TED2007
David Gallo: Underwater astonishments
David Gallo pokazuje podvodna čuda
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David Gallo prikazuje zapanjujuće snimke čudesnih morskih bića, uključujući kameleonsku sipu, savršeno kamufliranu hobotnicu i neonska svijetla riba, koje žive u najmračnijim dubinama oceana, vrijedna Times Square-a.
David Gallo - Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
We're going to go on a dive to the deep sea,
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Zaronit ćemo u duboko more.
00:21
and anyone that's had that lovely opportunity knows
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I svatko tko je imao tu lijepu priliku zna
00:25
that for about two and half hours on the way down,
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kako se na oko dva i pol sata na putu prema dolje,
00:27
it's a perfectly positively pitch-black world.
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nalazi savršeno mračni svijet.
00:31
And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window
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I možemo vidjeti tako misteriozne životinje kroz prozor
00:33
that you couldn't describe: these blinking lights --
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da se to ne može opisati. Ove treperuća svijetla:
00:35
a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies.
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svijet bioluminiscencije, poput krijesnica.
00:37
Dr. Edith Widder -- she's now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association --
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Dr. Edith Witter -- ona je sada u Research Conservation Association --
00:41
was able to come up with a camera
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je uspjela napraviti kameru
00:43
that could capture some of these incredible animals,
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koja je mogla uhvatiti neke od tih nevjerojatnih životinja,
00:46
and that's what you're seeing here on the screen.
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i to je to što vidite ovdje na zaslonu.
00:49
That's all bioluminescence. So, like I said: just like fireflies.
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To je sve bioluminiscencija. Dakle, kao što sam rekao: baš poput krijesnica.
00:51
There's a flying turkey under a tree. (Laughter)
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Ovo je leteća purica, pod stablom. (Smijeh)
00:54
I'm a geologist by training. But I love that.
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Znam. Ja sam geolog po struci. No ja ovo volim.
01:01
And you see, some of the bioluminescence
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Možete vidjeti da neki tu bioluminiscenciju
01:03
they use to avoid being eaten,
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koriste kako bi izbjegli da budu pojedeni,
01:04
some they use to attract prey,
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dok ju neki koriste za privlačenje plijena.
01:06
but all of it, from an artistic point of view, is positively amazing.
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No sve to je, s umjetničke točke gledišta, stvarno nevjerojatno.
01:10
And a lot of what goes on inside ...
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I puno onoga što se zbiva unutra --
01:12
there's a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes.
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ovdje je riba sa svjetlećim očima, pulsirajućim očima.
01:14
Some of the colors are designed to hypnotize,
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Neke od boja su dizajnirane kako bi hipnotizirale.
01:17
these lovely patterns. And then this last one,
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Ti krasni uzorci. I onda ovo posljednje:
01:21
one of my favorites, this pinwheel design.
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jedan od mojih favorita, dizajn vjetrenjače.
01:24
Just absolutely amazing, every single dive.
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Apsolutno nevjerojatno, svaki uron.
01:27
That's the unknown world, and today we've only explored about 3 percent
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To je nepoznati svijet. A do danas smo istražili samo 3%
01:30
of what's out there in the ocean.
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onoga što je u oceanima.
01:32
Already we've found the world's highest mountains,
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Već smo pronašli najviše planine na svijetu,
01:34
the world's deepest valleys,
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najdublje doline svijeta,
01:37
underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls --
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podvodna jezera, podvodne slapove --
01:39
a lot of that we shared with you from the stage.
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puno toga smo već s vama podijelili s pozornice.
01:41
And in a place where we thought no life at all,
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A na mjestu gdje smo mislili da uopće nema života,
01:44
we find more life, we think, and diversity and density
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pronašli smo više života, mislimo, i raznolikosti i gustoće,
01:46
than the tropical rainforest, which tells us that
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nego u tropskim prašumama. Što nam govori kako
01:48
we don't know much about this planet at all.
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mi uopće ne znamo mnogo o ovom planetu.
01:50
There's still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises.
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Tu je još 97%, a tih 97% je ili prazno ili prepuno iznenađenja.
01:55
But I want to jump up to shallow water now
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No sada želim skočit i do plitke vode,
01:57
and look at some creatures that are positively amazing.
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i pogledati neka stvorenja koja su doista nevjerojatna.
