TEDxWomen 2011
Lauren Hodge, Shree Bose + Naomi Shah: Award-winning teenage science in action
Ang pagkilos ng nagwaging sensya ng mga tinedyer
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Noong 2011, tatlong batang babae ang naghakot ng matataas na premyo sa kanunaunahang Google Science Fair. Sa TEDxWomen, sina Lauren Hodge, Shree Bose at Naomi Shah ay nagbahagi ng kanilang karanasan sa kanilang ekstraordinaryong proyekto -- at ang kanilang daan tungo sa kanilang pagkahilig sa syensya.
Lauren Hodge - Science fair winner
Lauren Hodge won the 2011 Google Science Fair in the age 13-14 category. Full bioShree Bose - Science fair winner
Shree Bose was the grand prize winner at the 2011 Google Science Fair. Full bioNaomi Shah - Science fair winner
Naomi Shah won the 2011 Google Science Fair in the age 15-16 category. Full bio
Lauren Hodge won the 2011 Google Science Fair in the age 13-14 category. Full bioShree Bose - Science fair winner
Shree Bose was the grand prize winner at the 2011 Google Science Fair. Full bioNaomi Shah - Science fair winner
Naomi Shah won the 2011 Google Science Fair in the age 15-16 category. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Lauren Hodge: If you were going to a restaurant and wanted a healthier option,
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Lauren Hodge: Kung ika'y pupunta sa restawran at papipiliin kung alin ang mas malusog,
00:18
which would you choose, grilled or fried chicken?
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ano ang pipiliin mo, ang inihaw o piniritong manok?
00:20
Now most people would answer grilled,
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Pinipili ng karamihan ang inihaw,
00:22
and it's true that grilled chicken does contain less fat and fewer calories.
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at totoo na ang inihaw na manok ay may kunting taba at calories.
00:25
However, grilled chicken poses a hidden danger.
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Ngunit, ang inihaw na manok ay may tinatagong panganib.
00:27
The hidden danger is heterocyclic amines --
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Ang nakatagong panganib ay ang heterocyclic amines --
00:29
specifically phenomethylimidazopyridine,
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partikular yung phenomethylimidazopyridine,
00:31
or PhIP --
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o PhlP --
00:33
(laughter)
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(tawanan)
00:35
which is the immunogenic or carcinogenic compound.
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na isang compound na immunogenic o carcinogenic.
00:38
A carcinogen is any substance or agent
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Ang carcinogen ay isang substance o agent
00:40
that causes abnormal growth of cells,
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na nagiging sanhi ng abnormal na paglaki ng mga cell,
00:42
which can also cause them to metastasize or spread.
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na maaaring magdudulot rin sa paglaki at paglaganap nito.
00:45
They are also organic compounds
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Mayroon ding mga organikong compounds
00:47
in which one or more of the hydrogens in ammonia
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na isa o marami pang hydrogen sa ammonia
00:50
is replaced with a more complex group.
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ay napapalitan ng mas masalimoot na grupo.
00:52
Studies show that antioxidants
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Isang pag-aaral ay nagpapakita
00:54
are known to decrease these heterocyclic amines.
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na nagpapababa sila ng dami ng mga heterocyclic amines.
00:56
However, no studies exist yet
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Pero wala pang pag-aaral na
00:58
that show how or why.
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nagpapakita kung papapaano at bakit.
01:00
These here are five different organizations that classify carcinogens.
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Ito ay limang magkakaibang grupo ng mga carcinogens.
01:03
And as you can see, none of the organizations consider the compounds to be safe,
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Sa nakikita n'yo, wala sa kanila ang maituturing na ligtas,
01:06
which justifies the need to decrease them in our diet.
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na nangangahulugan lamang na dapat bawasan sila sa ating dyeta.
01:09
Now you might wonder how a 13 year-old girl could come up with this idea.
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Kayo siguro ay nagtataka kung papaano ang isang 13-taong gulang ay nagkaroon ng isang ideya.
01:12
And I was led to it through a series of events.
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Ito ay naganap sa mga serye ng kaganapan.
01:14
I first learned about it through a lawsuit I read about in my doctor's office --
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Unang kung nalamat ito sa isang lawsuit nabasa ko sa opisina ng doctor ko --
01:17
(Laughter)
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(Tawanan)
01:20
which was between the Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine
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sa pagitan ng "Komite ng mga Doktor para sa Responsabling Pagmedisina"
01:23
and seven different fast food restaurants.
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at sa pitong magkaiba na fast food restawran.
01:25
They weren't sued because there was carcinogens in the chicken,
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Hindi sila kinasuhan dahil sa mga carcinogens sa kanilang manok,
01:28
but they were sued because of California's Proposition 65,
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kundi dahil sa Proposisyon bilang 65 ng California,
01:32
which stated that if there's anything dangerous in the products
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na nagsasabing anumang produktong may mapanganib na sangkap
01:35
then the companies had to give a clear warning.
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ay bibigyan ng babala.
01:37
So I was very surprised about this.
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Nagulat ako dito.
