TED@Nairobi
Munir Virani: Why I love vultures
Munir Virani: Zašto volim strvinare
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Kao prirodni skupljači smeća, strvinari su od životne važnosti za naš ekosustav -- zašto su onda na lošem glasu? Zašto ih je toliko u opasnosti od istrebljenja? Munir Virani, biolog koji proučava ptice grabljivice, kaže da moramo posvetiti više pažnje ovim jedinstvenim i neshvaćenim bićima kako bismo promijenili svoj pogled na njih i spasili ih.
Munir Virani - Raptor biologist, wildlife photographer
Munir Virani is a raptor biologist and wildlife photographer, and Director of the Peregrine Fund Africa Program, devoted to conserving birds of prey. Full bio
Munir Virani is a raptor biologist and wildlife photographer, and Director of the Peregrine Fund Africa Program, devoted to conserving birds of prey. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I would like to talk to you about
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Želio bih govoriti
00:18
a very special group of animals.
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o jednoj vrlo posebnoj skupini životinja.
00:20
There are 10,000 species of birds in the world.
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Na svijetu postoji 10.000 vrsta ptica.
00:24
Vultures are amongst the most threatened group of birds.
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Strvinari su među najugroženijim pticama.
00:29
When you see a vulture like this, the first thing
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Kad vidite ovakvog strvinara, prvo pomislite
00:32
that comes to your mind is, these are disgusting, ugly,
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da su to odvratna, ružna,
00:36
greedy creatures that are just after your flesh,
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proždrljiva bića koja samo žele vaše meso,
00:39
associated with politicians. (Laughter) (Applause)
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poput političara. (Smijeh) (Pljesak)
00:46
I want to change that perception. I want to change
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Želim promijeniti način gledanja na njih
00:49
those feelings you have for these birds, because
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i osjećaje koje imate prema ovim pticama
00:52
they need our sympathy. They really do. (Laughter)
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jer one trebaju našu naklonost.
Zbilja je trebaju. (Smijeh)
Zbilja je trebaju. (Smijeh)
00:55
And I'll tell you why.
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Reći ću vam zašto.
00:56
First of all, why do they have such a bad press?
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Kao prvo, zašto su na tako lošem glasu?
01:00
When Charles Darwin went across the Atlantic in 1832
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Kad je 1832. godine Charles Darwin
prešao Atlantski ocean
prešao Atlantski ocean
01:04
on the Beagle, he saw the turkey vulture,
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na brodu Beagle, vidio je
karipskog strvinara (Cathartes aura)
karipskog strvinara (Cathartes aura)
01:07
and he said, "These are disgusting birds
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i rekao: "To su odvratne ptice
01:10
with bald scarlet heads that are formed to revel in putridity." (Laughter)
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s ćelavim crvenim glavama,
stvorene za gošćenje na truleži." (Smijeh)
stvorene za gošćenje na truleži." (Smijeh)
01:16
You could not get a worse insult, and that from Charles Darwin. (Laughter)
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Ne postoji gora uvreda,
i to od samog Charlesa Darwina. (Smijeh)
i to od samog Charlesa Darwina. (Smijeh)
01:21
You know, he changed his mind when he came back,
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Ali promijenio je mišljenje kad se vratio
01:23
and I'll tell you why.
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i reći ću vam zašto.
01:25
They've also be associated with Disney — (Laughter) —
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Povezani su i s Disneyem -- (Smijeh) --
01:28
personified as goofy, dumb, stupid characters.
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okarakterizirani su kao budalasti, glupi likovi.
01:33
More recently, if you've been following the Kenyan press
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U skorije vrijeme, pratio sam kenijski tisak
01:36
— (Laughter) (Applause) (Cheers) —
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-- (Smijeh) (Pljesak) (Uzvici) --
01:44
these are the attributes that they associated
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ovo su osobine s kojima su povezali
01:47
the Kenyan MPs with. But I want to challenge that.
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kenijske zastupnike u parlamentu. Ali želim to osporiti.
01:50
I want to challenge that. Do you know why?
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Želim to osporiti. Znate zašto?
01:53
Because MPs
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Zato što zastupnici
01:55
do not keep the environment clean. (Laughter)
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ne održavaju okoliš čistim. (Smijeh)
02:00
MPs do not help to prevent the spread of diseases.
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Zastupnici ne pomažu u suzbijanju širenja bolesti.
02:05
They are hardly monogamous. (Laughter) (Applause)
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Rijetko su monogamni. (Smijeh) (Pljesak)
02:12
They are far from being extinct. (Laughter)
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Nisu ni blizu istrebljenja. (Smijeh)
02:15
And, my favorite is, vultures are better looking. (Applause) (Laughter)
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I, meni najdraže, strvinari su zgodniji od njih.
(Pljesak) (Smijeh)
(Pljesak) (Smijeh)
02:22
So there's two types of vultures in this planet.
