ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sangu Delle - Entrepreneur
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy.

Why you should listen

Born in Ghana, Sangu Delle's childhood home was a refuge for victims of torture and violence from neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone. Delle graduated from Harvard College with highest honors in African Studies and Economics. He was awarded the Soros Fellowship and pursued a Juris Doctor of Law and MBA at Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School, respectively.

At Harvard, enrolling in the Social Engagement Initiative program that bridged the academic study and practical service gap, Delle co-founded cleanacwa (formerly the African Development Initiative) in 2007, which today is currently working to bring clean water and sanitation to over 200,000 people in 160 villages in the Ayensuano, Suhum and Nandom districts in Ghana. Delle is also passionate about mental health and wellness, and was a founding member of Harvard University’s Mental Health Alumni Special Interest Group. 

Delle has previously worked at Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Valiant Capital Partners. Convinced that the real needs of communities can best be met through entrepreneurship, in 2008 he founded an investment holding company, Golden Palm Investments(GPI) to fund promising start-ups that can have social impact and generate jobs. GPI has backed technology startups such as Andela, Flutterwave and mPharma.  GPI has also built a portfolio of greenfield companies in healthcare, agriculture and financial services. Delle serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GPI.

Delle has received several international accolades including being named a 2016 finalist for “Young CEO of the Year” by the Africa CEO Forum, Africa’s “Young Person of the Year” in 2014 by the Future Africa Awards, selected as a 2014 TEDGlobal Fellow, Forbes’ top 30 most promising entrepreneurs in Africa and Euromoney’s “Africa’s Rising Stars” award. Institut Choiseul and Forbes Afrique named Delle as one of the top “100 Economic Leaders in Africa” in 2015. Mic named Delle as one of 9 entrepreneurs in the millennial generation making a difference. 

Delle is a Trustee of the Peddie School in NJ and serves on the Advisory Board and chairs the Leadership Council of Harvard University’s Center for African Studies. He also serves on the inaugural West Africa Advisory Group of the Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford University.

Delle loves the outdoors and trekked Mount Everest in 2013 and summited Kilimanjaro during the summer of 2015.

More profile about the speaker
Sangu Delle | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2014

