James Beacham: How we explore unanswered questions in physics
جيمس بيتشام: كيف نستكشف الأسئلة الغير مجاب عنها في الفيزياء ؟
James Beacham is an experimental high-energy particle physicist working with the ATLAS collaboration at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. Full bio
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since I was a little kid.
for almost 100 years,
things in nature --
held together by gravity?
تتماسك معاً عن طريق الجاذبية؟
over questions just like this.
with microscopes and electromagnets,
about the forces of the small
that description matched up
we understand gravity,
there must be some elegant way
من وجود طريقة أنيقة
about these two realms separately,
كل على حدى،
them mathematically,
ببعض رياضياً،
this basically physics disaster,
to December of 2015,
being flipped on its head.
saw something intriguing in our data:
سيرن (المنظمة الاوروبية للابحاث النووية):
answer to this question.
عن ذلك السؤال.
little kid, I think,
Large Hadron Collider,
"مصادم الهدرونات الكبير"،
experiment ever mounted.
on the border of France and Switzerland
الفرنسية السويسرية طوله 27 كم
colder than outer space
برودة من الفضاء الخارجي
to almost the speed of light
يقارب سرعة الضوء
millions of times per second,
ملايين المرات في الثانية الواحدة،
fundamental particles.
يتم اكتشافها.
took decades of work
from around the globe,
من جميع أنحاء العالم ،
to switch on the LHC
"مصادم الهدرونات الكبير"
have ever used in a collider experiment.
الإطلاق في تجارب التصادم.
there is an equivalence
put there by nature.
a bigger, higher energy collider,
أكبر بطاقة اكبر ،
energy collider in the world
طاقة في العالم
quadrillions of times,
"كدريليون =ألف تريليون"
over months and months.
على مدار شهور وشهور.
in our data as bumps --
جديدة من هذه البيانات----
that make a smooth line not so smooth.
والتي لا تجعل الخط الأملس أملساً جداً .
of the Higgs particle --
for the confirmation of its existence.
that we as a species had ever had
long-standing questions,
طويلة الأمد ،
twice as much energy as we used
عن ما اعتدنا عليه
their entire careers for this moment,
للوصول الى هذه اللحظة ،
I'd been waiting for my entire life.
التي كنت انتظرها طوال حياتي.
and bit our fingernails,
وقرض أظافرنا ،
the first proton collisions
أول تصادم البروتون
in this brand-new data.
في هذا التاريخ الجديد
we found a bump.
وجدنا عثرة .
you raise your eyebrow.
لتجعلك ترفع حاجبك .
for eyebrow raises,
لرفع الحاجب ،
discovered a new particle,
جسيم جديد ،
in secret meetings,
في اجتماعات سرية ،
over this little bump,
حول تلك العثرة ،
ruthless experimental sticks
التي لاترحم .
of working feverishly --
and not going home,
for turning coffee into diagrams --
القهوة الى مخططات
with a very clear message:
مع رسالة واضحة :
but it's not definitive,
لكنها ليست حاسمة ،
as we take more data.
بينما نجمع المزيد من البيانات .
extremely cool about it.
قدر المستطاع حولها .
them of the little bump
toward the Higgs boson discovery.
هيغز بوزون
my theorist colleagues --
زملائي النظريين
500 papers about this little bump.
حول هذه العثرة الصغيرة .
had been flipped on its head.
رأساً على عقب .
to collectively lose their cool?
large number of collisions
of only two photons,
like automobile collisions.
at almost the speed of light,
بسرعة الضوء تقريباً،
عالم ميكانيكا الكم
can briefly create a new particle
خلق جسيم صغير لفترة وجيزة
that hit our detector.
تصطدم بكاشفنا .
where the two cars vanish upon impact,
كلا السيارتين بسبب التصادم
into two skateboards,
الى لوحي تزلج ،
hit out detector are very rare.
فهذا شيء نادر الحدوث جداً .
quantum properties of photons,
of possible new particles --
من الجسيمات الممكنة
that long-standing question
compared to the other forces of nature.
ببقية القوى في الطبيعة .
to the other forces of nature?
are perfectly described
مشروحة بشكل واضح
نسميه النموذج الأساسي ،
of nature at its smallest scales,
لأصغر المقاييس في الطبيعة .
achievements of humankind --
from the Standard Model.
في النموذج الأساسي
of gravity has gone missing.
proposes a wild solution.
non-controversial statement.
غير قابل لإثارة الجدل .
in three dimensions of space.
في فضاء ثلاثي الأبعاد .
in a three-dimensional field;
that we use to describe all this stuff
استخدمناها لوصف كل تلك الأشياء
three dimensions of space.
around with our math however we want.
