TEDYouth 2014
Kenneth Shinozuka: My simple invention, designed to keep my grandfather safe
Kenneth Shinozuka: 我的一个小发明，保护我爷爷的安全
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60%的老年痴呆患者会迷路乱走，给患者自己和照顾的人带来很大的心理压力。在本次温暖的演讲中，还是中学生的 Kenneth Shinozuka 向我们介绍了他的小发明，如何帮助到夜里会到处走的爷爷和照顾爷爷的舅舅……以及他帮助其他老年痴呆患者的梦想。
Kenneth Shinozuka - Smart product inventor
Kenneth Shinozuka designs smart products ... He's been doing so since he was in kindergarten. Full bio
Kenneth Shinozuka designs smart products ... He's been doing so since he was in kindergarten. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What's the fastest growing threat
to Americans' health?
to Americans' health?
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威胁美国人健康的疾病中，上升速度最快的是哪一种？
00:16
Cancer? Heart attacks? Diabetes?
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癌症？心脏病？糖尿病？
00:19
The answer is actually none of these;
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实际上都不是
00:21
it's Alzheimer's disease.
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（上升最快的）是老年痴呆症（即阿尔茨海默氏病）
00:23
Every 67 seconds,
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每隔67秒
00:25
someone in the United States
is diagnosed with Alzheimer's.
is diagnosed with Alzheimer's.
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美国就有一人被诊断出患有该疾病
00:28
As the number of Alzheimer's patients
triples by the year 2050,
triples by the year 2050,
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老年痴呆患者的数量到2050年会翻三倍
00:32
caring for them, as well as
the rest of the aging population,
the rest of the aging population,
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照顾这些患者，以及其他老龄人口
00:35
will become an overwhelming
societal challenge.
societal challenge.
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将会变成一个非常大的社会挑战
00:38
My family has experienced firsthand
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我的家庭有着切身的体验
00:40
the struggles of caring
for an Alzheimer's patient.
for an Alzheimer's patient.
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知道照顾一名老年痴呆患者的辛苦
00:42
Growing up in a family
with three generations,
with three generations,
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我成长在一个三代同堂的家庭
00:45
I've always been very close
to my grandfather.
to my grandfather.
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从小就跟自己的爷爷非常亲近
00:47
When I was four years old,
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当我四岁的时候
00:48
my grandfather and I
were walking in a park in Japan
were walking in a park in Japan
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我跟爷爷在公园里散步
00:51
when he suddenly got lost.
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然后他突然失踪了
00:52
It was one of the scariest moments
I've ever experienced in my life,
I've ever experienced in my life,
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这是迄今为止最让我害怕的回忆之一
00:55
and it was also the first
instance that informed us
instance that informed us
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这也第一次使我们意识到
00:58
that my grandfather
had Alzheimer's disease.
had Alzheimer's disease.
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爷爷得了老年痴呆
01:00
Over the past 12 years,
his condition got worse and worse,
his condition got worse and worse,
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过去12年来，他的病情一点一点加重了
01:04
and his wandering in particular
caused my family a lot of stress.
caused my family a lot of stress.
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尤其是他出去游荡的时候，全家都会很紧张（他失踪）
01:07
My aunt, his primary caregiver,
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我姑妈，主要是她照顾着爷爷
01:09
really struggled to stay awake at night
to keep an eye on him,
to keep an eye on him,
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夜里硬撑着不敢睡觉，为了留心爷爷的状况
01:12
and even then often failed
to catch him leaving the bed.
to catch him leaving the bed.
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即使这样，也不能阻止爷爷半夜下床（乱走动）
01:15
I became really concerned
about my aunt's well-being
about my aunt's well-being
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我变得很关心姑妈的健康
01:17
as well as my grandfather's safety.
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和我爷爷的安全
01:19
I searched extensively for a solution
that could help my family's problems,
that could help my family's problems,
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我大范围的搜寻为了找到一个可以帮到我家庭的方法
01:23
but couldn't find one.
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却以失败告终
01:24
Then, one night about two years ago,
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后来，两年前的一个晚上
01:27
I was looking after my grandfather
and I saw him stepping out of the bed.
and I saw him stepping out of the bed.
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我在照顾爷爷的时候，看到他正想要下床
01:31
The moment his foot landed on the floor,
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他的脚碰到地面的瞬间
01:33
I thought, why don't I put
a pressure sensor on the heel of his foot?
a pressure sensor on the heel of his foot?
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我想到，为什么不在他的后脚跟放个压力传感器呢？
01:36
Once he stepped onto the floor
and out of the bed,
and out of the bed,
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当他下床着地的时候
01:38
the pressure sensor would detect an
increase in pressure caused by body weight
increase in pressure caused by body weight
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传感器就能检测到由于爷爷体重造成的一股上升的压力
01:42
and then wirelessly send an audible alert
to the caregiver's smartphone.
to the caregiver's smartphone.
