TEDGlobal 2010
Julian Treasure: Shh! Sound health in 8 steps
Julian Treasure: Shh! Godt lydhelbred på otte trin
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Julian Treasure siger at vores tiltagende larmende verden nedbryder vores mentale helbred -- endda koster liv. Han fremlægger en 8-trins plan til at dæmpe dette soniske angreb (begyndende med de billige ørepropper) og genoprette vores forhold til lyd.
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The Hindus say, "Nada brahma,"
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Hinduerne siger, "Nada brahma,"
00:18
one translation of which is, "The world is sound."
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hvor en oversættelse lyder, "Verden er lyd."
00:21
And in a way, that's true, because everything is vibrating.
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Og på en måde, er det rigtigt fordi alt vibrerer.
00:24
In fact, all of you as you sit here right now are vibrating.
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Faktisk, alle jer der sidder her lige nu vibrerer.
00:27
Every part of your body is vibrating at different frequencies.
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Hver del af ens krop vibrerer ved forskellige frekvenser.
00:30
So you are, in fact, a chord --
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Så man er, faktisk, en streng --
00:32
each of you an individual chord.
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I er hver især en streng.
00:34
One definition of health may be
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En definition af helbred kunne være
00:36
that that chord is in complete harmony.
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at den streng er i fuldstændig harmoni.
00:38
Your ears can't hear that chord;
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Ens ører kan ikke høre den streng;
00:40
they can actually hear amazing things. Your ears can hear 10 octaves.
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de kan faktisk høre forbløffende ting. Ens ører kan høre 10 oktaver.
00:43
Incidentally, we see just one octave.
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I øvrigt kan vi kun se en oktav.
00:46
Your ears are always on -- you have no ear lids.
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Ens ører er altid tændt -- man har ikke ørelåg.
00:48
They work even when you sleep.
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De arbejder endda når man sover.
00:50
The smallest sound you can perceive
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Den laveste lyd man kan opfatte
00:52
moves your eardrum just four atomic diameters.
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flytter kun ens trommehinde fire atomiske diametre.
00:55
The loudest sound you can hear
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Den højeste lyd man kan høre
00:57
is a trillion times more powerful than that.
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er en milliard gange højere end det.
00:59
Ears are made not for hearing,
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Ører ikke lavet til at høre,
01:01
but for listening.
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men til at lytte.
01:03
Listening is an active skill,
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At lytte er en aktiv egenskab,
01:05
whereas hearing is passive, listening is something that we have to work at --
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hvorimod at høre er passivt, lytte er noget vi skal arbejde for --
01:08
it's a relationship with sound.
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det er et forhold med lyden.
01:10
And yet it's a skill that none of us are taught.
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Og alligevel er det ikke en egenskab vi bliver lært.
01:12
For example, have you ever considered that there are listening positions,
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For eksempel, har I nogensinde overvejet at der er lytte positioner,
01:15
places you can listen from?
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steder hvor man kan lytte fra?
01:17
Here are two of them.
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Her er to af dem.
01:19
Reductive listening is listening "for."
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Reduktiv lytning er at lytte "efter".
01:21
It reduces everything down to what's relevant
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Det reducerer alt ned til det der er relevant,
01:24
and it discards everything that's not relevant.
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og det kasserer alt det der ikke er relevant.
01:26
Men typically listen reductively.
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Mænd lytter typisk reduktivt.
01:28
So he's saying, "I've got this problem."
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Så han siger, "Jeg har dette problem."
01:30
He's saying, "Here's your solution. Thanks very much. Next."
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Han siger, "Her er din løsning. Mange tak. Næste."
01:32
That's the way we talk, right guys?
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Det er måden hvorpå vi taler, ikke gutter?
01:34
Expansive listening, on the other hand,
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Ekspansiv lytning, på den anden side,
01:36
is listening "with," not listening "for."
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er at lytte "med", ikke at lytte "efter".
01:38
It's got no destination in mind --
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Det er ikke nogen destination i tankerne --
01:40
it's just enjoying the journey.
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det handler bare om at nyde turen.
01:42
Women typically listen expansively.
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Kvinder lytter typisk ekspansivt.
01:44
If you look at these two, eye contact, facing each other,
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Hvis man kigger på disse to, øjenkontakt, står overfor hinanden,
01:46
possibly both talking at the same time.
