TED2010
Jonathan Klein: Photos that changed the world
Jonathan Klein: Mundua aldatu duten argazkiak
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Argazkiek historia dokumentatu baino gehiago egiten dute, historia bera egiten dute. TED Unibertsitatean, Getty Images-ko Jonhathan Kleinek argazkirik ikonikoenak erakutsiko dizkigu, eta kontatuko digu zer gertatzen den belaunaldi batek hain argazki indartsua ikusten duenean, non ezin duen begirada hortik kendu, edo ezta atzera begiratu ere.
Jonathan Klein - Executive
Jonathan Klein runs Getty Images, a stock photo agency whose vast archive of still photography and illustrations is a mainstay of the creative class. Full bio
Jonathan Klein runs Getty Images, a stock photo agency whose vast archive of still photography and illustrations is a mainstay of the creative class. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
In my industry,
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Nire industrian
00:17
we believe that images can change the world.
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irudiek mundua alda dezaketela sinesten dugu.
00:20
Okay, we're naive, we're bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.
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Ados, naif-ak gara, dizdirak itxutu gaitu, koitadu hutsak gara.
00:23
The truth is that we know that the
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Egia da badakigula
00:25
images themselves don't change the world,
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irudiek beraiek bakarrik ez dutela mundua aldatzen,
00:27
but we're also aware that, since the beginning of photography,
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baina aldi berean badakigu, argazkilaritza hasi zenetik,
00:30
images have provoked reactions in people,
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irudiek jendearengan erreakzio batzuk sortu dituztela,
00:33
and those reactions have caused change to happen.
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eta erreakzio hauek bai, hauek gauzak aldatu dituzte.
00:36
So let's begin with a group of images.
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Beraz, has gaitezen irudi talde batekin.
00:39
I'd be extremely surprised
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Harritu egingo ninduke
00:41
if you didn't recognize many or most of them.
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erakutsiko ditudan zenbait ez bazenituzte ezagutuko.
00:44
They're best described as iconic:
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Ikoniko gisa deskribatu izan dira,
00:46
so iconic, perhaps, they're cliches.
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hain ikonikoak, non askotan beharbada klixe ere badiren.
00:49
In fact, they're so well-known
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Egia esan, hain ezagunak dira
00:51
that you might even recognize them
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forma aldaketa txiki batekin ere
00:53
in a slightly or somewhat different form.
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ezagutuko dituzuela.
00:57
(Laughter)
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(Barreak)
01:00
But I think we're looking for something more.
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Baina uste dut beste zerbaiten bila gabiltzala.
01:02
We're looking for something more.
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Zeozer gehiagoren bila,
01:04
We're looking for images that shine
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Zenbait gai kruzialetan argia islatzen duten
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an uncompromising light on crucial issues,
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irudien bila gabiltza,
01:09
images that transcend borders, that transcend religions,
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muga eta erlijioak gainditu dituzten irudiak,
01:12
images that provoke us
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zutik jartzera
01:14
to step up and do something --
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edo zerbait egitera probokatzen gaituzten irudiak,
01:16
in other words, to act.
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beste hitz batzuekin esateko,aktuatzera behartzen gaituztenak.
01:18
Well, this image you've all seen.
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Beno, irudi hau guztiek ikusi duzue
01:21
It changed our view of the physical world.
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Munduaren irudi fisikoaren gure ikuspegia aldatu zuen.
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We had never seen our planet from this perspective before.
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Lehenago ez genuen sekula mundua perspektiba honetatik ikusi.
01:26
Many people credit
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Jende askoren ustez
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a lot of the birth of the environmental movement
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ingurugiroa zaintzeko mugimendua
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to our seeing the planet like this
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planeta horrela
01:32
for the first time --
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ikustean sortu zen,
01:34
its smallness, its fragility.
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bere txikitasunean, bere hauskortasunean.
01:37
Forty years later, this group, more than most,
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40 urte beranduago, talde hau,
01:40
are well aware of the destructive power
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beste asko baino hobeto konturatu da
01:42
that our species can wield over our environment.
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gure espezieak ingurugiroan duen indar suntsitzaileaz.
01:45
And at last, we appear to be doing something about it.
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Eta azkenean, badirudi zerbait egiten ari garela gai honekin.
01:49
This destructive power takes many different forms.
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Indar suntsitzaile honek forma ezberdinak hartzen ditu.
01:52
For example, these images taken by Brent Stirton
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Adibidez, Brent Stirtonek
01:55
in the Congo.
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Kongon hartutako argazki hauetan hildako gorilak ikus daitezke,
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These gorillas were murdered, some would even say crucified,
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batzuk gurutziltzatuak daudela esan liteke,
02:00
and unsurprisingly,
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eta espero zitekeen bezala,
02:02
they sparked international outrage.
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nazioarteko haserrea eragin zuten.
02:04
Most recently,
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Orain gutxi, naturak duen indar suntsitzailea
02:06
we've been tragically reminded of the destructive power of nature itself
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gogorarazi digu
02:09
with the recent earthquake in Haiti.
