TED@Nairobi
Munir Virani: Why I love vultures
Munir Virani: Hvorfor jeg elsker gribbe
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Som naturlige skraldemænd er gribbe absolut nødvendige for vores økosystem -- så hvorfor al den dårlige omtale? Hvorfor er så mange truet af udryddelse? Raptorbiologen Munir Virani siger, vi skal lægge mere mærke til disse unikke og misforståede væsner for at ændre vores opfattelse og redde gribbene.
Munir Virani - Raptor biologist, wildlife photographer
Munir Virani is a raptor biologist and wildlife photographer, and Director of the Peregrine Fund Africa Program, devoted to conserving birds of prey. Full bio
Munir Virani is a raptor biologist and wildlife photographer, and Director of the Peregrine Fund Africa Program, devoted to conserving birds of prey. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I would like to talk to you about
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Jeg vil gerne tale til jer om
00:18
a very special group of animals.
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en meget speciel gruppe dyr.
00:20
There are 10,000 species of birds in the world.
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Der er 10.000 fuglearter i verden.
00:24
Vultures are amongst the most threatened group of birds.
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Gribbe er blandt den mest truede fuglegruppe.
00:29
When you see a vulture like this, the first thing
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Når man ser en grib som denne, er det første
00:32
that comes to your mind is, these are disgusting, ugly,
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man tænker, at de er ulækre, grimme,
00:36
greedy creatures that are just after your flesh,
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grådige skabninger, der bare er ude efter ens kød,
00:39
associated with politicians. (Laughter) (Applause)
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associeret med politikere. (Latter) (Bifald)
00:46
I want to change that perception. I want to change
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Jeg vil ændre den opfattelse. Jeg vil ændre
00:49
those feelings you have for these birds, because
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de følelser, I har for disse fugle, for
00:52
they need our sympathy. They really do. (Laughter)
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de har brug for vores sympati. Det har de virkelig. (Latter)
00:55
And I'll tell you why.
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Og jeg skal fortælle jer hvorfor.
00:56
First of all, why do they have such a bad press?
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For det første, hvorfor får de så dårlig omtale?
01:00
When Charles Darwin went across the Atlantic in 1832
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Da Charles Darwin krydsede atlanten i 1832
01:04
on the Beagle, he saw the turkey vulture,
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på Beagle, så han en kalkungrib,
01:07
and he said, "These are disgusting birds
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og han sagde, "Dette er ulækre fugle
01:10
with bald scarlet heads that are formed to revel in putridity." (Laughter)
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med skaldede, skarlagensrøde hoveder, der er formede til at svælge i forrådnelse." (Latter)
01:16
You could not get a worse insult, and that from Charles Darwin. (Laughter)
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Man kan ikke få en værre fornærmelse, og det endda fra Charles Darwin. (Latter)
01:21
You know, he changed his mind when he came back,
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Han ændrede mening, da han kom tilbage,
01:23
and I'll tell you why.
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og jeg skal fortælle hvorfor.
01:25
They've also be associated with Disney — (Laughter) —
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De er også blevet associeret med Disney -- (Latter) --
01:28
personified as goofy, dumb, stupid characters.
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personificeret som fjogede, dumme, tåbelige karakterer.
01:33
More recently, if you've been following the Kenyan press
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For nyligt, hvis man har fulgt den kenyanske presse
01:36
— (Laughter) (Applause) (Cheers) —
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-- (Latter) (Bifald) (Tilråb) --
01:44
these are the attributes that they associated
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dette er attributterne, som de associerede
01:47
the Kenyan MPs with. But I want to challenge that.
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med de kenyanske parlamentsmedlemmer. Men jeg vil udfordre det.
01:50
I want to challenge that. Do you know why?
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Jeg vil udfordre det. Ved I hvorfor?
01:53
Because MPs
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Fordi parlamentsmedlemmer
01:55
do not keep the environment clean. (Laughter)
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sørger ikke for at holde miljøet rent. (Latter)
02:00
MPs do not help to prevent the spread of diseases.
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Parlamentsmedlemmer hjælper ikke med at forhindre spredningen af sygdomme.
02:05
They are hardly monogamous. (Laughter) (Applause)
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Der er næppe monogame. (Latter) (Bifald)
02:12
They are far from being extinct. (Laughter)
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De er langt fra uddøde. (Latter)
02:15
And, my favorite is, vultures are better looking. (Applause) (Laughter)
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Og, min yndling er, gribbe ser bedre ud. (Bifald) (Latter)
02:22
So there's two types of vultures in this planet.
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Der er to typer gribbe på denne planet.