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并能无线传输警报信号给看护人的手机
01:45
That way, my aunt could sleep
much better at night
much better at night
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这样一来，我姑妈晚上就可以睡得更好一些
01:48
without having to worry
about my grandfather's wandering.
about my grandfather's wandering.
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不用一直瞪大眼睛提防爷爷到处走动
01:51
So now I'd like to perform
a demonstration of this sock.
a demonstration of this sock.
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现在我来展示一下我发明的（压力感应的）袜子
01:57
Could I please have
my sock model on the stage?
my sock model on the stage?
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能邀请我的（袜子展示）模特到台上来吗？
02:00
Great.
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太棒了
02:04
So once the patient
steps onto the floor --
steps onto the floor --
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一旦病人的脚着地
02:07
(Ringing) --
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（警报声）
02:09
an alert is sent
to the caregiver's smartphone.
to the caregiver's smartphone.
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警报就会被发送到看护人的手机
02:16
Thank you. (Applause)
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谢谢 （掌声）
02:18
Thank you, sock model.
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谢谢我的模特
02:24
So this is a drawing
of my preliminary design.
of my preliminary design.
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这就是我这个想法一开始的草图
02:27
My desire to create
a sensor-based technology
a sensor-based technology
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我之所以想要创造一个基于传感器的技术
02:30
perhaps stemmed from my lifelong love
for sensors and technology.
for sensors and technology.
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原因可能来自我对传感器和相关科技的热爱
02:33
When I was six years old,
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当我六岁的时候
02:35
an elderly family friend
fell down in the bathroom
fell down in the bathroom
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家里一位年长的亲戚在浴室摔倒了
02:37
and suffered severe injuries.
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伤得很重
02:39
I became concerned
about my own grandparents
about my own grandparents
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我开始关注自己的祖父母（的安全）
02:41
and decided to invent
a smart bathroom system.
a smart bathroom system.
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并决定设计一套智能浴室系统
02:43
Motion sensors would be installed
inside the tiles of bathroom floors
inside the tiles of bathroom floors
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运动传感器将会被嵌入浴室的地砖里面
02:47
to detect the falls of elderly patients
whenever they fell down in the bathroom.
whenever they fell down in the bathroom.
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当老人摔倒在地板上的时候就能够探测到
02:51
Since I was only six years old at the time
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当时我才只有6岁
02:53
and I hadn't graduated
from kindergarten yet,
from kindergarten yet,
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幼儿园都没有毕业
02:55
I didn't have the necessary resources and
tools to translate my idea into reality,
tools to translate my idea into reality,
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我没法获取所需的资源和工具来实现我的想法
03:00
but nonetheless, my research experience
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但是，我的研究经历
03:02
really implanted in me a firm desire
to use sensors to help the elderly people.
to use sensors to help the elderly people.
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让我建立起坚定的信念，用传感器去帮助老人
03:06
I really believe that sensors can improve
the quality of life of the elderly.
the quality of life of the elderly.
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我坚信传感器可以提高老年人的生活质量
03:12
When I laid out my plan, I realized
that I faced three main challenges:
that I faced three main challenges:
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当我开始细化我的计划时，我意识到我面临三大挑战
03:16
first, creating a sensor;
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第一，创造一个传感器
03:18
second, designing a circuit;
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第二，设计电路
03:19
and third, coding a smartphone app.
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第三，写出一个手机App
03:21
This made me realize that my project
was actually much harder to realize
was actually much harder to realize
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这让我意识到我的计划比我一开始想象的
03:24
than I initially had thought it to be.
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要难的多
03:26
First, I had to create a wearable sensor
that was thin and flexible enough
that was thin and flexible enough
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首先，我需要发明一个可穿戴的传感器，足够轻薄灵活
03:30
to be worn comfortably
on the bottom of the patient's foot.
on the bottom of the patient's foot.
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要能够舒适的穿在病人的脚上。
03:33
After extensive research and testing
of different materials like rubber,
of different materials like rubber,
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在调研和尝试了许多种材料之后，我意识到
03:36
which I realized was too thick to be worn
snugly on the bottom of the foot,
snugly on the bottom of the foot,
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橡胶之类的材料太厚了穿在脚上不服帖
我决定打印一个薄膜式传感器
03:40
I decided to print a film sensor
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使用能感知压力的电子墨水来构造。
03:41
with electrically conductive
pressure-sensitive ink particles.
pressure-sensitive ink particles.
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03:44
Once pressure is applied, the connectivity
between the particles increases.
between the particles increases.
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一旦产生压力，墨水粒子之间连通性就增加了
03:48
Therefore, I could design a circuit
that would measure pressure
that would measure pressure
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这样我就可以设计一个测试压力的电路
通过测量电阻
03:51
by measuring electrical resistance.
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03:53
Next, I had to design
a wearable wireless circuit,
a wearable wireless circuit,
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接下来，我需要设计一个可穿戴的无线电路
03:56
but wireless signal transmission
consumes lots of power
consumes lots of power
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但是无线信号传输非常耗电
03:59
and requires heavy, bulky batteries.
