Jakob Magolan: A crash course in organic chemistry
جاكوب ماغولان: دورة مكثفة في الكيمياء العضوية
Professor Jakob Magolan is a synthetic chemist who assembles new molecules to discover new medicines. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the words "organic chemistry?"
كلمة " الكيمياء العضوية؟"
at nearly every university,
introduction to the subject,
that overwhelms students,
to become a doctor or a dentist
أن تصبحوا أطباء أو أطباء أسنان
perceive this science like this ...
يرون هذا العلم مثل هذا ...
to do to young people,
أن تُحدث ذلك في الشباب،
beyond college campuses long ago.
الحرم الجامعي منذ فترة طويلة.
about these two words.
in which we have placed it
and it's not good for society,
should be easier. It shouldn't.
لا ينبغي ذلك.
"الكيمياء العضوية"
by the experiences of premed students
الذين تم إعدادهم مسبقًا قبل دخول كلية الطب
a very anxious time of their lives.
of organic chemistry is valuable,
للكيمياء العضوية قيّمة،
accessible to everybody,
overpriced EpiPens.
المبالغ في سعره.
the beat of my heart,
allergic reaction.
right here will do it.
the ignition switch
go up so blood could rush to my muscles.
بحيث يمكن للدم أن يندفع إلى عضلاتي.
I would feel a wave of strength.
لكنتُ أشعر بموجة من القوة.
between life and death for many people.
للعديد من الناس.
that you can hold in your fingers.
الاحتفاظ به في أصابعكم.
of epinephrine.
when I look at that picture.
together by atomic bonds.
بواسطة روابط ذرية.
gives epinephrine its identity,
يعطي الإبينفرين هويته،
actually seen one of these,
an artistic impression,
how small this is.
half a milligram of it dissolved in water.
مذوب في الماء.
molecules in here is one quintillion.
into the right ballpark,
under all the oceans and lakes,
so they fit in here.
we will never see it,
through some sophisticated machines
resonance spectrometers."
this molecule very well.
هذا الجزيء بشكل جيد.
of four different types of atoms,
مختلفة من الذرات،
والأكسجين والنيتروجين.
we typically use for them.
is made of little spheres
مصنوع من كرات صغيرة
of these basic ingredients,
من هذه المكونات الأساسية،
from three smaller particles:
into this familiar table.
في هذا الجدول المألوف.
doesn't need all of these,
that stand apart from the rest
تقف منفصلة عن البقية
that are found in epinephrine:
is the most important part.
connect to form molecules,
and you can misspell the word "honk,"
for the rest of your lives.
with these ingredients.
they're made of electrons.
مصنوعة من إلكترونات.
to reach out and hold their neighbors.
للوصول إلى جيرانها.
like a handshake,
they are not permanent.
and grab another.
and make new molecules.
وصناعة جزيئات جديدة.
is made mostly of carbon atoms,
من ذرات الكربون،
structural building material,
a good number of handshakes
as the study of carbon molecules.
بأنها دراسة جزيئات الكربون.
we can think of that follow our rules,
التي يمكن أن نفكر في اتباعها لقواعدنا،
and they have familiar names:
ولديهم أسماء مألوفة:
H20 and NH3 and CH4.
"oxygen" and "nitrogen" --
و "نيتروجين" ...
that have two atoms each.
كل منهما لديها ذرتان.
and three bonds between them.
and beside it, some flammable fuels.
وجانبه بعض الوقود القابل للاشتعال.
of just hydrogen and carbon.
من هيدروجين وكربون فقط.
We're very creative.
نحن مبدعون للغاية.
into molecules of oxygen,
or in your barbecues,
ends up at the center of a CO2 molecule,
as parts of waters,
for bigger molecules either,
important stories in medical history.
في التاريخ الطبي.
real triumph over physical pain,
على الألم الجسدي،
and they're read by other scientists,
واطلع عليها علماء آخرون،
to do this quickly on paper,
لعمل هذا على الورق،
with simple letters,
that lie in the plane of the page,
forwards and backwards,
by corners between the bonds,
that's bonded to a carbon.
any fewer than four bonds.
is the bonds between OH and NH.
بين OH و NH.
to make it cleaner,
لجعلها أكثر نظافة،
to draw molecules.
but I think everyone here could do it,
They're one and the same.