01:39
And I was wondering why nobody knew more
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Pinagtatakaan ko lang kung bakit walang isa ang talagang nakakaalam
01:41
about this dangerous grilled chicken,
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tungkol sa panganib ng inihaw na manok,
01:43
which doesn't seem very harmful.
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na mukhang hindi gaano ka delikado.
01:45
But then one night, my mom was cooking grilled chicken for dinner,
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Isang gabi, ang aking mommy ay nag-ihaw ng manok para sa hapunan,
01:48
and I noticed that the edges of the chicken,
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at napansin ko na sa gilid ng manok
01:50
which had been marinated in lemon juice, turned white.
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na kung saan ang binabad sa lemon juice ay nagiging puti.
01:53
And later in biology class, I learned that it's due to a process called denaturing,
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At kinamayaan sa aming klase sa biology, nalaman ko na dahil pala ito sa prosesong tinatawag na denaturing,
01:56
which is where the proteins will change shape
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na kung saan ang protina ay mag-ibang anyo
01:58
and lose their ability to chemically function.
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at mawalan ng kanilang abilidad sa aspetong kemikal.
02:01
So I combined these two ideas and I formulated a hypothesis,
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Kaya pinag-isa ko ang dalawang ideya para bumou ng hypothesis,
02:04
saying that, could possibly
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na nagsasabing, maaari bang
02:06
the carcinogens be decreased due to a marinade
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ang mga carcinogens ay bababa sa pagbabad
02:09
and could it be due to the differences in PH?
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at dahil ba ito sa deperensya sa PH?
02:11
So my idea was born,
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Kaya nabuo ang aking ideya,
02:13
and I had the project set up and a hypothesis,
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at nakaplantsa na ang aking proyekto at hypothesis,
02:15
so what was my next step?
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kaya ano ang sunod kung gawin?
02:17
Well obviously I had to find a lab to work at
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Natural, kailangan kung maghanap ng lab
02:19
because I didn't have the equipment in my school.
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dahil walang kagamitan ang paaralan namin.
02:22
I thought this would be easy,
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Akala ko madali lang,
02:24
but I emailed about 200 different people
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pero nag-email ako sa humigit-kumulang 200 ka-tao
02:26
within a five-hour radius of where I lived,
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sa loob ng 5 oras na radius sa titirhan ko,
02:28
and I got one positive response that said that they could work with me.
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at nakatanggap ako ng iisang sagot na nagsasabing pwede akong magtrabaho sa kanila.
02:31
Most of the others either never responded back,
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Karamihan sa iba ay hindi sumagot,
02:33
said they didn't have the time
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o nagsasabing wala silang oras
02:35
or didn't have the equipment and couldn't help me.
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o wala silang kagamitan at hindi makatutulong sa akin.
02:37
So it was a big commitment
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Kaya iyon ay malaking pag-uukol
02:39
to drive to the lab to work multiple times.
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para magbihaye sa lab nang madalas.
02:42
However, it was a great opportunity to work in a real lab --
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Pero, iyon ay malaking opurtunidad para magtrabaho sa isang tunay sa laboratoryo --
02:44
so I could finally start my project.
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para maumpisahan ko na ang aking proyekto.
02:46
The first stage was completed at home,
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Ang unang hakbang ay nakompleto na sa bahay,
02:48
which consisted of marinating the chicken,
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na sa kabuuan ay ang pagbabad ng manok,
02:50
grilling the chicken, amassing it
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pag-ihaw nito, pagtipon
02:52
and preparing it to be transported to the lab.
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at paghanda nito para ibiyahe patungo sa laboratoryo.
02:55
The second stage was completed
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Ang pangalawang hakbang ay nakompleto
02:57
at the Penn State University main campus lab,
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sa loob ng main campus ng Penn State University,
02:59
which is where I extracted the chemicals,
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yung pagkuha ng mga kemikal mula sa manok,
03:01
changed the PH so I could run it through the equipment
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pagiba ng PH nito pra mapasok ko siya a aparato
03:03
and separated the compounds I needed
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at paghiwalayin ang mga compounds na kailangan ko
03:05
from the rest of the chicken.
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mula sa manok.
03:07
The final stages, when I ran the samples
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Ang huling hakbang ay yung pagsala ko sa mga sample
03:09
through a high-pressure
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sa isang high-pressure
03:11
liquid chromatography mass spectrometer,
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na liquid chromatography mass spectrometer,
03:14
which separated the compounds and analyzed the chemicals
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na naghihiwalay ng mga compounds at suriin ang mga kemikal
03:17
and told me exactly how much carcinogens I had
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at magsasabi sa akin kung gaano talaga karami ang carcinogen
03:19
in my chicken.
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sa aking manok.
03:21
So when I went through the data, I had very surprising results,
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Kaya nung nakuha ko na ang resulta, ikinagulat ko ito,
03:24
because I found that four out of the five marinating ingredients
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dahil nalaman ko na apat sa limang sangkap sa pagbabad ng manok
03:27
actually inhibited the carcinogen formation.
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ay mayroong pagbubuo ng carcinogen.
03:29
When compared with the unmarinated chicken,
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Nung kinumpara ko sa hindi binabad na manok,
03:31
which is what I used as my control,
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na siyang aking ginamit bilang kontrol,
03:34
I found that lemon juice worked by far the best,
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nalaman kung ang lemon juice ang pinaka-angat
03:36
which decreased the carcinogens
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na nagpapababa ng cancinogens
03:38
by about 98 percent.