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Na svijetu postoje dvije vrste strvinara.
02:26
There are the New World vultures that are mainly found
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Postoje strvinari Novog svijeta, koji većinom žive
02:29
in the Americas, like the condors and the caracaras,
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u Sjevernoj i Južnoj Americi,
poput kondora i caracara,
poput kondora i caracara,
02:32
and then the Old World vultures, where we have
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te strvinari Starog svijeta, gdje spada 16 vrsta.
02:34
16 species. From these 16, 11 of them are facing
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Od tih 16 vrsta, 11 ih je
02:37
a high risk of extinction.
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pred velikim rizikom od istrebljenja.
02:40
So why are vultures important? First of all,
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Zašto su strvinari važni? Kao prvo,
02:44
they provide vital ecological services. They clean up.
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daju ključne ekološke usluge. Oni čiste.
02:47
They're our natural garbage collectors.
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Oni su naši prirodni skupljači smeća.
02:50
They clean up carcasses right to the bone.
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Čiste leševe sve do kosti.
02:52
They help to kill all the bacteria. They help absorb anthrax
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Pomažu ubiti sve bakterije. Pomažu upiti antraks
02:56
that would otherwise spread and cause
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koji bi se inače širio i prouzročio
02:59
huge livestock losses and diseases in other animals.
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velike gubitke stoke te bolesti kod drugih životinja.
03:03
Recent studies have shown that in areas where there are
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Novija istraživanja pokazala su da u područjima
03:05
no vultures, carcasses take up to three to four times
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gdje nema strvinara
leševima treba tri do četiri puta dulje
leševima treba tri do četiri puta dulje
03:08
to decompose, and this has huge ramifications
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da istrunu, što ima ogromne posljedice
03:11
for the spread of diseases.
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na širenje bolesti.
03:14
Vultures also have tremendous historical significance.
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Strvinari imaju i velik povijesni značaj.
03:17
They have been associated in ancient Egyptian culture.
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Bili su simbol u staroegipatskoj kulturi.
03:20
Nekhbet was the symbol of the protector
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Nekhbet je bila simbol zaštitnice
03:24
and the motherhood, and together with the cobra,
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i majčinstva, a zajedno s kobrom,
03:27
symbolized the unity between Upper and Lower Egypt.
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simbolizirala je jedinstvo Gornjeg i Donjeg Egipta.
03:31
In Hindu mythology, Jatayu was the vulture god,
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U hinduskoj mitologiji, Jatayu je bio bog strvinar
03:35
and he risked his life in order to save the goddess Sita
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i riskirao je svoj život kako bi spasio boginju Situ
03:40
from the 10-headed demon Ravana.
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od Ravane, demona s 10 glava.
03:43
In Tibetan culture, they are performing very important
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U tibetanskoj kulturi, izvode se vrlo važni
03:46
sky burials. In places like Tibet, there are no places
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nebeski pogrebi. U mjestima
poput Tibeta nema se gdje
poput Tibeta nema se gdje
03:49
to bury the dead, or wood to cremate them,
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sahraniti mrtve, a nema ni drveta za kremaciju
03:52
so these vultures provide a natural disposal system.
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pa su strvinari prirodni način odlaganja.
03:56
So what is the problem with vultures?
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Koji je onda problem sa strvinarima?
03:58
We have eight species of vultures that occur in Kenya,
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Postoji osam vrsta strvinara u Keniji,
04:01
of which six are highly threatened with extinction.
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od kojih je šest pred istrebljenjem.
04:05
The reason is that they're getting poisoned, and the reason
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To je tako jer se otruju, a razlog
04:08
that they're getting poisoned is because there's
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tome je taj što postoje konflikti
04:10
human-wildlife conflicts. The pastoral communities
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između ljudi i divljači. Pastirske zajednice
04:13
are using this poison to target predators,
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koriste otrov zbog grabežljivaca,
04:16
and in return, the vultures are falling victim to this.
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a zbog toga stradavaju strvinari.
04:20
In South Asia, in countries like India and Pakistan,
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U Južnoj Aziji, u zemljama poput Indije i Pakistana,
04:23
four species of vultures are listed as critically endangered,
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4 vrste strvinara vode se kao kritično ugrožene,
04:26
which means they have less than 10 or 15 years to go extinct,
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što znači da imaju manje
od 10 - 15 godina do istrebljenja,
od 10 - 15 godina do istrebljenja,
04:30
and the reason is because they are falling prey
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a to je tako jer ugibaju
04:33
by consuming livestock that has been treated
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zbog hranjenja stokom koja je tretirana
04:35
with a painkilling drug like Diclofenac.
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sredstvima protiv bolova, primjerice Diclofenacom.
04:38
This drug has now been banned for veterinary use in India,
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Veterinarima u Indiji taj je lijek
danas zabranjeno koristiti
danas zabranjeno koristiti
04:41
and they have taken a stand.