02:00
Cephalopods -- head-foots. As a kid I knew them as calamari, mostly. (Laughter)
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Cephalopodi -- glavonošci. Kao dijete sam ih poznavao uglavnom kao lignje.
02:05
This is an octopus --
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Ovo je hobotnica.
02:07
this is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biological Lab --
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Ovo je djelo Dr. Rogera Hanlona iz laboratorija za biologiju mora..
02:09
and it's just fascinating how cephalopods can,
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Potpuno je fascinantno kako glavonošci,
02:13
with their incredible eyes, sense their surroundings,
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sa svojim očima, nevjerojatnim očima, opažaju svoje okruženje,
02:15
look at light, look at patterns.
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pogledajte to svjetlo, pogledajte te uzorke.
02:17
Here's an octopus moving across the reef,
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Ovdje je hobotnica koja se kreće preko grebena.
02:20
finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background.
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Nalazi mjesto da se smiri, sklupča se i zatim nestaje u pozadini.
02:25
Tough thing to do.
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Teška stvar za učiniti.
02:27
In the next bit, we're going to see a couple squid.
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U sljedećem isječku, vidjet ćemo par lignji.
02:29
These are squid. Now males, when they fight,
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Ovo je lignja. Mužjaci, kada se bore,
02:31
if they're really aggressive, they turn white.
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ako su stvarno agresivni, postaju bijeli.
02:32
And these two males are fighting,
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A ova dva mužjaka se bore.
02:34
they do it by bouncing their butts together,
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Čine to međusobnim udaranjem svojih zadaka,
02:36
which is an interesting concept. Now, here's a male on the left
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što je zanimljiv koncept. Ovo je mužjak na lijevoj strani
02:39
and a female on the right,
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a ženka na desnoj strani.
02:41
and the male has managed to split his coloration
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Mužjak je uspio podijeliti svoju obojanost,
02:44
so the female only always sees the kinder gentler squid in him.
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tako da ženka uvijek vidi samo njegovu nježniju, dobroćudnu stranu.
02:46
And the male ... (Laughter) We're going to see it again.
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A mužjak - (smijeh). Vidjet ćemo to ponovo.
02:51
Let's take a look at it again. Watch the coloration:
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Pogledajmo ponovo. Pratite obojanost:
02:54
white on the right, brown on the left.
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bijela na desnoj, smeđa na lijevoj strani.
02:57
He takes a step back -- so he's keeping off the other males
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On uzima korak natrag, tako da odvrati ostale mužjake
03:01
by splitting his body -- and comes up on the other side ...
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podjelom svog tijela i dolazi s druge strane...
03:04
Bingo! Now I'm told that's
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Bingo! Rečeno mi je da ovo
03:06
not just a squid phenomenon with males, but I don't know.
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nije samo fenomen kod mužjaka lignji, no što ja znam.
03:08
(Laughter)
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(Pljesak)
03:11
Cuttlefish. I love cuttlefish. This is a Giant Australian Cuttlefish.
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Sipa. Volim sipu. Ovo je divovska australska sipa.
03:14
And there he is, his droopy little eyes up here.
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I ovdje je. Njezine male ispupčene oći ovdje gore.
03:17
But they can do pretty amazing things, too.
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No one mogu činiti prilično nevjerojatne stvari.
03:20
Here we're going to see one backing into a crevice, and
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Ovdje ćemo vidjeti kako jedna uzmiće u procjep, i --
03:24
watch his tentacles --
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gledajte njezine krakove.
03:26
he just pulls them in, makes them look just like algae.
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Ona ih samo uvuče. I izgleda kao alga.
03:29
Disappears right into the background.
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Potpuno nestaje u pozadini.
03:32
Positively amazing. Here's two males fighting.
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Stvarno nevjerojatno. Ovdje se bore dva mužjaka.
03:34
Once again, they're smart enough, these cephalopods;
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Još jednom, oni su dovoljno pametni, ti glavonošci --
03:37
they know not to hurt each other.
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oni znaju kako ne povrijediti jedni druge.
03:39
But look at the patterns that they can do with their skin.
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No pogledajte te uzorke što mogu učiniti od svoje kože. OK?
03:42
That's an amazing thing.
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Stvarno zapanjujuća stvar.