02:26
There are the New World vultures that are mainly found
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Der er vestgribbe, der hovedsageligt findes
02:29
in the Americas, like the condors and the caracaras,
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i Nord-, Syd- og Centralamerika, ligesom kondorerne og karakaerne,
02:32
and then the Old World vultures, where we have
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og så østgribbene, hvor vi har
02:34
16 species. From these 16, 11 of them are facing
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16 arter. Fra disse 16, står 11 over for
02:37
a high risk of extinction.
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en høj risiko af udryddelse.
02:40
So why are vultures important? First of all,
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Så hvorfor er gribbe vigtige? For det første
02:44
they provide vital ecological services. They clean up.
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leverer de en afgørende miljømæssig ydelse. De gør rent.
02:47
They're our natural garbage collectors.
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De er vores naturlige skraldemænd.
02:50
They clean up carcasses right to the bone.
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De rydder op i kadavere helt ind til benet.
02:52
They help to kill all the bacteria. They help absorb anthrax
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De hjælper med at dræbe alle bakterier. De hjælper med at absorbere miltbrand,
02:56
that would otherwise spread and cause
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der ellers ville sprede og forårsage
02:59
huge livestock losses and diseases in other animals.
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kæmpe tab i kreaturbesætninger og sygdomme i andre dyr.
03:03
Recent studies have shown that in areas where there are
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Nylige studier har vist, at i områder, hvor der ikke er
03:05
no vultures, carcasses take up to three to four times
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gribbe, kan kadavere tage op til tre til fire gange så lang tid
03:08
to decompose, and this has huge ramifications
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om at forrådne, og dette har kæmpe følger
03:11
for the spread of diseases.
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for spredningen af sygdomme.
03:14
Vultures also have tremendous historical significance.
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Gribbe har også enorm historisk indflydelse.
03:17
They have been associated in ancient Egyptian culture.
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De er blevet associeret med oldtidens ægyptisk kultur.
03:20
Nekhbet was the symbol of the protector
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Nekhbet var symbolet på beskytteren
03:24
and the motherhood, and together with the cobra,
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og moderskab og sammen med kobraen
03:27
symbolized the unity between Upper and Lower Egypt.
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symboliserede enheden mellem det øvre og det nedre Ægypten.
03:31
In Hindu mythology, Jatayu was the vulture god,
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I Hinduistisk mytologi, var Jatayu gribbeguden,
03:35
and he risked his life in order to save the goddess Sita
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og han satte sit liv på spil for at redde gudinden Sita
03:40
from the 10-headed demon Ravana.
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fra den ti hovedede dæmon Ravana.
03:43
In Tibetan culture, they are performing very important
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I tibetansk kultur udfører de meget vigtige
03:46
sky burials. In places like Tibet, there are no places
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himmelbegravelser. På steder som Tibet, er der ikke nogen steder
03:49
to bury the dead, or wood to cremate them,
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at begrave de døde, eller træ til at kremere dem,
03:52
so these vultures provide a natural disposal system.
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så disse gribbe leverer et naturligt affaldssystem.
03:56
So what is the problem with vultures?
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Så hvad er problemet med gribbe?
03:58
We have eight species of vultures that occur in Kenya,
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Vi har otte gribbearter i Kenya,
04:01
of which six are highly threatened with extinction.
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hvor seks af dem er særdeles truet af udryddelse.
04:05
The reason is that they're getting poisoned, and the reason
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Grunden er, at de bliver forgiftede, og grunden
04:08
that they're getting poisoned is because there's
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til, at de bliver forgiftede, er, fordi der er
04:10
human-wildlife conflicts. The pastoral communities
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menneskelige konflikter med dyrelivet. De idylliske samfund
04:13
are using this poison to target predators,
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bruger denne gift til at ramme rovdyr,
04:16
and in return, the vultures are falling victim to this.
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og i stedet bliver gribbene ofre for dette.
04:20
In South Asia, in countries like India and Pakistan,
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I Sydasien, i lande som Indien og Pakistan,
04:23
four species of vultures are listed as critically endangered,
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er fire arter af gribbe anført som værende kritisk truede,
04:26
which means they have less than 10 or 15 years to go extinct,
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hvilket betyder, der er mindre end 10 eller 15 år til, de er udryddet,
04:30
and the reason is because they are falling prey
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og grunden til det er, at de falder som ofre,
04:33
by consuming livestock that has been treated
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fordi de spiser kreaturer, der er truet
04:35
with a painkilling drug like Diclofenac.
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med smertestillende præparater som Diclofenac.
04:38
This drug has now been banned for veterinary use in India,
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Dette præparat er nu forbudt som veterinærpræparat i Indien,
04:41
and they have taken a stand.
