聚在一起
09:38
focused only on those two values: truth and reconciliation.
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只專注在兩個價值上: 真相與和解.
09:42
There was no road map. No one had ever done
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沒有預定的計劃. 沒人之前曾經
09:44
anything like this before.
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做過類似的事.
09:46
And in this atmosphere, where the only guidance
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在這個氛圍中唯一的指導方針
09:49
was people's values and their noble cause,
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是人們的價值觀, 與他們的崇高情操,
09:52
what this group accomplished was historic.
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這個團體所完成的事是有歷史意義的.
09:55
And people, at the time, feared that South Africa
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在那個時候人們很害怕南非
09:58
would end up going the way that Rwanda has gone,
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會步入盧安達的後塵.
10:00
descending into one skirmish after another
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在一場場的戰事中沉淪下去
10:03
in a civil war that seems to have no end.
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這內戰看樣子沒有終點.
10:05
In fact, South Africa has not gone down that road.
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事實上南非到後來沒有走入絶路.
10:08
Largely because people like Desmond Tutu
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主要是因為像 圖圖大主教 這樣的人
10:11
set up a Stage Five process
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設定了「階段五」的程序
10:14
to involve the thousands and perhaps millions
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讓幾千人到後來可能有上百萬的人來
10:16
of tribes in the country, to bring everyone together.
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參與國家裡的部落, 把每個人聚集起來.
10:19
So, people hear this and they conclude the following,
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當人們聽到這個他們會做以下結論,
10:22
as did we in doing the study.
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就像我們所做的研究結果.
10:24
Okay, got it. I don't want to talk Stage One.
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好, 了解. 我不想談「階段一」.
10:27
That's like, you know, "Life sucks." Who wants to talk that way?
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就好像 "生命糟透了" 誰要這樣講話啊?
10:29
I don't want to talk like they do
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在我家附近的監理所
10:31
at the particular DMV that's close to where Dave lives.
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我也不要講起話來像他們一樣.
10:33
I really don't want to just say "I'm great,"
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我真的不想要直說 "我很優秀."
10:35
because that kind of sounds narcissistic, and then I won't have any friends.
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因為那聽起來有點自私. 而且我會沒有朋友.
10:38
Saying, "We're great" -- that sounds pretty good.
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說 "我們很優秀" 這聽起來就很棒.
10:40
But I should really talk Stage Five, right? "Life is great."
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但我們應該要再談「階段五」才對吧? "生命很讚."
10:44
Well, in fact, there are three somewhat counter-intuitive findings
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事實上, 從所有的研究顯示出
10:48
that come out of all this.
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有三個似非而是的發現.
10:50
The first one, if you look at the Declaration of Independence
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第一, 如果你看一下美國的獨立宣言,
10:52
and actually read it,
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而且實際去讀,
10:54
the phrase that sticks in many of our minds
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那些深植我們多數人腦海的句子
10:56
is things about inalienable rights.
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都是關於"不可剥奪人權"的事情.
10:59
I mean, that's Stage Five, right? Life is great,
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這不就是「階段五」了嗎? 生命很讚,
11:01
oriented only by our values,
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只源自於我們自身的價值,
11:03
no other guidance.
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不是從當權者.
11:05
In fact, most of the document is written at Stage Two.
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事實上, 這個文件大部份成稿於「階段二」.
11:08
"My life sucks because I live under a tyrant,
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"我的生活糟透了, 因為活於暴君統治下,
11:11
also known as King George.
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那時的喬治國王.
11:13
We're great! Who is not great? England!"
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我們很優秀! 誰不行? 英國!"
11:15
Sorry. (Laughter)
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對不起. (笑聲)
11:19
Well, what about other great leaders? What about Gandhi?
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那其他優秀的領導者呢? 像甘地
11:21
What about Martin Luther King?
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像 馬丁．路德．金恩
11:23
I mean, surely these were just people who preached, "Life is great," right?
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這些人都鼓吹 "生命很讚" 對吧?
11:25
Just one little bit of happiness and joy after another.
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其中只有差一點點的幸福與愉悅.