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ng 98 porsyento.
03:40
The saltwater marinade and the brown sugar marinade
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Ang pinagbabad din sa saltwater at pula na asukal
03:43
also worked very well,
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ay mabuti rin,
03:45
decreasing the carcinogens by about 60 percent.
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na nagpapababa ng carcinogens ng 60 porseyto.
03:47
Olive oil slightly decreased the PhIP formation,
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Ang olive oil ay nagpapababa nang bahagya sa pagbuo ng PHlP,
03:50
but it was nearly negligible.
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ngunit ito ay bale-wala lang.
03:52
And the soy sauce results were inconclusive
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At ang resulta naman sa toyo ay hindi depinitibo
03:54
because of the large data range,
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dahil sa laki ng lawak ng mga datos,
03:56
but it seems like soy sauce
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dahil mukhang sa toyo
03:58
actually increased the potential carcinogens.
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ay nagpapataas pa sa dami ng carcinogens.
04:00
Another important factor that I didn't take into account initially
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Isa pang importanting salik na hindi pinagtutuonan nung una
04:02
was the time cooked.
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ay ang katagalan ng pagluluto.
04:04
And I found that if you increase the time cooked,
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Nalaman ko kung tatagalan mo ang pagluluto,
04:06
the amount of carcinogens rapidly increases.
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ang dami ng mga carcinogens ay tataas nang mabilis.
04:09
So the best way to marinate chicken, based on this,
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Kaya ang pinakamainam na pagbabad ng manok, base dito,
04:12
is to, not under-cook,
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ay hindi ang pagluto nang hilaw nito,
04:14
but definitely don't over-cook and char the chicken,
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pero hindi naman yung pag-over-cook at pagsunog nito,
04:16
and marinate in either lemon juice, brown sugar or saltwater.
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at pagbabad sa lemon juice, pulang asukal o saltwater.
04:21
(Applause)
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(Palakpakan)
04:26
Based on these findings, I have a question for you.
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Base dito, mayroon akong isang katanungan sa inyo.
04:29
Would you be willing to make a simple change in your diet
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Payag ba kayong magkaroon ng kunting pagbabago sa inyong dyeta
04:32
that could potentially save your life?
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na may potensyal na makapagligtas ng iyong buhay?
04:34
Now I'm not saying that if you eat grilled chicken that's not marinated,
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Hindi ko sinasabing kung kakain ka ng inihaw na manok na hindi binabad,
04:36
you're definitely going to catch cancer and die.
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ay magkakaroon ka ng cancer at mamatay.
04:38
However, anything you can do
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Kaya lang, kung gagawa ka ng isang bagay
04:40
to decrease the risk of potential carcinogens
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na nagpapababa sa risgo ng carcinogens
04:42
can definitely increase the quality of lifestyle.
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ay talagang magpapataas ng kwalidad ng iyong buhay.
04:45
Is it worth it to you?
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Mahalaga ba iyan sa iyo?
04:47
How will you cook your chicken now?
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Kaya, paano mo na lulutuin ang manok ngayon?
04:49
(Applause)
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(Palakpakan)
05:05
Shree Bose: Hi everyone. I'm Shree Bose.
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Shree Bose: Hi sa inyo. Ako si Shree Bose.
05:07
I was the 17-18 year-old age category winner
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Ako yung nanalo sa 17-18 na taong gulang na kategorya
05:09
and then the grand prize winner.
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at ang grand prize.
05:12
And I want all of you
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Gustong kong
05:14
to imagine a little girl
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magimagin kayo ng isang batang babae
05:16
holding a dead blue spinach plant.
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na may hawak na isang patay na bughaw na espinadas.
05:19
And she's standing in front of you and she's explaining to you
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At nakatayo siya sa harap niyo na nag-uunawa
05:22
that little kids will eat their vegetables
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na ang maliliit na bata ay kakain ng kanilang gulay
05:24
if they're different colors.
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kung ang kulay nila ay iba.
05:26
Sounds ridiculous, right.
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Nakakatawa, hindi ba.
05:28
But that was me years ago.
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Pero ako yun sa nakalipas na panahon.
05:30
And that was my first science fair project.
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At yun ang kauna-unahan kong proyekto sa science fair.
05:33
It got a bit more complicated from there.
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Naging mas masalimot ito mula doon.
05:36
My older brother Panaki Bose
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Ang aking kuya na si Panaki Bose
05:38
spent hours of his time explaining atoms to me
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ay nag-gugol ng kanyang panahon para ipaliwanag ang atom sa akin
05:41
when I barely understood basic algebra.
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noong hindi ko pa lubusang maintindihan ang algebra.
05:44
My parents suffered through many more of my science fair projects,
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Nagdusa ang aking mga magulang sa marami ko pang proyekto sa science fair,
05:47
including a remote controlled garbage can.
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kasama na ang basurahan na remote controlled.
05:49
(Laughter)
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(Tawanan)
05:51
And then came the summer after my freshman year,
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At pagsapit ng summer pagkatapos freshman year,
05:54
when my grandfather passed away due to cancer.