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Haitiko lurrikarak ere.
02:12
Well, I think what is far worse
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Hau baino okerragoa da nire ustez
02:15
is man's destructive power over man.
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ordea, gizakiak duen beste gizakiekiko duen indar suntsitzailea.
02:17
Samuel Pisar, an Auschwitz survivor, said,
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Samuel Pisarrek, Auschwitz-etik bizirik ateratzea lortu zutenetako batek,
02:20
and I'll quote him,
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hau esan zuen:
02:22
"The Holocaust teaches us that nature,
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“Holokaustoak irakasten digu
02:24
even in its cruelest moments,
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natura, bere momenturik krudelenetan ere,
02:27
is benign in comparison with man,
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oso xaloa dela konparatuta gizakiarekin
02:30
when he loses his moral compass and his reason."
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honek moralaren iparrorratza eta arrazoia galtzen dituenean batez ere".
02:33
There's another kind of crucifixion.
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Bada beste gurutziltzatze mota bat ere.
02:36
The horrifying images from Abu Ghraib
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Abu Ghraibeko irudi beldurgarriek,
02:38
as well as the images from Guantanamo
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baita Guantanamokoek ere,
02:40
had a profound impact.
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eragin handia izan zuten.
02:42
The publication of those images,
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Irudi hauek argitaratzeak,
02:44
as opposed to the images themselves,
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irudiek erakusten dutenaren aurka ere,
02:46
caused a government to change its policies.
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gobernu bat bere politikak aldatzera eraman zuten.
02:49
Some would argue that it is those images
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Batzuek defendatu izan dute
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that did more to fuel the insurgency in Iraq
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irudi hauek izan zirela beste edozein ekintzak baino indar gehiago
02:54
than virtually any other single act.
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eman ziotenak insurgentziari Iraken.
02:56
Furthermore, those images forever removed
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Areago, irudi horiek okupazio indarren
02:59
the so-called moral high ground of the occupying forces.
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argumentu moral guztiak suntsitu zituzten.
03:02
Let's go back a little.
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Jo dezagun pixka bat atzera.
03:04
In the 1960s and 1970s,
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1960.eko eta 1970.eko hamarkadetan,
03:06
the Vietnam War was basically shown
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Vietnamgo Guda Ameriketako egongeletan erakusten zuten
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in America's living rooms day in, day out.
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egun batean bai, eta bestean ere bai.
03:10
News photos brought people face to face
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Argazki berriek jendea gudako biktimekin aurrez aurre jartzera eraman zuten:
03:13
with the victims of the war: a little girl burned by napalm,
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napalm-arekin erretako neskato txiki bat,
03:17
a student killed by the National Guard
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Guardia Nazionalak protestetan hildako
03:19
at Kent State University in Ohio during a protest.
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ikasle bat Ohioko Kent Estatu Unibertsitatean.
03:22
In fact, these images became
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Esan daiteke
03:24
the voices of protest themselves.
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irudi hauek protestaren beraren ahots bilakatu zirela.
03:26
Now, images have power
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Orain, irudiek ulermenaren argia islatzeko indarra dute
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to shed light of understanding
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zenbait susmo
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on suspicion, ignorance,
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ezjakintasun eta batez ere,
03:32
and in particular -- I've given a lot of talks on this
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hitzaldi eman izan ditut honen inguruan
03:34
but I'll just show one image --
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baina soilik argazki bat erakutsiko dizuet,
03:37
the issue of HIV/AIDS.
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GIB/HIESaren kontuan.
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In the 1980s, the stigmatization of people with the disease
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1980.eko hamarkadan
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was an enormous barrier
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eritasun hau zuten pertsonen estigmatizazioa
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to even discussing or addressing it.
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barrera handia zen baita arazoaz hitz egiteko ere.
03:47
A simple act, in 1987, of the most famous woman in the world,
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Ekintza soil batek, 1987. urtean, munduko emakumerik ezagunenak,
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the Princess of Wales, touching
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Galesko Printzesak
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an HIV/AIDS infected baby
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GIB/HIESak kutsatutako haurra ukitzen ikusteak eragin handia izan zuen,
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did a great deal, especially in Europe, to stop that.
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batez ere Europan.
03:57
She, better than most, knew the power of an image.
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Berak inork baino hobeto zekien irudiak duen indarraz.
04:01
So when we are confronted by a powerful image,
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Beraz, irudi indartsu baten aurrean gaudenean,
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we all have a choice:
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bi aukera ditugu.
04:05
We can look away, or we can address the image.
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Begirada kentzea, edo irudia aztertzea.
04:08
Thankfully, when these photos appeared in
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Eskerrak, 1998an the Guardian egunkarian
04:10
The Guardian in 1998,
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argazki hauek argitaratu zirenean,
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they put a lot of focus and attention and, in the end, a lot of money
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atentzio handia jarri zuten hauen gainean, eta azkenerako diru asko ere bai,
04:15
towards the Sudan famine relief efforts.
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Sudango goseteari aurreko egiteko esfortzuan.