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i oni su se tome usprotivili.
04:44
Because there are no vultures, there's been a spread
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Kako nema strvinara, povećao se
04:46
in the numbers of feral dogs at carcass dump sites,
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broj divljih pasa na odlagalištima leševa,
04:49
and when you have feral dogs, you have a huge time bomb
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a kad imate divlje pse, imate
ogromnu tempiranu bombu bjesnoće.
ogromnu tempiranu bombu bjesnoće.
04:52
of rabies. The number of cases of rabies
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Broj slučajeva bjesnoće
04:55
has increased tremendously in India.
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jako se povećao u Indiji.
04:57
Kenya is going to have one of the largest wind farms in Africa:
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Kenija će imati jednu
od najvećih vjetroelektrana u Africi:
od najvećih vjetroelektrana u Africi:
05:01
353 wind turbines are going to be up at Lake Turkana.
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kod jezera Turkana postavit će se 353 vjetrenjače.
05:04
I am not against wind energy, but we need to work
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Nisam protiv vjetroenergije, ali moramo poraditi
05:06
with the governments, because wind turbines
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s vladama zato što vjetrenjače
05:09
do this to birds. They slice them in half.
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prerežu ptice na pola.
05:12
They are bird-blending machines.
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To su sjeckalice za ptice.
05:15
In West Africa, there's a horrific trade
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U Zapadnoj Africi odvija se zastrašujuća preprodaja
05:18
of dead vultures to serve the witchcraft and the fetish market.
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mrtvih strvinara na tržištima za vračanje i fetiš.
05:23
So what's being done? Well, we're conducting research
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Što se poduzima? Provodimo istraživanje
05:26
on these birds. We're putting transmitters on them.
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o ovim pticama. Stavljamo odašiljače na njih.
05:29
We're trying to determine their basic ecology,
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Pokušavamo odrediti njihov osnovni okoliš
05:31
and see where they go.
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i saznati kuda se kreću.
05:34
We can see that they travel different countries, so
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Možemo vidjeti da putuju kroz različite zemlje
05:36
if you focus on a problem locally, it's not going to help you.
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pa nema koristi usredotočiti se na problem na lokalnoj razini.
05:39
We need to work with governments in regional levels.
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Moramo raditi s vladama na regionalnoj razini.
05:42
We're working with local communities.
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Radimo s lokalnim zajednicama.
05:45
We're talking to them about appreciating vultures,
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Govorimo im da treba cijeniti strvinare,
05:48
about the need from within to appreciate these
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o potrebi iznutra da se cijene
05:51
wonderful creatures and the services that they provide.
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ta prekrasna bića i usluge koje ona pružaju.
05:54
How can you help? You can become active,
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Kako vi možete pomoći? Možete se aktivirati
05:57
make noise. You can write a letter to your government
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podići svoj glas. Možete napisati pismo svojoj vladi
05:59
and tell them that we need to focus on these very
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i reći da se moramo usredotočiti
06:02
misunderstood creatures. Volunteer your time
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na ova vrlo neshvaćena bića.
Podarite svoje vrijeme
Podarite svoje vrijeme
06:05
to spread the word. Spread the word.
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da bi se proširila vijest. Proširite vijest.
06:07
When you walk out of this room, you will be informed
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Kad izađete odavde, bit ćete informirani
06:10
about vultures, but speak to your families, to your children,
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o strvinarima, ali razgovarajte
sa svojim obiteljima, sa svojom djecom,
sa svojim obiteljima, sa svojom djecom,
06:13
to your neighbors about vultures.
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sa svojim susjedima o strvinarima.
06:15
They are very graceful. Charles Darwin said
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Vrlo su graciozni. Charles Darwin rekao je
06:18
he changed his mind because he watched them fly
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da je promijenio mišljenje
zato što ih je gledao kako
zato što ih je gledao kako
06:21
effortlessly without energy in the skies.
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bez ikakvog napora lete nebom.
06:24
Kenya, this world, will be much poorer
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Kenija, ovaj će svijet biti mnogo siromašniji
06:27
without these wonderful species.
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bez ove prekrasne vrste.
06:30
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Puno hvala. (Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Munir Virani - Raptor biologist, wildlife photographerMunir Virani is a raptor biologist and wildlife photographer, and Director of the Peregrine Fund Africa Program, devoted to conserving birds of prey.
Why you should listen
Native Nairobian Munir Virani's young passion may have been cricket, but it was during his tournament prize trips to game reserves that he found his true calling: wildlife. Specifically, the kind of wildlife people are disgusted by. More specifically, birds of prey. Munir earned a college degree in zoology and began working as a raptor biologist at the Peregrine Fund, devoted to the conservation of birds of prey worldwide, where he later became the Director of the Africa Program.
Munir Virani | Speaker | TED.com