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namatay ang aking lolo sa cancer.
05:57
And I remember watching my family go through that
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At natatandaan ko kung paano ito nalusutan ng aming pamilya
05:59
and thinking that I never wanted another family
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at nagpagtanto na wala ng iba pang pamilya dapat
06:02
to feel that kind of loss.
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ang makaranas ng ganuong kawalan.
06:05
So, armed with all the wisdom
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Kaya, naka-armas sa lahat ng aking karunungan
06:07
of freshman year biology,
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sa biolohiya nung ako'y first year,
06:09
I decided I wanted to do cancer research
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napagdesisyunan kong magsagawa ng pagsaliksik sa cancer
06:12
at 15.
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nung ako'y 15.
06:14
Good plan.
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Magandang plano.
06:16
So I started emailing all of these professors in my area
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Kaya inumpisahan kong mag-email sa lahat ng mga propesor sa amin
06:18
asking to work under their supervision in a lab.
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para magtrabaho sa kanilang superbisyon sa kanilang laboratoryo.
06:22
Got rejected by all except one.
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Tinangihan ako ng lahat maliban sa isa.
06:24
And then went on, my next summer,
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Kaya natuloy iyon, sa sunod na summer,
06:26
to work under Dr. Basu
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nagtrabaho ako sa ilalim ni Dr. Basu
06:28
at the UNT Health Center at Fort Worth, Texas.
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sa UNT Health Center sa Fort Worth, Texas.
06:31
And that is where the research began.
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At dun nagumpisa ang pagsaliksik ko.
06:34
So ovarian cancer
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Ang ovarian cancer
06:36
is one of those cancers that most people don't know about,
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ay isang klase ng cancer na bihira lang ang may alam,
06:39
or at least don't pay that much attention to.
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o kunti lang ang nagbigay ng atensyon.
06:42
But yet, it's the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths
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Pero, ito and panglima sa pangunahing sanhi ng pagkamatay dahil sa cancer
06:45
among women in the United States.
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sa mga kababaihan sa Estados Unidos.
06:48
In fact, one in 70 women
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Sa katunayan, isa sa 70 na babae
06:50
will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer.
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ay napagalamang may ovarian cancer.
06:52
One in 100
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Isa sa bawat 100
06:54
will die from it.
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ay namamatay dito.
06:56
Chemotherapy, one of the most effective ways
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Chemotherapy, isa sa pinaka-epiktibong paraan
06:58
used to treat cancer today,
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para gamutin ang cancer sa panahon ngayon,
07:00
involves giving patients really high doses of chemicals
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ay naglalakip ng pagbibigay sa mga pasyente ng matatas na dosis ng mga kemikal
07:02
to try and kill off cancer cells.
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para patayin ang mga cancer cells.
07:05
Cisplatin is a relatively common
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Cisplatin ay isang komon
07:07
ovarian cancer chemotherapy drug --
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na ovarian cancer chemotheraphy na gamot --
07:10
a relatively simple molecule made in the lab
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isang simpleng molecule na ginawa sa laboratoryo
07:13
that messes with the DNA of cancer cells
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na ginugulo ang DNA ng mga cancer cell
07:15
and causes them to kill themselves.
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at magiging dahilan para sila mamatay.
07:17
Sounds great, right?
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Parang nakakamamangha, di ba?
07:19
But here's the problem:
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Pero ito ang problema:
07:21
sometimes patients become resistant to the drug,
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kadalasan, masasanay na ang pasyente sa gamot,
07:24
and then years after they've been declared to be cancer free,
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at pagkatapos ng sila'y madeklarang wala ng cancer,
07:27
they come back.
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babalik sila.
07:29
And this time, they no longer respond to the drug.
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At dito, hindi sa sila matablan sa gamot.
07:31
It's a huge problem.
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Isa itong malaking problema.
07:33
In fact, it's one of the biggest problems
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Sa katunayan, ito ay isa sa malalaking problema
07:35
with chemotherapy today.
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ng chemotheraphy ngayon.
07:37
So we wanted to figure out
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Kaya gusto naming malaman
07:39
how these ovarian cancer cells are becoming resistant
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kung papaano naging malakas ang mga ovarian cancer cells
07:42
to this drug called Cisplatin.
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laban sa gamot na tinawag nating Cisplatin.
07:44
And we wanted to figure this out,
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At gusto naming malaman,
07:46
because if we could figure that out,
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dahil kung malalaman namin yun,
07:48
then we might be able to prevent that resistance from ever happening.
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ay maaaring matigil ang paglakas nito.
07:51
So that's what we set out to do.
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Kaya yun ang ginawa namin.
07:53
And we thought it had something to do with this protein called AMP kinase,
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At sa tingin namin ay may kinalaman ang isang protina na tinawag na AMP kinase,
07:56
an energy protein.
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isang enerhiyang protina.
07:58
So we ran all of these tests blocking the protein,
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Kaya nagsagawa kami ng mga test para pigilan ang protinang ito,
08:01
and we saw this huge shift.
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at nakita namin ang malaking paggalaw.