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taler muligvis begge samtidig.
01:48
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
01:51
Men, if you get nothing else out of this talk,
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Mænd, hvis I ikke får andet ud af dette foredrag,
01:53
practice expansive listening,
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øv jer i ekspansiv lytning,
01:55
and you can transform your relationships.
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og man kan forvandle sine forhold.
01:57
The trouble with listening is that so much of what we hear
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Problemet med at lytte er, at så meget af det vi hører
02:00
is noise, surrounding us all the time.
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er larm, der omgiver os hele tiden.
02:03
Noise like this, according to the European Union,
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Larm som dette, ifølge EU,
02:06
is reducing the health and the quality of life
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reducerer helbredet og livskvaliteten
02:08
of 25 percent
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på 25
02:10
of the population of Europe.
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af Europas befolkning.
02:12
Two percent of the population of Europe --
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To procent af befolkningen i Europa --
02:14
that's 16 million people --
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det er 16 millioner mennesker --
02:16
are having their sleep devastated
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får ødelagt deres søvn
02:18
by noise like that.
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af den slags larm.
02:20
Noise kills
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Larm dræber
02:22
200,000 people a year in Europe.
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200.000 mennesker om året i Europa.
02:24
It's a really big problem.
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Det ar et virkelig stort problem.
02:26
Now, when you were little, if you had noise and you didn't want to hear it,
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Nuvel, da man var lille, hvis der var larm og man ikke ville høre det,
02:28
you'd stick your fingers in your ears and hum.
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puttede man fingrene i ørerne og nynnede.
02:30
These days, you can do a similar thing, it just looks a bit cooler.
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Disse dage, kan man gøre noget lignende, det ser bare lidt sejere ud.
02:33
It looks a bit like this.
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Det ligner lidt det her.
02:35
The trouble with widespread headphone use
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Problemet med udbredt brug af hovedtelefoner
02:37
is it brings three really big health issues.
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er at det medbringer tre virkelig store helbredsproblemer.
02:40
The first really big health issue is a word that Murray Schafer coined:
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Den første virkelig store helbreds problemstilling er et ord som Murray Schafer opfandt:
02:43
"schizophonia."
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"skizofoni."
02:45
It's a dislocation
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Det er en forskydning
02:47
between what you see and what you hear.
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mellem det man ser og det man hører.
02:49
So, we're inviting into our lives
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Så, ind i vores liv inviterer vi
02:51
the voices of people who are not present with us.
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stemmerne af mennesker der ikke er tilstede.
02:54
I think there's something deeply unhealthy
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Jeg mener der er noget dybt usundt
02:56
about living all the time in schizophonia.
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ved hele tiden at leve i skizofoni.
02:58
The second problem that comes with headphone abuse
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Det andet problem der kommer med hovedtelefon misbrug
03:00
is compression.
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er kompression.
03:02
We squash music to fit it into our pocket
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Vi maser musik til at kunne være i vores lomme
03:04
and there is a cost attached to this.
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og det koster ikke noget at gøre det.
03:06
Listen to this -- this is an uncompressed piece of music.
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Lyt til dette -- dette er et ukomprimeret stykke musik.
03:09
(Music)
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(Musik)
03:15
And now the same piece of music with 98 percent of the data removed.
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Og nu det samme stykke musik, hvor 98 procent af dataene er fjernet.
03:18
(Music)
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(Musik)
03:22
I do hope that some of you at least
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Jeg håber at i det mindste nogle af jer
03:24
can hear the difference between those two.
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kan høre forskellen på de to.
03:26
There is a cost of compression.
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Det er omkostningen ved kompression.
03:28
It makes you tired and irritable to have to make up all of that data.
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Det gør en træt og irritabel at være nød til at opfinde alle disse data.
03:30
You're having to imagine it.
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Man er nød til at opfinde det.
03:32
It's not good for you in the long run.
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Det er ikke sundt for en på lang sigt.
03:34
The third problem with headphones is this: deafness --
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Det tredje problem med hovedtelefoner er dette: døvhed --
03:37
noise-induced hearing disorder.
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larm foranlediget høre forstyrrelse.