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并且需要笨重的电池
04:01
Thankfully, I was able to find out
about the Bluetooth low energy technology,
about the Bluetooth low energy technology,
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谢天谢地，我找到了低功耗的蓝牙技术
04:04
which consumes very little power
and can be driven by a coin-sized battery.
and can be driven by a coin-sized battery.
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功耗很低，纽扣电池就能够带动起来
04:08
This prevented the system
from dying in the middle of the night.
from dying in the middle of the night.
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这就避免了系统工作到半夜就没电的尴尬
04:11
Lastly, I had to code a smartphone app
that would essentially transform
that would essentially transform
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最后，我需要自己写一个智能手机App
04:15
the care-giver's smartphone
into a remote monitor.
into a remote monitor.
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它将看护人的手机变成一个远程监控器
04:17
For this, I had to expand upon
my knowledge of coding with Java and XCode
my knowledge of coding with Java and XCode
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为此，我需要在Java和XCode基础上继续探索
04:21
and I also had to learn about how to code
for Bluetooth low energy devices
for Bluetooth low energy devices
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并自学了如何用代码去操纵蓝牙低功耗设备
04:24
by watching YouTube tutorials
and reading various textbooks.
and reading various textbooks.
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为此我看了很多的YouTube视频，翻了很多书
04:29
Integrating these components, I was able
to successfully create two prototypes,
to successfully create two prototypes,
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把这些组件拼接起来，我成功的做出来了两个原型
04:33
one in which the sensor
is embedded inside a sock,
is embedded inside a sock,
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其中一个原型，传感器被嵌入袜子里
04:35
and another that's
a re-attachable sensor assembly
a re-attachable sensor assembly
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另一个原型，传感器是可以拆卸的
04:37
that can be adhered anywhere
that makes contact
that makes contact
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可以粘在病人脚底
04:39
with the bottom of the patient's foot.
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任何产生接触的地方
04:41
I've tested the device on my grandfather
for about a year now,
for about a year now,
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我给爷爷试验了一年的时间
04:44
and it's had a 100 percent success rate
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它拥有百分之百的准确率
04:46
in detecting the over 900
known cases of his wandering.
known cases of his wandering.
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成功捕获了爷爷超过900次的发病情况
04:50
Last summer, I was able
to beta test my device
to beta test my device
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去年夏天，我开始在美国加州的
04:53
at several residential
care facilities in California,
care facilities in California,
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一些护理院试用这套设备
04:55
and I'm currently incorporating
the feedback
the feedback
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目前我正在收集反馈
04:57
to further improve the device
into a marketable product.
into a marketable product.
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后续会将这个设备完善成一个可以进入市场的产品
05:00
Testing the device on a number of patients
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在病人实际试用的过程中
05:02
made me realize that I needed
to invent solutions
to invent solutions
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我意识到我需要创新解决方案
05:05
for people who didn't want
to wear socks to sleep at night.
to wear socks to sleep at night.
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因为有些人晚上睡觉是不习惯穿袜子的
05:08
So sensor data, collected
on a vast number of patients,
on a vast number of patients,
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从大规模的病人身上采集到的传感器数据
05:11
can be useful for improving patient care
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不仅对于照顾病人有帮助作用
05:13
and also leading to a cure
for the disease, possibly.
for the disease, possibly.
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对于疾病本身的治疗也可能会有帮助
05:16
For example, I'm currently examining
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例如，我现在在检测的
05:18
correlations between the frequency
of a patient's nightly wandering
of a patient's nightly wandering
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是尝试发现病人夜间活动与饮食
05:21
and his or her daily activities and diet.
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以及白天的行为之间的关联
05:25
One thing I'll never forget
is when my device first caught
is when my device first caught
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我永远忘不了我的设备第一次成功地
05:28
my grandfather's wandering
out of bed at night.
out of bed at night.
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捕获出我爷爷半夜下床的时刻
05:30
At that moment, I was really struck
by the power of technology
by the power of technology
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那一刻我强烈的感受到了科技的力量
05:33
to change lives for the better.
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让生活更美好的力量
05:36
People living happily and healthfully --
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人们可以健康快乐的生活
05:38
that's the world that I imagine.
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这是我的梦想
05:40
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢
05:42
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kenneth Shinozuka - Smart product inventorKenneth Shinozuka designs smart products ... He's been doing so since he was in kindergarten.
Why you should listen
When he was six years old, a family friend of Kenneth Shinozuka fell down in the bathroom. The friend was ok -- but the incident inspired him to design a motion detection system that could be embedded in bathroom tiles. He never actually made one in real life (remember, he was only six) ... but he was hooked on both the promise of invention and the potential of technology.
Since then, Shinozuka has designed smart devices for his grandfather, who has Alzheimer's disease. One invention that caught the eye of both the media and awards programs such as the Google Science Fair: a pair of smart socks, designed to send an alert to a caregiver if a patient gets out of bed. In 2014, he won the $50,000 Scientific American Science in Action Award, while he was also a 2014 Davidson Fellow.
Kenneth Shinozuka | Speaker | TED.com