08:03
I mean, on the slide, you can see
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Ang ibig kong sabihin, sa slide na ito, makikita niyo
08:05
that on our sensitive side,
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na sa ating sensitibong panig,
08:07
these cells that are responding to the drug,
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ang mga cell na ito ay nagreact sa gamot,
08:09
when we start blocking the protein,
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nung pinigilan na namin ang mga protina,
08:11
the number of dying cells -- those colored dots --
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ang bilang ng mga namamatay na cells -- yung mga nakakulay na tolduk --
08:14
they're going down.
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ay bumababa.
08:16
But then on this side, with the same treatment,
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Pero sa bahaging ito, sa parehong paraan,
08:19
they're going up -- interesting.
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sila'y umaakyat -- napakainteresante.
08:22
But those are dots on a screen for you;
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Pero ang mga tuldok na nasa screen, sa inyong palagay;
08:24
what exactly does that mean?
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ano ang talagang ibig sabihin nito?
08:26
Well basically that means
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Ang talagang ibig sabihin nyan
08:28
that this protein is changing
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ang protinang ito ay nagbabago
08:30
from the sensitive cell to the resistant cell.
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mula sa sensitibo tungo sa di tinatablan na cell
08:32
And in fact, it might be changing the cells themselves
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At sa katunayan, binabago nila ang iba pang cells
08:36
to make the cells resistant.
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para maging resistant din.
08:39
And that's huge.
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At iyan ay napakalaki.
08:41
In fact, it means that if a patient comes in
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Sa katunayan, kung ang isang pasyente ay dumating
08:43
and they're resistant to this drug,
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at sila'y di tinatablan sa druga na ito,
08:45
then if we give them a chemical to block this protein,
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at bibigyan namin sila ng kemikal para mapigil ang protinang ito,
08:48
then we can treat them again
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ay mapapagaling din namin sila ulit
08:50
with the same drug.
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sa parehong gamot.
08:52
And that's huge for chemotherapy effectiveness --
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At iyan ay malaking tagumpay para sa chemotheraphy --
08:55
possibly for many different types of cancer.
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na posible rin para sa iba pang tipo ng kanser.
08:59
So that was my work,
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Kaya yun ang aking nagawa,
09:01
and it was my way of reimagining the future
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at yun ang aking paraan para baguhin ang kinabukasan
09:04
for future research, with figuring out exactly what this protein does,
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para sa hinaharap na pagsaliksik, para malaman kung ano talaga ang ginagawa ng protinang ito,
09:08
but also for the future of chemotherapy effectiveness --
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pero para rin sa kinabukasan ng pagiging epektibo ng chemotheraphy --
09:11
so maybe all grandfathers with cancer
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para lahat ng ating mga lolo na may kanser
09:14
have a little bit more time to spend with their grandchildren.
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ay mayroon pang kukunting panahon para igugol sa kanilang mga apo.
09:17
But my work wasn't just about the research.
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Pero ang ginawa ko ay hindi lang para sa pagsaliksik.
09:21
It was about finding my passion.
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Yun ay ang paghahanap ng aking pasyon.
09:24
That's why being the grand prize winner
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At kaya ako nanalo ng grand prize
09:26
of the Google Global Science Fair --
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sa Google Global Science Fair --
09:28
cute picture, right --
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nakakatutuwang litrato, di ba --
09:30
it was so exciting to me and it was such an amazing honor.
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iyun ay nakakatuwa para sa akin at isang malaking karangalan.
09:33
And ever since then,
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At mula doon,
09:35
I've gotten to do some pretty cool stuff --
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Kailangan kong gumawa na mga cool na bagay --
09:37
from getting to meet the president
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mula sa pakikipagtagpo ko sa presidente
09:39
to getting to be on this stage
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hanggang pagtungtong ko sa entabladong ito
09:41
to talk to all of you guys.
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para magsalita sa inyong lahat.
09:43
But like I said, my journey wasn't just about the research,
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Pero gaya ng sabi ko, ang aking paglalakbay ay hindi tungkol sa pagsaliksik,
09:46
it was about finding my passion,
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yun ay ang paghahanap ng aking pasyon,
09:48
and it was about making my own opportunities
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at iyon ay tungkol sa paggawa ng sariling kong opurtunidad
09:50
when I didn't even know what I was doing.
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kahit na hindi ko alam kung ano ang aking ginagawa.
09:53
It was about inspiration
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Iyon ay tungkol sa inspirasyon
09:55
and determination
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at determinasyon
09:57
and never giving up on my interest
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at hindi pagsuko ng aking interes
09:59
for science and learning and growing.
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para sa syensya at pagkatuto at paglaki.
10:02
After all, my story begins
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Sa bandang huli, ang aking estorya ay nagsisimula
10:05
with a dried, withered spinach plant
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sa isang tuyo, at patay na halamang spinach
10:07
and it's only getting better from there.
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at iyun ay magiging mabuti pa lamang mula doon.
10:09
Thank you.
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Salamat.