إنهم واحد ونفس الشيء.
through your body right now.
a quick quintillion more of them.
سريع ومزيد منها.
of sheep or cattle,
where this stuff comes from.
that come mostly from petroleum.
التي تأتي غالبًا من البترول.
makes some of us uncomfortable.
يشعر بعدم الارتياح.
which makes us feel safe.
التي تجلعنا نشعر بالأمان.
they cannot be distinguished.
that are coming off an assembly line here.
من خط تجميع.
almost mathematical sense.
غالبًا حس رياضي.
math practically touches reality.
تلمس الواقع بطريقة عملية.
they don't matter,
لا يعنيا شيئًا مهمًا،
this molecule just like we do,
at this than we are.
that are powered by sunlight,
التي تعمل بأشعة الشمس،
small molecules crash into each other
تتصادم مع بعضها البعض
carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids,
كربوهيدرات وبروتينات وأحماض النووية،
with the oxygen gas we breathe,
بغاز الأكسجين الذي نتنفسه،
with the energy of the sun.
to reclaim this word, "chemical,"
لاستعادة هذه الكلمة، "كيميائي،"
and it doesn't mean harmful,
chemical-free lump charcoal.
خالٍ من المواد الكيميائي.
chemicals are quite toxic,
شديدة السمية،
whether something is harmful
الشيء ضار
we have these people.
موجودة في كل مكان،
that we call petroleum.
gets converted into a molecule of CO2.
من ثاني أكسيد الكربون.
that is messing up our climate.
will make that reality easier to accept
سيصبح من السهل تقبل الواقع
are not just fossil fuels.
available raw materials
that we call synthesis.
or break them apart with great control.
عن بعض بتحكم كبير.
it's even possible.
into washing machines,
exact copies of nature, like epinephrine,
مثل الإبينفرين،
from scratch, like these two.
كهذين الاثنين.
of multiple sclerosis;
تصلب الأنسجة المتعدد؛
that we call T-cell lymphoma.
الذي نسميه لمفوما الخلايا التائية.
it's like a key in a lock,
بمثابة مفتاح في قفل،
with the chemistry of a disease.
مع كيمياء المرض.
to fit snugly somewhere important.
بشكل مريح في مكان ما مهم.
at making them than we are,
two chlorine atoms
in a jungle in Borneo in 1953.
في غابة في بورنيو عام 1953.
cost-efficiently in a lab.
بتكاليف بسيطة.
can harvest it from its natural source,
الحصول عليه من مصدره الطبيعي،
one of our most powerful antibiotics.
أقوى المضادات الحيوية لدينا.
in our literature every day.
in every corner of this planet.
have amazing powers ...
and everything else.
is like being a knight in shining armor.
أن تكون فارسًا في درعٍ لامع.
with courage and composure,
of the blacksmith in this picture,
في هذه الصورة،
things would look a little different ...
مختلفة قليلًا ...
fabrics, all plastics,
والأنسجة وجميع أنواع البلاستيك،
you're sitting on right now --
and they're mostly carbon,
and it goes on and on and on,
you guys organic chemistry --
الكيمياء العضوية...
from a young man named Weston Durland,
من شاب صغير يدعى ويستون دورلاند،
student in chemistry,
pretty good with computer graphics.
في رسومات الحاسوب.
all the moving molecules
through the use of graphics like these
مثل هذه رسومات
about this intricate science.
عن هذا العلم المعقد.
is not something to be afraid of.
of the natural world looks richer.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jakob Magolan - Organic chemistProfessor Jakob Magolan is a synthetic chemist who assembles new molecules to discover new medicines.
Why you should listen
Jakob Magolan holds the Boris Family Endowed Chair in Drug Discovery at McMaster University in Canada. As a graduate student, he was trained to synthesize the complex and beautiful molecules made by nature from simple chemical building blocks. His medicinal chemistry laboratory now partners with biologists and clinicians to find new molecules and innovative strategies to treat disease. He and his colleagues at McMaster's Institute for Infectious Disease Research are working to discover new antibiotics to combat the threat of drug-resistant microbial infections.
Magolan has taught organic chemistry to hundreds of undergraduate students. He believes in the tremendous value of scientific literacy in society and loves to share his appreciation of science with the public. Magolan prepared this TEDx talk together with graphic designer Weston Durland, who was one of his chemistry students.
Jakob Magolan | Speaker | TED.com