11:29
In fact, Martin Luther King's most famous line was at Stage Three.
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事實上, 馬丁．路德．金恩 的名句是在「階段三」.
11:33
He didn't say "We have a dream." He said, "I have a dream."
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他沒說 "我們有一個夢想" 而是 "我有一個夢想"
11:36
Why did he do that? Because most people
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他當時為何如此呢? 因為大部份的人
11:38
are not at Stage Five.
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並不在「階段五」.
11:40
Two percent are at Stage One.
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百分之２的人在「階段一」.
11:42
About 25 percent are at Stage Two,
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大約百分之25的人在「階段二」,
11:46
saying, in effect, "My life sucks."
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被 "我的生活糟透了" 所影響.
11:49
48 percent of working tribes say, these are employed tribes,
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百分之48的人是受雇者部落, 他們說
11:54
say, "I'm great and you're not."
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"我很優秀, 你們不行."
11:56
And we have to duke it out every day, so we resort to politics.
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然後我們每天都把事情搞得泛政治化了.
11:59
Only about 22 percent of tribes
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只有約百分之22的部落
12:01
are at Stage Four,
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是在「階段四」,
12:03
oriented by our values, saying "We're great.
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源於自身的價值而說 "我們都很讚.
12:05
And our values are beginning to unite us."
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而且我們的價值開始把我們團結起來."
12:07
Only two percent, only two percent of tribes
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只有兩個百分比的部落
12:10
get to Stage Five.
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能到達「階段五」.
12:12
And those are the ones that change the world.
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這些是能改變世界的人.
12:14
So the first little finding from this
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這個研究從這第一個小發現起頭
12:16
is that leaders need to be able to talk all the levels
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領導者必需要能跟各階段的人對話
12:19
so that you can touch every person in society.
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所以你才能觸動到社會裡的每個人.
12:22
But you don't leave them where you found them. Okay?
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但是你不能只讓他們留在原地就好.
12:25
Tribes can only hear one level above and below where they are.
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部落只能聽得進去他們上或下一層的話.
12:29
So we have to have the ability to talk
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所以我們要能跟
12:31
all the levels, to go to where they are.
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不同階段的人對話, 然後到他們的地方.
12:33
And then leaders nudge people
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領導者會推動人們
12:35
within their tribes to the next level.
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進到他們的下個階段.
12:37
I'd like to show you some examples of this.
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我要讓大家看一下一些例子.
12:39
One of the people we interviewed was Frank Jordan,
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法蘭克．喬登 是我們訪談的人之一
12:42
former Mayor of San Francisco. Before that
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他是前舊金山市市長. 在那之前
12:44
he was Chief of Police in San Francisco.
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他是舊金山警察局局長.
12:46
And he grew up essentially in Stage One.
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他小時候從「階段一」的環境長大.
12:49
And you know what changed his life? It was walking into
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你知道什麼改變了他的生命嗎? 有一天他走進了
12:51
one of these, a Boys and Girls Club.
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一個青少年活動中心.
12:53
Now here is what happened to this person
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讓我們看看什麼事發生在這個人身上
12:56
who eventually became Mayor of San Francisco.
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這個後來變成舊金山市長的小孩.
12:58
He went from being alive and passionate
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看他現在充滿活力與熱情
13:00
at Stage One -- remember, "Life sucks,
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在「階段一」記得嗎? "生命糟透了,
13:02
despairing hostility, I will do whatever it takes to survive" --
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絶望與忿恨, 無惡不做只求生存" --
13:06
to walking into a Boys and Girls Club,
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他走進青少年活動中心時,
13:08
folding his arms, sitting down in a chair,
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抱緊他的雙手, 坐在椅子上,
13:10
and saying, "Wow. My life really sucks.
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然後說 "哇, 我的生活真是糟透了!
13:12
I don't know anybody.
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我一個人都不認識
13:14
I mean, if I was into boxing, like they were,
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如果我像那裡的人一樣有學過拳擊的話,
13:16
then my life wouldn't suck. But I don't. So it does.
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或許我的生活就不那麼糟了, 唉, 習慣就好.