10:11
(Applause)
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(Palakpakan)
10:23
Naomi Shah: Hi everyone. I'm Naomi Shah,
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Naomi Shah: Hi sa inyong lahat. Ako si Naomi Shah,
10:26
and today I'll be talking to you about my research
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at ngayon ay magsasalita ako tungko sa ang aking pagsaliksik
10:28
involving indoor air quality
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na may kinalaman sa kwalidad ng hangin sa loob
10:30
and asthmatic patients.
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at ng pasyente ng hika.
10:32
1.6 million deaths worldwide.
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1.6 na milyon ang namamatay sa boung daigdig.
10:35
One death every 20 seconds.
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Isa ang patay sa bawat 20 na segundo.
10:38
People spend over 90 percent of their lives indoors.
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May mga taong 90 porsyento sa kanilang buhay ay ginugol sa loob ng bahay.
10:42
And the economic burden of asthma
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At ang pang-ekonomiyang pasanin sa hika
10:44
exceeds that of HIV and tuberculosis combined.
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ay humigit pa sa pinagsamang HIV at tuberculosis.
10:47
Now these statistics had a huge impact on me,
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Itong istatistikang ito ay may malaking epekto sa akin,
10:50
but what really sparked my interest in my research
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pero ang talagang naging dahilan ng aking interes sa pagsaliksik nito
10:53
was watching both my dad and my brother
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ay masaksihan ang aking ama at kapatid
10:55
suffer from chronic allergies year-round.
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na magdusa sa hindi magaling-galing na allegy taon-taon.
10:57
It confused me;
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Nakakalito para sa akin;
10:59
why did these allergy symptoms persist
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bakit nariyan itong mga simtoma ng allergy
11:01
well past the pollen season?
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kahit hindi na pollen season?
11:03
With this question in mind, I started researching,
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Dala ang tanong na ito, inumpisahan ko ang aking pagsaliksik,
11:06
and I soon found that indoor air pollutants were the culprit.
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at nalaman ko na ang dahilan nito ay ang indoor air pollutants.
11:09
As soon as I realized this,
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Sa sandaling nalaman ko ito,
11:11
I investigated the underlying relationship
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inembistigahan ko ang pinagsaligang relasyon
11:13
between four prevalent air pollutants
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sa apat na laganap na air pollutants
11:15
and their affect on the lung health of asthmatic patients.
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at ang epekto nito sa kalusugan ng baga sa mgapasyente ng hika.
11:18
At first, I just wanted to figure out
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Nung una, gusto ko lang malaman
11:21
which of these four pollutants have the largest negative health impact
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kung alin sa apat na pollutants ang may malaking negatibong epektong pangkalusugan
11:24
on the lung health of asthmatic patients.
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sa baga ng mga pasyente sa hika.
11:27
But soon after, I developed a novel mathematical model
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Pero pagkatapos ng maikling panahon ay nakabuo ng bagong matematikong modelo
11:30
that essentially quantifies the effect
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na mahalagang nabigay ng kwantipikadong epekto
11:32
of these environmental pollutants
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sa mga environmental pollutants na ito
11:35
on the lung health of asthmatic patients.
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sa kalusugan ng baga ng mga pasyente ng hika.
11:37
And it surprises me
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At ikinagugulat ko
11:39
that no model currently exists
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na walng modelo ang mayroon ngayon
11:41
that quantifies the effect of environmental factors
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na nagkukwenta sa epekto ng mga salik sa kapaligiran
11:43
on human lung health,
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sa kalusugan ng ating baga,
11:45
because that relationship seems so important.
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dahil ang relasyong iyan ay talagang importante.
11:48
So with that in mind,
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Kaya dahil dyan,
11:50
I started researching more, I started investigating more,
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ininumpisahan kong magsaliksik ng mas maigi,
11:52
and I became very passionate.
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at maging mas maragasa.
11:54
Because I realized
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Dahil natantuhan ko
11:56
that if we could find a way to target remediation,
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na kung gugustuhin nating maghanap ng gamot dito,
11:58
we could also find a way
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makakakita tayo ng paraan
12:00
to treat asthmatic patients more effectively.
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para gamutin ang mga may hika ng mas ma-igi.
12:04
For example, volatile organic compounds
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Halimbawa, ang mga madaling masunog na mga compounds
12:06
are chemical pollutants
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ay mga kemikal na pollutants
12:08
that are found in our schools, homes and workplaces.
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na makikita natin sa ating paaralan, bahay, at pinagtatrabahuan.
12:10
They're everywhere.
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Yan ay kahit saan.
12:12
These chemical pollutants
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Ito ay mga kemikal na pollutants
12:14
are currently not a criteria air pollutant,
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na hindi ngayon kasama sa itinuring na air pollutant,
12:16
as defined by the U.S. Clean Air Act.
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sa listahan ng U.S. Clean Air Act.
12:18
Which is surprising to me,
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Ito ay ikinagulat ko,
12:20
because these chemical pollutants, through my research,
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dahil ang mga kemikal pollutants na ito, sa aking pagsaliksik,
12:22
I show that they had a very large negative impact
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ay nakita kong may malaking negatibong epekto
12:25
on the lung health of asthmatic patients
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sa kalusugan ng mga may hikang pasyente
12:27
and thus should be regulated.
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at kaya dapat sila ma-kontrol ng batas.