Sangu Delle: In praise of macro -- yes, macro -- finance in Africa

Sangu Delle: Em louvor do macro – sim, macro – financiamento na África

Filmed:
1,183,051 views

Nesta palestra curta e provocante, o financista Sangu Delle questiona se as microfinanças – pequenos empréstimos a pequenos empreendedores – são a melhor maneira de impulsionar o crescimento nos países em desenvolvimento. "Parece que estamos fixados nesta ideia romântica que toda pessoa pobre na África é um empreendedor", diz ele. "No entanto, meu trabalho tem mostrado que a maioria das pessoas quer empregos". Delle, um Bolsista TED, apresenta um argumento que apoia as grandes empresas e fábricas a superarem os obstáculos ao comércio pan-africano.
- Entrepreneur
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Traditional prescriptions for growth
in Africa are not working very well.
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As prescrições tradicionais de crescimento
na África não estão funcionando muito bem.
00:18
After one trillion dollars
in African development-related aid
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Após 1 trilhão de dólares de ajuda
para o desenvolvimento africano
00:22
in the last 60 years,
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nos últimos 60 anos,
00:25
real per capita income today
is lower than it was in the 1970s.
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a renda per capita real hoje
é menor do que era na década de 70.
A ajuda não está indo muito bem.
00:30
Aid is not doing too well.
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Consequentemente,
00:33
In response,
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as instituições Bretton Woods,
o FMI e o Banco Mundial,
00:34
the Bretton Woods institutions --
the IMF and the World Bank --
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00:38
pushed for free trade not aid,
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pressionaram para o livre comércio
e não para assistência,
ainda assim, registros históricos
mostram pouca evidência empírica
00:42
yet the historical record
shows little empirical evidence
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00:46
that free trade leads to economic growth.
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de que o livre comércio
leva ao crescimento econômico.
A nova solução milagrosa recomendada
é o microcrédito.
00:50
The newly prescribed
silver bullet is microcredit.
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00:54
We seem to be fixated
on this romanticized idea
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Parece que estamos fixados
nesta ideia romântica
de que todo lavrador pobre na África
é um empresário.
00:58
that every poor peasant in Africa
is an entrepreneur.
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01:02
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
01:05
Yet my work and travel
in 40-plus countries across Africa
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No entanto, meu trabalho e visitas
a mais de 40 países na África
01:10
have taught me that most people
want jobs instead.
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me ensinaram que a maioria das pessoas
preferem empregos.
01:15
My solution: Forget micro-entrepreneurs.
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Minha solução:
esqueça os microempresários.
01:19
Let's invest in building
pan-African titans
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Vamos investir em construir
titãs pan-africanos,
01:22
like Sudanese businessman Mo Ibrahim.
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como o empresário sudanês Mo Ibrahim.
Mo fez uma aposta contrária na África
quando fundou a Celtel Internacional em 98
01:27
Mo took a contrarian bet on Africa when
he founded Celtel International in '98
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01:32
and built it into a mobile
cellular provider
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e a desenvolveu em uma operadora
de telefonia celular,
01:36
with 24 million subscribers
across 14 African countries by 2004.
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com 24 milhões de assinantes
de 14 países africanos até 2004.
01:44
The Mo model might be better
than the everyman entrepreneur model,
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O modelo Mo talvez seja melhor
do que o modelo 'todos são empresários',
01:47
which prevents an effective means
of diffusion and knowledge-sharing.
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que impede um meio eficaz de difusão
e partilha de conhecimentos.
Talvez na África não estejamos na fase
01:51
Perhaps we are not at a stage in Africa
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01:54
where many actors and small enterprises
leads to growth through competition.
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em que muitos participantes
e pequenas empresas
incentivam o crescimento
através de competição.
Considerem estas duas alternativas.
01:59
Consider these two alternative scenarios.
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02:03
One: You loan 200 dollars
to each of 500 banana farmers
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Primeira: você empresta 200 dólares
a cada 500 produtores de bananas
02:09
allowing them to dry
their surplus bananas
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permitindo-os desidratar
as bananas excedentes,
02:11
and fetch 15 percent more revenue
at the local market.
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e obter 15% a mais de receita
no mercado local.
02:16
Or two: You give 100,000 dollars
to one savvy entrepreneur
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Ou segunda: você dá 100 mil dólares
a um empresário astuto,
e o ajuda a montar uma fábrica
que produz 40% da renda adicional
02:22
and help her set up a factory
that yields 40 percent additional income
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02:27
to all 500 banana farmers
and creates 50 additional jobs.
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para todos os 500 produtores
de banana e cria 50 empregos a mais.
02:33
We invested in the second scenario,
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Nós investimos na segunda opção,
02:36
and backed 26-year-old
Kenyan entrepreneur Eric Muthomi
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e patrocinamos Eri Muthomi,
um empresário queniano de 26 anos
02:40
to set up an agro-processing
factory called Stawi
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para montar a fábrica Stawi,
de processamento agrícola,
02:44
to produce gluten-free
banana-based flour and baby food.
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para produzir farinha de banana
livre de glúten para comida de bebês.
02:50
Stawi is leveraging economies of scale
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A Stawi alavanca as economias de escala
e usa processos de fabricação modernos,
criando valor não só para seus donos
02:53
and using modern manufacturing processes
to create value for not only its owners
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mas para seus empregados, que têm
direitos de propriedade da empresa.
02:58
but its workers, who have
an ownership in the business.
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Nosso sonho é pegar um Eric Muthomi
e ajudá-lo a tornar-se um Mo Ibrahim,
03:02
Our dream is to take an Eric Muthomi
and try to help him become a Mo Ibrahim,
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03:08
which requires skill, financing,
local and global partnerships,
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o que requer habilidade, financiamento,
parcerias locais e globais,
03:13
and extraordinary perseverance.
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e uma perseverança extraordinária.
03:16
But why pan-African?
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Mas, por que pan-africano?
A disputa pela África durante
a Conferência de Berlim de 1884,
03:19
The scramble for Africa
during the Berlin Conference of 1884 --
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em que, francamente, nós africanos
não fomos exatamente consultados,
03:24
where, quite frankly, we Africans
were not exactly consulted --
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(Risos) (Aplausos)
03:28
(Laughter) (Applause) --
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resultou em uma enorme fragmentação,
03:35
resulted in massive fragmentation
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03:38
and many sovereign states
with small populations:
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e muitos Estados soberanos
com populações pequenas:
Libéria, 4 milhões;
Cabo Verde, 500 mil.
03:40
Liberia, four million;
Cape Verde, 500,000.
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03:43
Pan-Africa gives you one billion people,
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A Pan-África lhe dá um bilhão de pessoas,
03:46
granted across 55 countries
with trade barriers and other impediments,
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abrangendo 55 países com barreiras
comerciais e outros impedimentos,
mas, nossos antepassados ​​negociavam
em todo o continente
03:50
but our ancestors traded
across the continent
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03:53
before Europeans drew lines around us.
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antes dos europeus desenharem
nossas fronteiras.
03:56
The pan-African opportunities
outweigh the challenges,
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As oportunidades pan-africanas
superam os desafios,
e, por isso, estamos expandindo
mercados da Stawi desde o Quênia
03:59
and that's why we're expanding
Stawi's markets from just Kenya
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04:03
to Algeria, Nigeria, Ghana,
and anywhere else that will buy our food.
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até a Argélia, Nigéria, Gana,
a qualquer lugar que compre nossa comida.
Esperamos ajudar resolver
a segurança alimentar,
04:07
We hope to help solve food security,
empower farmers, create jobs,
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capacitar os agricultores,
criar empregos,
04:11
develop the local economy,
and we hope to become rich in the process.
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desenvolver a economia local,
e esperamos nos tornar ricos no processo.
04:15
While it's not the sexiest approach,
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Embora não seja a abordagem mais sexy,
04:18
and maybe it doesn't
achieve the same feel-good
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e talvez isso não nos gere
a mesma sensação boa
04:20
as giving a woman 100 dollars
to buy a goat on kiva.org,
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de quando se dá 100 dólares a uma mulher
para comprar uma cabra na kiva.org,
04:24
perhaps supporting fewer,
higher-impact entrepreneurs
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talvez apoiando menos
empresários de maior impacto
a construir empresas sólidas
que promovam a pan-África
04:28
to build massive businesses
that scale pan-Africa
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04:31
can help change this.
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possa ajudar a mudar isso.
04:34
The political freedom
for which our forebearers fought
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A liberdade política pela qual
nossos antepassados lutaram ​​
04:38
is meaningless without economic freedom.
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não tem sentido sem a liberdade econômica.
Esperamos ajudar nesta luta
pela liberdade econômica
04:43
We hope to aid this fight
for economic freedom
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com a criação de empresas
de classe mundial,
04:46
by building world-class businesses,
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criando uma riqueza indígena,
04:48
creating indigenous wealth,
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proporcionando empregos de que
tanto precisamos,
04:50
providing jobs that we
so desperately need,
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04:53
and hopefully helping achieve this.
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e, esperamos ajudar a alcançar isso.
04:57
Africa shall rise.
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A África vai se erguer.
Obrigado.
05:00
Thank you.
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05:02
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
05:09
Tom Rielly: So Sangu, of course,
this is strong rhetoric.
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Tom Rielly: Então Sangu, é claro,
isto é uma retórica forte.
05:13
You're making 100 percent contrast
between microcredit
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Você está fazendo um contraste total
entre microcrédito,
investimento regular
e investimento regular crescente.
05:16
and regular investment
and growing regular investment.
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05:20
Do you think there is
a role for microcredit at all?
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Você acha que existe
uma função para o microcrédito?
05:23
Sangu Delle: I think there is a role.
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Sangu Delle: Acho que sim.
05:25
Microcredit has been a great,
innovative way
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O microcrédito tem sido
uma grande forma inovadora
05:28
to expand financial access
to the bottom of the pyramid.
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para expandir o acesso financeiro
para a base da pirâmide.
Mas, para os problemas
que encaramos na África,
05:32
But for the problems we face in Africa,
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05:34
when we are looking
at the Marshall Plan
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quando analisamos o Plano Marshall,
de revitalizar a Europa pós-guerra,
05:36
to revitalize war-torn Europe,
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05:37
it was not full of donations of sheep.
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não era um plano de doações de ovelhas.
05:39
We need more than just microcredit.
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Precisamos mais que o microcrédito.
05:41
We need more than just give 200 dollars.
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Precisamos mais
do que dar 200 dólares.
05:43
We need to build big businesses,
and we need jobs.
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Precisamos construir grandes empresas,
e precisamos de empregos.
TR: Muito bom. Muito obrigado.
05:46
TR: Very good. Thank you so much.
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05:49
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
Translated by Nadja Nathan
Reviewed by Andrea Mussap