13:18
So I'm going to sit here in my chair and not do anything."
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所以我還是在這裡坐著看看就好了."
13:20
In fact, that's progress.
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別小看這, 這就是進展!
13:22
We move people from Stage One to Stage Two
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我們把人從「階段一」移到「階段二」
13:25
by getting them in a new tribe
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只是引他們進到新的部落.
13:27
and then, over time, getting them connected.
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過一陣子再讓他們接上線.
13:30
So, what about moving
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那, 怎麼從
13:32
from Stage Three to Stage Four?
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「階段三」進到「階段四」呢?
13:34
I want to argue that we're doing that right here.
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其實我們現在在這裡正在做這件事.
13:37
TED represents a set of values,
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T-E-D 代表了一些價值的集合.
13:40
and as we unite around these values,
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而我們因為認同這些價值而結合,
13:43
something really interesting begins to emerge.
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然後一些真正有趣的事開始發展出來.
13:45
If you want this experience to live on
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如果你想要這樣深具歷史意義
13:48
as something historic,
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的經驗進入到你生命,
13:50
then at the reception tonight I'd like to encourage you to do something
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我鼓勵你今晚在接待處那裡做一些
13:53
beyond what people normally do
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超越常人的事,
13:55
and call networking.
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是所謂的網絡.
13:57
Which is not just to meet new people
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就是不只去認識新的人
13:59
and extend your reach, extend your influence,
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還要擴展你自己, 你的影響力.
14:02
but instead, find someone you don't know,
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不只是找一個你不認識的人,
14:04
and find someone else you don't know,
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你還要再找一個他也不認識的人,
14:06
and introduce them.
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然後彼此介紹.
14:08
That's called a triadic relationship.
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這就是所謂的三角架關係.
14:11
See, people who build world-changing tribes do that.
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了解了嗎? 建立能改變世界部落的人就是這麼做的.
14:15
They extend the reach of their tribes
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他們用連結不同部落的方式
14:18
by connecting them, not just to myself,
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讓部落擴展到不同領域, 而不是光靠我自己,
14:20
so that my following is greater,
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而我的追隨者比我更優秀.
14:22
but I connect people who don't know each other
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我把彼此不認識的人連接到
14:24
to something greater than themselves.
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比他們更棒的東西上.
14:26
And ultimately that adds to their values.
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而到極致他們把自身的價值加上去.
14:29
But we're not done yet. Because then how do we go from Stage Four,
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但我們還沒有完成, 因為從「階段四」己經很棒
14:33
which is great, to Stage Five?
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我們要想如何進到「階段五」吧?
14:36
The story that I like to end with is this. It comes out of
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我要用一個故事來做個結尾. 這故事是出自於
14:38
a place called the Gallup Organization.
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一個叫蓋洛普的地方.
14:40
You know they do polls, right?
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你們已經知道那是做民調的對吧?
14:42
So it's Stage Four. We're great. Who is not great?
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在「階段四」. 我們很優秀. 誰不優秀呢?
14:44
Pretty much everybody else who does polls.
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做民調公司到處都是.
14:47
If Gallup releases a poll on the same day that NBC releases a poll,
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如果蓋洛普跟美國國家廣播公司同一天公佈民調
14:50
people will pay attention to the Gallup poll. Okay, we understand that.
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人們會注意蓋洛普的民調. 這點我們了解.
14:53
So, they were bored.
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所以他們覺得無聊.
14:55
They wanted to change the world. So here is the question someone asked.
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他們想要改變世界. 所以某人問了個問題.
14:58
"How could we,
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"我們如何能
15:00
instead of just polling what Asia thinks
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不只做亞洲人想法的民調
15:02
or what the United States thinks,
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或是美國人想法的,
15:04
or who thinks what about Obama
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或是只是關心歐巴馬
15:06
versus McCain or something like that,
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對上麥凱恩, 或大概那類的事, [問],
15:08
what does the entire world think?"
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這整個世界的想法是什麼?"
15:12
And they found a way to do the first-ever world poll.
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他們找到一個辦法來做史無前例的世界民調.