12:29
So today I want to show you
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Kaya ngayon gusto kong ipapakita sa inyo
12:31
my interactive software model that I created.
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ang isang interaktibong software model na ginawa ko.
12:34
I'm going to show it to you on my laptop.
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Ipapakita ko siya sa inyo sa pamamagitan ng aking laptop.
12:36
And I have a volunteer subject in the audience today,
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At may boluntaryo ako mula sa audience ngayon,
12:38
Julie.
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si Julie.
12:40
And all of Julie's data has been pre-entered
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At lahat ng mga datos mula kay Julie ay ipinasok
12:43
into my interactive software model.
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sa aking interaktibong software model.
12:45
And this can be used by anyone.
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At sinuman sa inyo ay makakagamit nito.
12:47
So I want you to imagine that you're in Julie's shoes,
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Kaya gusto kong ilagay ang inyong sarili kay Julie,
12:49
or someone who's really close to you
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o sa sinumang malapit sa inyo
12:51
who suffers from asthma or another lung disorder.
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na may hika o nagdusa na isa pang sakit sa baga.
12:54
So Julie's going to her doctor's office
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Si Julie ay papunta sa opisina ng kanyang doktor
12:56
to get treated for her asthma.
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para magamot ang kanyang hika.
12:58
And the doctor has her sit down,
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At sinabihan siya ng doktor na umupo,
13:00
and he takes her peak expiratory flow rate --
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at kinuhaan siya ng pinakamataas na expiratory flow rate --
13:03
which is essentially her exhalation rate,
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na kailangan sa kanyang exhalation rate,
13:05
or the amount of air that she can breathe out in one breath.
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o ang dami ng hangin na mabuga niya sa iisang paghinga.
13:08
So that peak expiratory flow rate,
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Kaya ang peak expiratory flow rate,
13:10
I've entered it up into the interactive software model.
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ipinasok ko siya sa aking interaktobong software model.
13:12
I've also entered in her age, her gender and her height.
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Ipinasok ko rin ang kanyang edad, kasarian, at kanyang taas.
13:15
I've assumed that she lives in an average household
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Ipinagpalagay ko na nakatira sya sa isang karaniwang bahay
13:17
with average air pollutant levels.
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na may pamantayang lebel ng air pollutants.
13:19
So any user can come in here
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Kaya sinuman sa inyo ay lalapit dito
13:21
and click on "lung function report"
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at mag-click sa "lung function report"
13:23
and it'll take them to this report that I created.
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at makakarating sila sa report na ginawa ko.
13:25
And this report really drives home the crux of my research.
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At ang report na ito ay ang talagang pinakabuod ng aking pagsaliksik.
13:29
So what it shows -- if you want to focus on that top graph in the right-hand corner --
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Kaya kung ano ang pinakikita nito -- kung mapapansin niyo sa graf na iyan sa kanang bahagi --
13:33
it shows Julie's actual peak expiratory flow rate
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ay pinapakita ang aktwal na pinakamataas na expiratory flow rate
13:35
in the yellow bar.
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sa dilaw na bar.
13:37
This is the measurement that she took in her doctor's office.
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Ito ang sukat na kinuha niya sa opisina ng kanyang doktor.
13:40
In the blue bar at the bottom of the graph,
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Sa bughaw na bar sa ilalim ng graf,
13:42
it shows what her peak expiratory flow rate,
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ay nagpapakita ng kanyang pinakamataas na expiratory flow rate,
13:45
what her exhalation rate or lung health, should be
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kung ano dapat ang kanyang exhalation rate o kalusugan ng kanyang baga
13:47
based on her age, gender and height.
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base sa kanyang edad, kasarian, at taas.
13:50
So the doctor sees this difference between the yellow bar and the blue bar,
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Kaya makikita ng doktor ang pagkakaiba sa dilaw at bughaw na bar,
13:53
and he says, "Wow, we need to give her steroids,
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at sabi niya, "Wow, dapat bigyan natin siya ng steroids,
13:56
medication and inhalers."
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medikasyon at inhalers."
13:59
But I want everyone here to reimagine a world
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Pero gustong kong ibahin ang inyong pananaw
14:02
where instead of prescribing steroids,
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na sa halip na maresita ng steroids,
14:04
inhalers and medication,
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inhalers at medikasyon,
14:06
the doctor turns to Julie and says,
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ang doktor ay lilingon kay Julie at magsabi,
14:08
"Why don't you go home and clean out your air filters.
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"Bakit di ka bumalik sa inyo at linisin ang air filters.
14:10
Clean out the air ducts in your home,
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Linisin mo dapat ang mga air ducts sa inyong bahay,
14:12
in your workplace, in your school.
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pinagtatrabahuan, at sa inying paaralan.
14:14
Stop the use of incense and candles.
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Pigilang mong gumamit ng insenso at kandila.
14:17
And if you're remodeling your house,
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At kung nagplanong kang ibahin ang bahay mo,
14:19
take out all the carpeting and put in hardwood flooring."
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alisin mo na ang carpet at lagyan mo ng kahoy na sahig."