03:44
Here's an octopus. Sometimes they don't want to be seen when they move
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Evo hobotnice. Ponekad ne žele biti vidljive kada su u pokretu,
03:47
because predators can see them.
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jer bi ih predatori mogli vidjeti.
03:49
Here, this guy actually can make himself look like a rock,
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Evo, ova se zapravo može preobraziti u stijenu
03:51
and, looking at his environment,
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i gledajući svoju okolinu,
03:54
can actually slide across the bottom,
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može zapravo kliziti po dnu,
03:56
using the waves and the shadows so he can't be seen.
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koristeći valove i sjene da ne bude viđena.
03:59
His motion blends right into the background --
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Ona se samo uklopi u okolinu; njezini pokreti se stope s pozadinom.
04:04
the moving rock trick. So, we're learning lots new from the shallow water.
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Trik pokretnog kamena. Učimo mnogo toga novog iz plitkih voda.
04:09
Still exploring the deep,
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Još uvijek istražujemo duboku vodu,
04:11
but learning lots from the shallow water.
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no učimo mnogo novog i iz plitkih voda.
04:12
There's a good reason why: the shallow water's
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Postoji dobar razlog zašto: plićaci su
04:14
full of predators -- here's a barracuda --
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ispunjeni predatorima. Evo barakude.
04:16
and if you're an octopus or a cephalopod,
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I ako ste hobotnica ili glavonožac
04:18
you need to really understand how to use your surroundings to hide.
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stvarno razumijete kako iskoristiti okruženje za skrivanje.
04:21
In the next scene, you're going to see a nice coral bottom.
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U sljedećoj sceni vidjeti ćete lijepo koraljno dno.
04:23
And you see that an octopus would stand out
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Primjećujete da bi se hobotnica ovdje isticala
04:25
very easily there if you couldn't use your camouflage,
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vrlo lako, ako se ne bi mogla kamuflirati,
04:28
use your skin to change color and texture.
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koristiti svoju kožu u promjeni boje i teksture.
04:30
Here's some algae in the foreground ...
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Evo nekih algi u prvom planu.
04:34
and an octopus. Ain't that amazing? Now, Roger spooked him
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I hobotnice. Nije li to zapanjujuće? Sada, Roger ju je prestrašio,
04:41
so he took off in a cloud of ink, and when he
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pa je nestala u oblaku tinte. Kada se
04:44
lands the octopus says, "Oh, I've been seen.
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zaustavi, hobotnica kaže, "Oh, bila sam viđena.
04:47
The best thing to do is to get as big as I can get."
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Najbolja stvar koju mogu učiniti je da postanem što mogu veća."
04:49
That big brown makes his eyespot very big.
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Ta velika smeđa površina čini njezino oko vrlo velikim.
04:52
So, he's bluffing. Let's do it backwards --
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Ona blefira. Promatrajmo to unazad.
04:54
I thought he was joking when he first showed it to me.
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Mislio sam da se šali kada mi je to pokazao.
04:56
I thought it was all graphics -- so here it is in reverse.
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Mislio sam da je to sve grafika. Dakle, ovo je u unazad.
04:58
Watch the skin color; watch the skin texture.
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Pratite boju kože, gledajte teksturu kože.
05:01
Just an amazing animal, it can change color and texture
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Jednostavno čudesna životinja, može mijenjati boju i teksturu
05:04
to match the surroundings. Watch him blend right into this algae.
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kako bi se stopila sa okruženjem. Pogledajte kako se stapa sa tim algama.
05:08
One, two, three. (Applause)
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Jedan. Dva. Tri.
05:13
And now he's gone, and so am I. Thank you very much.
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I sada je otišla, a i ja ću također. Puno vam hvala.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Gallo - OceanographerA pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land.
Why you should listen
David Gallo works to push the bounds of oceanic discovery. Active in undersea exploration (sometimes in partnership with legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard), he was one of the first oceanographers to use a combination of manned submersibles and robots to map the ocean world with unprecedented clarity and detail. He was a co-expedition leader during an exploration of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, using Russian Mir subs.
On behalf of the Woods Hole labs, he appears around the country speaking on ocean and water issues. Most recently he co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the RMS Titanic and he co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreck site of Air France flight 447. He is involved in planning an international Antarctic expedition to locate and document the wreckage of Ernest Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance.
David Gallo | Speaker | TED.com