03:39
Ten million Americans already have this for one reason or another,
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Ti millioner amerikanere har allerede dette, af den ene eller anden årsag,
03:42
but really worryingly,
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men virkelig foruroligende,
03:44
16 percent --
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16 procent --
03:46
roughly one in six -- of American teenagers
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groft sagt en ud af seks -- af amerikanske teenagere
03:48
suffer from noise-induced hearing disorder
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lider af larm foranlediget høre forstyrrelse
03:50
as a result of headphone abuse.
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som følge af hovedtelefon misbrug.
03:53
One study at an American university
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Et studie ved et amerikansk universitet
03:55
found that 61 percent of college freshmen
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viste at 61 procent af førsteårs universitetsstuderende
03:58
had damaged hearing
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havde nedsat hørelse
04:00
as a result of headphone abuse.
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som et resultat af hovedtelefon misbrug.
04:02
We may be raising an entire generation of deaf people.
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Vi opdrager måske en hel generation af døve mennesker.
04:05
Now that's a really serious problem.
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Det er virkelig et alvorligt problem.
04:07
I'll give you three quick tips to protect your ears
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Jeg giver jer tre hurtige tips til at beskytte jeres ører
04:09
and pass these on to your children, please.
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og giv dette venligst videre til jeres børn.
04:11
Professional hearing protectors are great;
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Professionelle høreværn er gode;
04:13
I use some all the time.
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jeg bruger dem hele tiden.
04:15
If you're going to use headphones, buy the best ones you can afford
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Hvis du vil bruge hovedtelefoner, køb de bedste du har råd til
04:18
because quality means you don't have to have it so loud.
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fordi kvalitet betyder at man ikke behøver at spille så højt.
04:20
If you can't hear somebody talking to you in a loud voice,
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Hvis man ikke kan høre nogen tale til en med høj stemmeføring,
04:22
it's too loud.
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er det for højt.
04:24
And thirdly, if you're in bad sound,
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Og for det tredje, hvis man er omgivet af dårlig lyd,
04:26
it's fine to put your fingers in your ears or just move away from it.
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er det fint at putte fingrene i ørerne eller bare gå væk fra det.
04:28
Protect your ears in that way.
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Beskyt dine ører på den måde.
04:30
Let's move away from bad sound and look at some friends that I urge you to seek out.
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Lad os gå væk fra dårlig lyd og kigge på nogle venner som jeg vil anspore jer til at opsøge dem.
04:33
WWB:
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VVF:
04:35
Wind, water, birds --
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Vind, vand, fugle --
04:38
stochastic natural sounds
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tilfældige naturlige lyde
04:40
composed of lots of individual random events,
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der består af mange individuelle, tilfældige begivenheder,
04:43
all of it very healthy,
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alt sammen meget sundt,
04:45
all of it sound that we evolved to over the years.
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alt sammen lyd som vi er udviklet til i løbet af årene.
04:47
Seek those sounds out; they're good for you and so it this.
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Opsøg disse lyde; de er sunde for dig, og sådan er det.
04:53
Silence is beautiful.
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Stilhed er smukt.
04:55
The Elizabethans described language
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Elizabethanerne beskrev sprog
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as decorated silence.
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som pyntet stilhed.
04:59
I urge you to move away from silence with intention
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Jeg opfordrer jer til at flytte jer fra stilhed med vilje
05:02
and to design soundscapes just like works of art.
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og til at designe lydlandskaber ligesom kunstværker.
05:05
Have a foreground, a background, all in beautiful proportion.
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Hav en forgrund, en baggrund, alt sammen i en smuk proportion.
05:08
It's fun to get into designing with sound.
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Det er sjovt at designe med lyd.
05:10
If you can't do it yourself, get a professional to do it for you.
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Hvis man ikke kan gøre det selv, så få en professionel til at gøre det for dig.
05:13
Sound design is the future,
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Lyd design er fremtiden,
05:15
and I think it's the way we're going to change the way the world sounds.
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og jeg tror det er måden hvorpå vi kommer ti at ændre måden verden lyder på.
05:18
I'm going to just run quickly through eight modalities,
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Jeg gennemgår lige hurtigt otte behandlingsmetoder,
05:20
eight ways sound can improve health.
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otte måder hvorpå lyd kan forbedre helbredet.
05:23
First, ultrasound: we're very familiar with it from physical therapy;
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Først, ultralyd: vi kender det rigtig godt fra fysisk terapi;
05:26
it's also now being used to treat cancer.
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nu bliver det også brugt til at behandle kræft.