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og de har indtaget et standpunkt.
04:44
Because there are no vultures, there's been a spread
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Fordi der er ikke nogen gribbe, har der været en udbredelse
04:46
in the numbers of feral dogs at carcass dump sites,
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i antallet af vilde hunde ved kadaverlossepladser,
04:49
and when you have feral dogs, you have a huge time bomb
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og når man har vilde hunde, har man en kæmpe tidsbombe
04:52
of rabies. The number of cases of rabies
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med rabies. Antallet af sager med rabies
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has increased tremendously in India.
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er steget enormt i Indien.
04:57
Kenya is going to have one of the largest wind farms in Africa:
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Kenya kommer til at have en af de største vindmølleparker i Afrika:
05:01
353 wind turbines are going to be up at Lake Turkana.
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353 vindmøller bliver sat op ved Lake Turkana.
05:04
I am not against wind energy, but we need to work
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Jeg er ikke imod vindenergi, men vi skal arbejde
05:06
with the governments, because wind turbines
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med regeringerne, fordi vindmøllerne
05:09
do this to birds. They slice them in half.
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gør dette mod fuglene. De skærer dem midt over.
05:12
They are bird-blending machines.
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De er fugle blendere.
05:15
In West Africa, there's a horrific trade
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I Vestafrika er der en frygtelig handel
05:18
of dead vultures to serve the witchcraft and the fetish market.
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med døde gribbe, der tjener heksekunst- og fetishmarkedet.
05:23
So what's being done? Well, we're conducting research
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Så hvad bliver der gjort? Jamen, vi udfører forskning
05:26
on these birds. We're putting transmitters on them.
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på disse fugle. Vi sætter sendere på dem.
05:29
We're trying to determine their basic ecology,
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Vi prøver at afgøre deres basale økologi
05:31
and see where they go.
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og se, hvor de går hen.
05:34
We can see that they travel different countries, so
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Vi kan se, at de rejser til forskellige lande, så
05:36
if you focus on a problem locally, it's not going to help you.
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hvis man fokuserer på et problem lokalt, vil det ikke hjælpe en.
05:39
We need to work with governments in regional levels.
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Vi skal arbejde med regeringerne på regionale niveauer.
05:42
We're working with local communities.
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Vi arbejder med lokale samfund.
05:45
We're talking to them about appreciating vultures,
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Vi taler med dem for at værdsætte gribbe,
05:48
about the need from within to appreciate these
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om nødvendigheden af at værdsætte disse smukke
05:51
wonderful creatures and the services that they provide.
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dyr indefra, og den ydelse de leverer.
05:54
How can you help? You can become active,
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Hvordan kan man hjælpe? Man kan blive aktiv,
05:57
make noise. You can write a letter to your government
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lav larm. Man kan skrive et brev til sin regering
05:59
and tell them that we need to focus on these very
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og fortælle dem, at vi skal fokusere på disse meget
06:02
misunderstood creatures. Volunteer your time
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misforståede dyr. Tilbyde sin tid
06:05
to spread the word. Spread the word.
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til at sprede budskabet. Spred budskabet.
06:07
When you walk out of this room, you will be informed
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Når I går ud af dette lokale, vil I være informeret
06:10
about vultures, but speak to your families, to your children,
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om gribbe, men tal med jeres familier, med jeres børn,
06:13
to your neighbors about vultures.
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med jeres naboer om gribbe.
06:15
They are very graceful. Charles Darwin said
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De er meget yndefulde. Charles Darwin sagde,
06:18
he changed his mind because he watched them fly
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at han ændrede mening, fordi han så dem flyve
06:21
effortlessly without energy in the skies.
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ubesværet uden energi i himlen.
06:24
Kenya, this world, will be much poorer
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Kenya, denne verden, vil være meget mere fattig
06:27
without these wonderful species.
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uden denne vidunderlige art.
06:30
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Mange tak. (Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Munir Virani - Raptor biologist, wildlife photographerMunir Virani is a raptor biologist and wildlife photographer, and Director of the Peregrine Fund Africa Program, devoted to conserving birds of prey.
Why you should listen
Native Nairobian Munir Virani's young passion may have been cricket, but it was during his tournament prize trips to game reserves that he found his true calling: wildlife. Specifically, the kind of wildlife people are disgusted by. More specifically, birds of prey. Munir earned a college degree in zoology and began working as a raptor biologist at the Peregrine Fund, devoted to the conservation of birds of prey worldwide, where he later became the Director of the Africa Program.
Munir Virani | Speaker | TED.com