14:22
Because these solutions are natural,
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Dahil ang solusyon na ito ay natural,
14:24
these solutions are sustainable,
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ang solusyon na ito ay sustainable,
14:26
and these solutions are long-term investments --
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ang mga solusyon na ito ay pangmatagalan --
14:29
long-term investments that we're making
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ginagawa natin ang pangmatagalan puhunan na ito
14:31
for our generation and for future generations.
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para sa ating henerasyon at darating pa.
14:33
Because these environmental solutions
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Dahil ang solusyong pang-kalikasan
14:36
that Julie can make in her home, her workplace and her school
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na kayang magawa ni Julie sa kanyang bahay, pinagtatrabahuan at paaralan
14:39
are impacting everyone that lives around her.
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ay makakaepekto sa lahat ng tao sa paligid niya.
14:42
So I'm very passionate about this research
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Napakamaragasa ako sa pagsaliksik na ito
14:44
and I really want to continue it
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at gusto ko pang ipagpatuloy
14:46
and expand it to more disorders besides asthma,
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at palawakin pa hangang sa mga sakit liban sa hika,
14:49
more respiratory disorders, as well as more pollutants.
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marami pang sakit sa baga at mga pollutants.
14:52
But before I end my talk today,
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Bago ko tapusin ang aking pagsasalita,
14:54
I want to leave you with one saying.
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gusto kong liban kayo sa isang pahayag.
14:56
And that saying is that genetics loads the gun,
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At ang pahayag ay yun genetics ang naglagay ng bala sa baril,
14:59
but the environment pulls the trigger.
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pero ang kapaligiran ang kablit nito.
15:01
And that made a huge impact on me
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At iyan ay may malaking epekto sa akin
15:03
when I was doing this research.
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nung aking ginawa ang pagsaliksik.
15:05
Because what I feel, is a lot of us think
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Dahil naisip ko na karamihan sa atin ay nag-iisip
15:07
that the environment is at a macro level,
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na ang kapaligiran ay nasa malawak na lebel,
15:10
that we can't do anything to change our air quality
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na wala tayong magagawa para baguhin natin ang kwalidad ng ating hangin
15:12
or to change the climate or anything.
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o para baguhin ang klima o anuman.
15:15
But if each one of us takes initiative in our own home,
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Pero kung bawat isa sa atin ay gumawa ng inisyatibo sa ating bahay,
15:18
in our own school and in our own workplace,
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paaralan at pinagtatrabahuan,
15:21
we can make a huge difference in air quality.
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makakagawa tayo ng malaking epekto sa kwalidad ng ating hangin.
15:23
Because remember, we spend 90 percent of our lives indoors.
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Dahil tandaan niyo, 90 porsyento ng ating buhay ay ginugol natin sa ating bahay
15:27
And air quality and air pollutants
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At ang kwalidad ng ating hangin at air pollutants
15:30
have a huge impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients,
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ay may malaking epekto sa kalusugan ng may hikang pasyente,
15:33
anyone with a respiratory disorder
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sinumang may sakit sa baga
15:35
and really all of us in general.
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at lahat naman tayo.
15:37
So I want you to reimagine a world
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Kaya gusto kong mag-isip kayo ng panibagong mundo
15:39
with better air quality,
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na may mas mabuting kwalidad ng hangin
15:41
better quality of life
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mas mabuting buhay
15:43
and better quality of living for everyone
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at mas mabuting pamumuhay sa ating lahat
15:45
including our future generations.
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lakip na sa sunod na henerasyon.
15:47
Thank you.
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Salamat.
15:49
(Applause)
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(Palakpakan)
15:56
Lisa Ling: Right.
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Lisa Ling: Tama.
15:58
Can I have Shree and Lauren come up really quickly?
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Pwede bang umakyat sina Shree at Laureen ng mabilis?
16:03
Your Google Science Fair champions.
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Ang inyong mga kampyon sa Google Science Fair.
16:05
Your winners.
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Ang mga nanalo.
16:07
(Applause)
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(Palakpakan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Lauren Hodge - Science fair winnerLauren Hodge won the 2011 Google Science Fair in the age 13-14 category.
Why you should listen
Lauren Hodge has been competing in science fair projects since she was 7 years old. For her latest project, she investigated the formation of carcinogens in different methods of preparing chicken -- and found a surprising result. That work won first prize in the Google Science Fair's age 13-14 category.
Lauren Hodge | Speaker | TED.com
Shree Bose - Science fair winner
Shree Bose was the grand prize winner at the 2011 Google Science Fair.
Why you should listen
Shree Bose's school system doesn't officially participate in science fairs, so for ten years she entered herself in as many fairs as she could. In 2011 she presented her latest project: determining the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer -- a breakthrough that could improve future treatments. That project earned her the grand prize at the inaugural Google Science Fair.
Shree Bose | Speaker | TED.com
Naomi Shah - Science fair winner
Naomi Shah won the 2011 Google Science Fair in the age 15-16 category.
Why you should listen
Naomi Shah's first word was "why." She went from pestering her parents with questions about organic chemistry and nuclear energy, to a resarch project that developed a novel mathematical model for the effects of air polution on asthmatics. That work won her first place in the Google Science Fair age 15-16 category.
Naomi Shah | Speaker | TED.com