Anil Seth: Your brain hallucinates your conscious reality
אניל סת': כיצד המוח הוזה את המציאות המודעת
How can the "inner universe" of consciousness be explained in terms of mere biology and physics? Anil Seth explores the brain basis of consciousness and self. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
I ceased to exist.
and my brain was filling with anesthetic.
והמוח שלי התמלא בחומר הרדמה.
of detachment and falling apart
drowsy and disoriented,
or anxious about oversleeping,
או לחשוש שישנתם יותר מדי.
of time having passed,
anesthesia is very different.
for five minutes, five hours,
במשך חמש דקות, חמש שעות,
it's a modern kind of magic.
היא סוג מודרני של קסם.
mysteries in science and philosophy.
האחרונות במדע ובפילוסופיה.
of many billions of neurons,
right here and right now.
for each of us is all there is.
תודעה היא כל מה שיש.
mental illness or pain.
joy and suffering,
maybe not too far away,
a sense of its own existence.
for a conscious AI are pretty remote.
מלאכותית תפתח תודעה הם די קטנים.
my research is telling me
with pure intelligence
as living and breathing organisms.
כיצורים חיים ונושמים.
are very different things.
but you probably do have to be alive.
אבל אתם כנראה כן צריכים להיות בחיים.
of the world around us,
and because of our living bodies.
that we know nothing
give rise to consciousness.
the reach of science altogether.
מחוץ ליכולת ההבנה של המדע.
of scientific work in this area.
מחקר מדעי רב מאוד בתחום הזה.
at the University of Sussex,
from all different disciplines
how consciousness happens
come to think about life.
the property of being alive
by physics and chemistry --
פיזיקה וכימיה --
more than just mechanism.
of living systems
reproduction, homeostasis --
started to fade away,
התחילה להתפוגג,
any more magical solutions,
inside brains and bodies,
of what consciousness is
של מהי תודעה
of consciousness try to explain?
of consciousness in two different ways.
בשתי דרכים שונות.
of the world around us,
3D, fully immersive inner movie.
רב-חושי, פנורמי ומכיל.
of being you or being me.
we all cling to most tightly.
שבו אנו דבקים יותר מכל.
of the world around us,
of the brain as a prediction engine.
what's out there in the world.
There's no sound either.
is streams of electrical impulses
to things in the world,
לדברים הקיימים בעולם,
figuring out what's there --
ההבנה של מה יש שם --
these sensory signals
about the way the world is
על האופן שבו מתנהל העולם
of what caused those signals.
של מה גרם לאותות האלה.
of what's out there in the world.
שלו לגבי העולם שבחוץ.
of examples of all this.
about it in a new way.
very different shades of gray, right?
שונים מאוד של אפור, נכון?
exactly the same shade.
of the image here
with a gray-colored bar,
and join them up.
there's no difference at all.
and it looks different.
is using its prior expectations
of the visual cortex
the appearance of a surface,
than it really is.
the brain can use new predictions
להשתמש בציפיות חדשות
and see if you can get anything.
אם אתם מצליחים להבין משהו.
is a really terrible idea.
הוא רעיון ממש גרוע.
I'm just going to replay it.
אני עומד להשמיע אותה שוב.
information coming into the brain
שמגיע לתוך המוח
is your brain's best guess
הניחוש הטוב ביותר של המוח שלכם
what you consciously hear.
basis of perception
on signals coming into the brain
באותות שמגיעים אל המוח
flowing in the opposite direction.
perceive the world,
comes as much, if not more,
באותה מידה, אם לא יותר,
one more example of perception
virtual reality with image processing
המכילה עם עיבוד תמונה
of overly strong perceptual predictions
ציפיות תפיסתיות חזקות במיוחד
we've transformed the world --
an algorithm based on Google's Deep Dream
המבוסס על תוכנת Deep Dream של גוגל
of overly strong perceptual predictions.
של ציפיות תפיסתיות חזקות במיוחד.
this is a very strange thing.
predictions are too strong,
like the kinds of hallucinations
לסוג של הזיות
of uncontrolled perception,
is also a kind of hallucination,
היא גם סוג של הזיה,
are being reigned in
hallucinating all the time,
about our hallucinations,
that your experience of being a self,
שהחוויה של העצמי,
generated by the brain.
might deceive my eyes,
עלולות להטעות את העיניים שלי,
about what it means to be me?
לגבי המשמעות של להיות אני?
and so continuous
וכל כך רציפה,
not to take it for granted.
we experience being a self.