15:16
They had people involved who were Nobel laureates
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這些參與的人有前諾貝爾
15:18
in economics, who reported being bored.
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經濟學奬得主, 有閒著無聊的人.
15:20
And suddenly they pulled out sheets of paper
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而且突然間他們抽出一些紙來
15:22
and were trying to figure out, "How do we survey the population
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開始試著解決, "我們如何能發問卷到
15:25
of Sub-Saharan Africa?
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住在非洲撒哈拉以南地方的人?"
15:27
How do we survey populations that don't have access to technology,
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我們如何取得那些無法接觸科技族群的意見?
15:30
and speak languages we don't speak,
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說我們不會的語言,
15:32
and we don't know anyone who speaks those languages. Because in order
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還有我們不知道誰會講這些語言. 但是
15:34
to achieve on this great mission,
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為了要完成這個偉大的任務,
15:37
we have to be able to do it.
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我們一定要能做到這些.
15:39
Incidentally, they did pull it off.
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結果, 他們克服萬難辦到了.
15:41
And they released the first-ever world poll.
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他們公佈了破天荒第一次世界民調.
15:44
So I'd like to leave you with these thoughts.
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我想把這些想法留給你們.
15:46
First of all: we all form tribes, all of us.
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首先: 我們所有人都會形成部落.
15:49
You're in tribes here. Hopefully you're extending the reach
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你們在這裡的這個部落. 希望你正在擴展
15:51
of the tribes that you have.
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你所在的所有部落.
15:53
But the question on the table is this:
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然而浮出台面上的問題是.
15:56
What kind of an impact are the tribes
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你跟你的部落正在產生
15:58
that you are in making?
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怎麼樣的衝擊?
16:00
You're hearing one presentation after another,
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你在這裡正在聽一個接著一個的簡報,
16:03
often representing a group of people, a tribe,
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通常簡報代表一群人, 一個部落,
16:05
about how they have changed the world.
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有關於他們如何地改變了這個世界.
16:08
If you do what we've talked about, you listen
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如果你做到他們所談到的, 你傾聽
16:10
for how people actually communicate in the tribes that you're in.
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在你部落裡的人實際溝通的方式.
16:13
And you don't leave them where they are. You nudge them forward.
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你不讓他們留在原地. 你推他們向前.
16:16
You remember to talk all five culture stages.
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你記得要談到五種文化階段.
16:19
Because we've got people in all five, around us.
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因為在我們周圍環繞著這五種人.
16:22
And the question that I'd like to leave you with is this:
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我留給各位的一個問題是:
16:25
Will your tribes change the world?
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你的部落將會改變世界嗎?
16:27
Thank you very much.
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謝謝各位
16:29
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Logan - Professor of managementDavid Logan is a USC faculty member, best-selling author, and management consultant.
Why you should listen
David Logan studies how people communicate within a company -- and how to harness our natural gifts to make change within organizations. He looks at emerging patterns of corporate leadership, organizational transformation, generational differences in the workplace, and team building for high-potential managers and executives.
He's the co-founder and senior partner at CultureSync, a management consulting firm, and works with Fortune 500 companies, governments, and nonprofits. Much of CultureSync's work is derived from a ten-year study of over 24,000 people published at Tribal Leadership (2008), which shows how organizational culture evolves over time and how leaders can nudge it forward.
He teaches management and leadership in the USC Executive MBA, and is also on the faculty at the International Centre for Leadership in Finance (ICLIF), endowed by the former prime minister of Malaysia, and on the Foundation for Medical Excellence in Portland.
From 2001-2004, he served as Associate Dean of Executive Education at USC. During that time, he started the Master of Medical Management (MMM), a business degree for midcareer medical doctors. He also initiated new executive education programs (often, in concert with the USC School of Policy, Planning and Development) with organizations as diverse as the Sierra Health Foundation, Northrop Grumman, and the City of Los Angeles. He continued to oversee many programs, including one of USC's first distance learning education courses for managers in Japan and a senior executive program at Toyota.
Logan is co-author of four books including Tribal Leadership and The Three Laws of Performance.
David Logan | Speaker | TED.com