04:17
Did the images change the world?
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Irudiok mundua aldatu al zuten?
04:19
No, but they had a major impact.
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Ez, baina eragin handia izan zuten.
04:22
Images often push us to question our core beliefs
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Irudiek badute gure sinesmenik sakonenak
04:24
and our responsibilities to each other.
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eta besteekiko ditugun respontsabilitateak dudan jartzeko indarra.
04:27
We all saw those images after Katrina,
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Denok ikusi genituen irudiok Katrina hurakana ostean,
04:29
and I think for millions of people
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eta uste dut milioi askorentzat
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they had a very strong impact.
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eragin handia izan zutela,
04:33
And I think it's very unlikely
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eta uste dut amerikarrak
04:35
that they were far from the minds of Americans
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2008ko azaroan bozka ematera joan zirenean
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when they went to vote in November 2008.
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oraindik beren buruetatik oso urrun ez zeudela.
04:41
Unfortunately, some very important images
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Zoritxarrez, oso irudi garrantzitsuak
04:44
are deemed too graphic or disturbing for us to see them.
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grafikoegiak dira edo beraiek ikustea oso deserosoa da guretzat.
04:48
I'll show you one photo here,
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Argazki bat erakutsiko dizuet
04:50
and it's a photo by Eugene Richards of an Iraq War veteran
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Eugene Richardsek Irakeko Beterano bati ateratako argazkia da,
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from an extraordinary piece of work,
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ikaragarrizko lana da
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which has never been published, called War Is Personal.
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sekula publikatu gabea, “Guda Pertsonala da” izenekoa.
04:58
But images don't need to be graphic
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Baina irudiek ez dute zertan grafiko
05:00
in order to remind us of the tragedy of war.
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izan guri tragedia bat gogorarazteko.
05:02
John Moore set up this photo at Arlington Cemetery.
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John Moore-k Arlingtongo hilerrian atera zuen argazki hau.
05:05
After all the tense moments of conflict
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Gatazka baten tentsio-momentu guztien ostean,
05:07
in all the conflict zones of the world,
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munduko gatazka-eremu guztietan
05:10
there's one photograph from a much quieter place
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bada argazki bat, askoz ere leku ixilago batean atera
05:13
that haunts me still, much more than the others.
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eta hunkitu egiten nauena, beste guztiak baino gehiago.
05:17
Ansel Adams said, and I'm going to disagree with him,
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Ansel Adamsek esan zuen, eta ez nator berarekin bat,
05:20
"You don't take a photograph, you make it."
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“Ez duzu argazkia ateratzen, egin egiten duzu”.
05:23
In my view, it's not the photographer who makes the photo,
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Nire ustez ez da argazkilaria argazkia egiten duena,
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it's you.
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zuek baizik.
05:27
We bring to each image
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Argazki bakoitzari geure balioak eransten dizkiogu,
05:29
our own values, our own belief systems,
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gure sinesmen sistema,
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and as a result of that, the image resonates with us.
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eta horren ondorioa da, irudiak geure baitan jarraitzea,
05:34
My company has 70 million images.
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Gure konpainiak 70 milioi irudi ditu.
05:36
I have one image in my office.
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Nik bat daukat nire bulegoan.
05:39
Here it is.
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Hauxe da.
05:41
I hope that the next time you see
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Espero dut zerbait esaten dizuen irudi bat ikusten duzuen
05:43
an image that sparks something in you,
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hurrengoan, ulertuko duzuela hobeto zergatik den hori,
05:45
you'll better understand why,
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eta jakin badakit,
05:47
and I know that speaking to this audience,
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audientzia honi hitz eginez,
05:50
you'll definitely do something about it.
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horren inguruan zerbait egingo duzuela.
05:52
And thank you to all the photographers.
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Eta milesker argazkilari guztiei.
05:54
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jonathan Klein - ExecutiveJonathan Klein runs Getty Images, a stock photo agency whose vast archive of still photography and illustrations is a mainstay of the creative class.
Why you should listen
Even if you're an infrequent (or less sporty) user of the World Wide Web, chances are the last time you logged on -- perhaps on the very last page you visited -- you've come across an image sourced from stock photo agency Getty Images. Photos and illustrations from Getty can be found everywhere, for just about every purpose you can imagine. It shouldn't surprise you that Getty began in the Internet age, leaving print-era agencies in the dust by using Internet and CD-ROM distribution since day one.
Jonathan Klein, Getty's co-founder (along with Mark Getty) and the current CEO, helped drive its success over the past 15 years. He led it during its aggressive archive acquisition campaign through the '90s and now in the 2000s, adding to its formidable collection of editorial photos, footage and music. But his business skill is only part of his story; to hear Klein talk, one is quick to catch his passionate enthusiasm for the power of images -- not only to document moments in our lives and in history, not just to sell products or turn over PR campaigns -- but to shift public opinion and, perhaps, make the world more just.
Klein serves on the board of the Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS and on the board of Real Networks (media software company and creator of the popular RealPlayer).
Jonathan Klein | Speaker | TED.com