אנו חווים את העצמיות שלנו.
of perceiving the world
of intending to do things
that happen in the world.
and distinctive person over time,
לאורך זמן,
of memories and social interactions.
של זכרונות ואינטרקציות חברתיות.
and neurologists know very well,
in which we experience being a self
אנו חווים את עצמנו
the basic background experience
fragile construction of the brain.
היא מבנה שביר למדי שקיים במוח.
which just like all others,
the experience of being a body
part of its body.
ומה אינו שייך לו.
in neuroscience to illustrate this.
שמדגים את זה.
is placed in front of them.
stroked with a paintbrush
עם המברשת באותו זמן
is in fact part of their body.
between seeing touch and feeling touch
תחושת המגע לראייה של הנגיעה
and is roughly where a hand should be,
בערך איפה שהיד אמורה להיות,
to make its best guess
את הניחוש הטוב ביותר
is in fact part of the body.
all kinds of clever things.
של דברים מתוחכמים.
and startle responses,
של העור ותגובות פתאומיות,
has assimilated the fake hand.
of what our body is
hallucination by the brain.
as objects in the world from the outside,
הקיים בעולם לא רק מבחוץ,
of being a body from the inside.
של היותנו גוף מבפנים.
coming from the inside of the body
about the state of the internal organs,
על מצב האיברים הפנימיים,
what the blood pressure is like,
which we call interoception,
of the internal state of the body --
של מצב הגוף מבפנים --
of the rubber hand illusion.
a virtual reality version of their hand,
בגירסה של מציאות וירטואלית,
with their heartbeat.
in time with their heartbeat,
that it's in fact part of their body.
שהיא למעשה חלק מהגוף שלהם.
are deeply grounded
I want to draw your attention to,
from the inside are very different
the world seems full of objects --
העולם נראה מלא בעצמים --
as an object from the outside.
of the body from within,
much at all unless they go wrong.
אלא אם משהו משתבש.
state of the body
within the tight bounds
בתוך גבולות ברורים
to figure out what's there,
as the causes of sensations.
to control and regulate things,
or how badly that control is going.
עובדת היטב או לא.
of being a self,
mechanisms that keep us alive.
שמחזיקים אותנו בחיים.
all the way through,
that all of our conscious experiences,
שכל החוויות המודעות שלנו,
mechanisms of predictive perception,
מנגנון של חיזוי התפיסה,
drive to stay alive.
our living bodies.
of what's out there.
לגבי מה שנמצא שם בחוץ.
comes from the inside out,
that this applies to our experiences
depend critically on sensory signals
קריטי באותות חושיים
are more about control and regulation
קשורות יותר לשליטה ובקרה
around us and ourselves within it --
of controlled hallucinations
over millions of years of evolution
full of danger and opportunity.
המלא בסכנות ובהזדמנויות.
implications of all this.
השלכות של כל זה.
misperceive the world,
לטעות בתפיסת העולם,
of prediction go wrong.
opportunities in psychiatry and neurology,
רבות בפסיכיאטריה ונוירולוגיה
get at the mechanisms
depression and schizophrenia.
cannot be reduced to or uploaded to
היא דבר שאי אפשר להעלות
are shaped at all levels
that keep us alive.
שמחזיקים אותנו בחיים.
is not going to make them sentient.
לא תהפוך אותם לבעלי תחושות.
way of being conscious.
of possible consciousnesses.
ענק של תודעות אפשריות.
are unique to each of us,
שלנו הם יחודיים עבור כל אחד מאיתנו,
in biological mechanisms
from Copernicus --
מקופרניקוס --
and not apart from the rest of nature.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anil Seth - Cognitive neuroscientistHow can the "inner universe" of consciousness be explained in terms of mere biology and physics? Anil Seth explores the brain basis of consciousness and self.
Why you should listen
In his groundbreaking research, Anil Seth seeks to understand consciousness in health and in disease. As founding co-director of the University of Sussex’s Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, his research bridges neuroscience, mathematics, artificial intelligence, computer science, psychology, philosophy and psychiatry. He has also worked extensively with playwrights, dancers and other artists to shape a truly humanistic view of consciousness and self.
Seth is the editor and co-author of the best-selling 30-Second Brain, a collection of brief and engaging neuroscience vignettes. His forthcoming book The Presence Chamber develops his unique theories of conscious selfhood within the rich historical context of the mind and brain sciences.
Follow Seth on Twitter at @anilkseth, and visit his website at anilseth.com and neurobanter.com. The Sackler Centre, at the University of Sussex, is at sussex.ac.uk/sackler. Seth's work is supported by the Dr. Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation.
Anil Seth | Speaker | TED.com