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sangu Delle - Entrepreneur
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy.

Why you should listen

Born in Ghana, Sangu Delle's childhood home was a refuge for victims of torture and violence from neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone. Delle graduated from Harvard College with highest honors in African Studies and Economics. He was awarded the Soros Fellowship and pursued a Juris Doctor of Law and MBA at Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School, respectively.

At Harvard, enrolling in the Social Engagement Initiative program that bridged the academic study and practical service gap, Delle co-founded cleanacwa (formerly the African Development Initiative) in 2007, which today is currently working to bring clean water and sanitation to over 200,000 people in 160 villages in the Ayensuano, Suhum and Nandom districts in Ghana. Delle is also passionate about mental health and wellness, and was a founding member of Harvard University’s Mental Health Alumni Special Interest Group. 

Delle has previously worked at Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Valiant Capital Partners. Convinced that the real needs of communities can best be met through entrepreneurship, in 2008 he founded an investment holding company, Golden Palm Investments(GPI) to fund promising start-ups that can have social impact and generate jobs. GPI has backed technology startups such as Andela, Flutterwave and mPharma.  GPI has also built a portfolio of greenfield companies in healthcare, agriculture and financial services. Delle serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GPI.

Delle has received several international accolades including being named a 2016 finalist for “Young CEO of the Year” by the Africa CEO Forum, Africa’s “Young Person of the Year” in 2014 by the Future Africa Awards, selected as a 2014 TEDGlobal Fellow, Forbes’ top 30 most promising entrepreneurs in Africa and Euromoney’s “Africa’s Rising Stars” award. Institut Choiseul and Forbes Afrique named Delle as one of the top “100 Economic Leaders in Africa” in 2015. Mic named Delle as one of 9 entrepreneurs in the millennial generation making a difference. 

Delle is a Trustee of the Peddie School in NJ and serves on the Advisory Board and chairs the Leadership Council of Harvard University’s Center for African Studies. He also serves on the inaugural West Africa Advisory Group of the Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford University.

Delle loves the outdoors and trekked Mount Everest in 2013 and summited Kilimanjaro during the summer of 2015.

More profile about the speaker
Sangu Delle | Speaker | TED.com

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