مع الرياضيات كيفما شئنا.
with extra dimensions of space
mathematical concept.
you at the back, look around --
انظروا حولكم
three dimensions of space.
into an extra-spatial dimension
تتسرب لتصبح أبعاد آخرى إضافية
as the other forces
extra-spatial dimension,
من البعد الخارج المكاني
is a tiny slice of gravity
هو شريحة صغيرة من الجاذبية
our Standard Model of particles
القياسي للجسيمات
a hyperdimensional particle of gravity,
الأبعاد من الجاذبية
in extra-spatial dimensions.
بعد خارج مكاني .
this crazy, science fiction idea,
فكرة الخيال العلمي هذه ،
the collision reverberates
حدوث الاصطدام
that might be there,
يمكن أن يكون ثلاثة .
this hyperdimensional graviton
into the three dimensions of the LHC
extra-dimensional graviton
hypothetical new particles
two-photon bump.
من الفوتونيين
the mysteries of gravity
الذي يلم بالجاذبية
dimensions of space --
collectively lost their cool
هدوئهم بشكل جماعي
would rewrite the textbooks.
كتابة كتب الفيزياء
this work at the time,
a nice, crisp Nobel Prize --
الى جاائزة نوبل جميلة
the space around the bump
في الفضاء حول العثرة
several months later,
التي جمعناها لاحقاً بعد شهور ،
disappointment," on "faded hopes,"
" إخفاق كبير " ، " خيبة امل كبيرة "
to shut down the LHC and go home.
الLHC ونعود لمنازلنا
a particle -- and I didn't --
why am I here talking to you?
is cartography.
about the LHC for a second.
انسوا أمر LHC لثانية
arriving at a distant planet,
الى كوكب بعيد ،
land, take a quick look around
على مدار هذا الكوكب
obvious-to-spot particles,
on a distant mountain,
we saw it was a rock.
Do we just give up and fly away?
هل نستسلم ونطير بعيداً ؟
of decades exploring,
with a fine instrument,
show up immediately
فوراً
عندها ملاحظة المطبات ،
after years of data taking.
بعد سنوات من تحليل البيانات .
at the LHC at this big high energy,
على هذا المستوى المرتفع من الطاقة ،
we still find no new particles?
لا نجد جسيمات جديدة ؟
for a 100-kilometer tunnel
نفق بطول 10 كيلومتر
at 10 times the energy of the LHC.
بعشرة مرت أعلى طاقة من LHC
nature places new particles.
تلك الجزئيات الجديدة .
a 100-kilometer tunnel
collider floating in space
لمصادم يطير في الفضاء
particle physics wrong.
التطبيقية بشكل خاطئ
technology, expertise
والتقنيات ، والخبراء .
and machine learning techniques
وتعليم الآلة
a particle physics experiment
a hyperdimensional graviton.
غرافتيون عديد الأبعاد .
can't help us answer our questions?
اجابتنا عن سؤالنا ؟
for centuries,
for the foreseeable future?
للمستقبل المنظور؟
since I was a little kid
منذ كنت طفلاً صغيراً
in my lifetime?
أجوبة طوال حياتي ؟
in completely new ways.
بطريقة مختلفة كلياً
a flaw somewhere.
to join us in studying science
لينضموا لنا ويدرسوا العلوم
on these century-old problems.
لهذه المشاكل القديمة منذ عدة قرون .
and I'm still searching for them.
ومازالت ابحث عنهم
she's in school right now,
لا تزال في المدرسة الأن ،
in a completely new way,
بطريقة مختلفة كلياً ،
we're just asking the wrong questions.
أنفسنا الأسئلة الغلط .
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
James Beacham - Experimental particle physicistJames Beacham is an experimental high-energy particle physicist working with the ATLAS collaboration at CERN's Large Hadron Collider.
Why you should listen
As part of the ATLAS collaboration at CERN's Large Hadron Collider, one of the teams that discovered the Higgs boson in 2012, James Beacham is on the hunt for evidence of new particles -- dark photons, gravitons, dark matter and exotic Higgs bosons among them.
Previously, Beacham was part of a small team of researchers who, in 2009, searched for the Higgs boson in an unlikely place: data taken by the ALEPH experiment at CERN's Large Electron-Positron collider, nine years after it had stopped running. He has also worked with the APEX collaboration, a groundbreaking search for dark photons using existing particle physics facilities designed for very different purposes.
Beacham completed his PhD at New York University in 2014 and is currently a post-doctoral researcher with the ATLAS experiment group of the Ohio State University. He has been a guest on NPR's "Science Friday," participated in documentaries on the BBC and the Discovery Channel and talked particle physics with the New York Times and WIRED.
In addition to his ongoing research, Beacham is dedicated to making particle physics accessible to all. He has communicated science to the public with Symmetry Magazine, US/LHC, the Science Museum in London, the Institute of Physics, the World Science Fair and on the Web.
In 2015, Beacham organized Ex/Noise/CERN, a project colliding particle physics with experimental music to celebrate the LHC’s switch on to 13 trillion electron volts.
James Beacham | Speaker | TED.com