05:28
Lithotripsy -- saving thousands of people a year from the scalpel
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Lythotripsi -- redder tusindvis af folk om året fra skalpellen
05:31
by pulverizing stones with high-intensity sound.
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ved at pulverisere sten med høj intensitets lyd.
05:34
Sound healing is a wonderful modality.
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Lyd healing er en vidunderlig behandlingsmetode.
05:36
It's been around for thousands of years.
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Det har været der i tusinevis af år.
05:38
I do urge you to explore this.
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Jeg opfordrer jer til at udforske det.
05:40
There are great things being done there, treating now autism,
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Der bliver gjort store ting der, behandler nu autisme,
05:42
dementia and other conditions.
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demens og andre lidelser.
05:44
And music, of course. Just listening to music is good for you,
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Og musik, selvfølgelig. Bare det at lytte til musik er sundt for en,
05:47
if it's music that's made with good intention,
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hvis det er musik lavet med gode intentioner,
05:49
made with love, generally.
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lavet med kærlighed, generelt.
05:51
Devotional music, good -- Mozart, good.
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Opbyggelig musik, godt -- Mozart, godt.
05:53
There are all sorts of types of music
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Der er alle mulige slags musik
05:55
that are very healthy.
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der er meget sunde.
05:57
And four modalities where you need to take some action
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Og fire behandlingsmetoder hvor man skal gøre noget
05:59
and get involved.
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og blive involveret.
06:01
First of all, listen consciously.
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For det første, lyt bevidst.
06:03
I hope that that after this talk you'll be doing that.
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Jeg håber at I efter dette foredrag vil gøre det.
06:05
It's a whole new dimension to your life and it's wonderful to have that dimension.
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Det er en helt ny dimension til ens liv og det er vidunderligt at have den dimension.
06:08
Secondly, get in touch with making some sound --
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For det andet, få føling med at lave nogle lyde --
06:11
create sound.
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skabe lyd.
06:13
The voice is the instrument we all play,
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Stemmen er det instrument vi alle spiller på,
06:15
and yet how many of us are trained in using our voice? Get trained;
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og alligevel, hvor mange af os er trænet til at bruge vores stemme? Bliv trænet;
06:18
learn to sing, learn to play an instrument.
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lær at synge, lær at spille et instrument.
06:20
Musicians have bigger brains -- it's true.
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Musikere har større hjerner -- det er rigtigt.
06:23
You can do this in groups as well.
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Man kan også gøre dette i grupper.
06:25
It's a fantastic antidote to schizophonia;
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Det er et fantastisk middel mod skizofoni;
06:27
to make music and sound in a group of people,
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at lave musik og lyde i en gruppe af mennesker,
06:29
whichever style you enjoy particularly.
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uanset hvilken stil man holder af.
06:32
And let's take a stewarding role for the sound around us.
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Og lad os indtage en forvaltende rolle overfor lydende omkring os.
06:34
Protect your ears? Yes, absolutely.
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Beskyt ens ører? Ja, bestemt.
06:36
Design soundscapes to be beautiful around you
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Design lydlandskaber til at være smukke omkring en
06:38
at home and at work.
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hjemme og på arbejde.
06:40
And let's start to speak up
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Og lad os begynde at sige vores mening
06:42
when people are assailing us
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når mennesker overfalder os
06:44
with the noise that I played you early on.
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med den slags lyd som jeg overfaldt jer med tidligere.
06:46
So I'm going to leave you with seven things you can do right now
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Så jeg vil forlade jer med syv ting som man kan gøre lige nu
06:49
to improve your health with sound.
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til at forbedre ens helbred med lyd.
06:51
My vision is of a world that sounds beautiful
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Min vision er en verden der lyder smuk
06:54
and if we all start doing these things,
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og hvis vi begynder at gøre alle disse ting,
06:56
we will take a very big step in that direction.
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vil vi tage et meget stort skridt i den retning.
06:58
So I urge you to take that path.
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Så jeg tilskynder jer til at tage den vej.
07:01
I'm leaving you with a little more birdsong, which is very good for you.
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Jeg forlader jeg med en lille smule mere fuglesang, hvilket er meget sundt for jer.
07:03
I wish you sound health.
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Jeg ønsker jer godt lyd helbred.
07:05
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultantJulian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.
Why you should listen
Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?
Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com