TEDGlobal 2009
Carolyn Steel: How food shapes our cities
Caroly Steel: Kako hrana oblikuje naše gradove
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Svakoga dana, u gradu veličine Londona, servira se 30 milijuna obroka. Ali odakle sva hrana dolazi? Arhitektica Carolyn Steel raspravlja o svakodnevnom čudu prehranjivanja grada i pokazuje kako su antički putovi hrane oblikovali moderan svijet.
Carolyn Steel - Food urbanist
Food is a shared necessity -- but also a shared way of thinking, argues Carolyn Steel. Looking at food networks offers an unusual and illuminating way to explore how cities evolved. Full bio
Food is a shared necessity -- but also a shared way of thinking, argues Carolyn Steel. Looking at food networks offers an unusual and illuminating way to explore how cities evolved. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
How do you feed a city?
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Kako biste nahranili grad?
00:16
It's one of the great questions of our time.
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To je jedno od većih pitanja današnjice.
00:18
Yet it's one that's rarely asked.
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Ipak rijetko se postavlja.
00:20
We take it for granted that if we go into a shop
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Uzimamo zdravo za gotovo da ako odemo u trgovinu
00:23
or restaurant, or indeed into this theater's foyer in about an hour's time,
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ili restoran, ili u predvorje kazališta na sat vremena,
00:27
there is going to be food there waiting for us,
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da će biti hrane koja nas čeka
00:30
having magically come from somewhere.
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i koja je čarobno odnekuda došla.
00:32
But when you think that every day for a city the size of London,
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Ali ako razmislite o tome da svakodnevno za grad veličine Londona,
00:37
enough food has to be produced,
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dovoljno hrane treba biti proizvedeno,
00:40
transported, bought and sold,
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transportirano, kupljeno i prodano,
00:43
cooked, eaten, disposed of,
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kuhano, pojedeno, zbrinuto,
00:47
and that something similar has to happen every day
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i da se nešto tomu slično treba svakodnevno događati
00:49
for every city on earth,
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u svakom gradu na zemlji,
00:51
it's remarkable that cities get fed at all.
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izvanredno je da se gradovi uopće prehrane.
00:54
We live in places like this as if
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Živimo u takvim mjestima kao da su
00:56
they're the most natural things in the world,
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to najprirodnija mjesta na svijetu,
00:59
forgetting that because we're animals
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zaboravljajući da stoga što smo životinje
01:01
and that we need to eat,
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i jer moramo jesti,
01:03
we're actually as dependent on the natural world
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zapravo ovisimo o prirodnome svijetu
01:07
as our ancient ancestors were.
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kao naši drevni preci.
01:09
And as more of us move into cities,
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I što nas se više seli u gradove,
01:11
more of that natural world is being
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sve se više prirodnog svijeta
01:14
transformed into extraordinary landscapes like the one behind me --
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pretvara u nevjerojatne krajeve kao što je ovaj iza mene,
01:17
it's soybean fields in Mato Grosso in Brazil --
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to su polja soje u Mata Grossu, u Brazilu,
01:20
in order to feed us.
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kako bi nas prehranio.
01:23
These are extraordinary landscapes,
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Ovo su nevjerojatni krajolici.
01:25
but few of us ever get to see them.
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Ali malo nas ih ikada vidi.
01:27
And increasingly these landscapes
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I sve je češće da ovakvi krajolici
01:29
are not just feeding us either.
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ne prehranjuju samo nas.
01:31
As more of us move into cities,
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Što nas se više seli u gradove,
01:33
more of us are eating meat,
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sve nas više jede meso,
01:35
so that a third of the annual grain crop globally
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i tako trećina svjetskih godišnjih usjeva žitarica
01:38
now gets fed to animals
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odlazi na prehranu životinja
01:40
rather than to us human animals.
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negoli nas ljudskih životinja.
01:42
And given that it takes three times as much grain --
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A činjenica da je potrebno tri puta više žitarica --
01:46
actually ten times as much grain --
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zapravo deset puta više žitarica --
01:48
to feed a human if it's passed through an animal first,
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da bi se nahranilo čovjeka ako se prije toga hranilo životinju,
01:51
that's not a very efficient way of feeding us.
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to nije najefikasniji način da se prehranimo.
01:56
And it's an escalating problem too.
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I to je zapravo eskalirajući problem.
01:58
By 2050, it's estimated that twice the number
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Procjenjuje se da će se do 2050. udvostručiti broj
02:01
of us are going to be living in cities.
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nas koji ćemo živjeti u gradovima.
02:03
And it's also estimated that there is going to be twice as much
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I procjenjuje se da će biti potrebno duplo više
02:05
meat and dairy consumed.
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mesa i mliječnih proizvoda za potrošnju.
02:07
So meat and urbanism are rising hand in hand.
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Dakle meso i urbanizam se povećavaju zajedno.
02:12
And that's going to pose an enormous problem.
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I to će predstavljati golemi problem.
02:14
Six billion hungry carnivores to feed,
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Nahraniti šest milijardi gladnih mesoždera,
02:17
by 2050.
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do 2050.
02:21
That's a big problem. And actually if we carry on as we are,
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To je veliki problem. I zapravo ako nastavimo kao sada,
02:23
it's a problem we're very unlikely to be able to solve.
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to je problem kojeg vrlo vjerojatno nećemo moći riješiti.
02:26
Nineteen million hectares of rainforest are lost every year
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19 milijuna hektara prašume nestane svake godine
02:30
to create new arable land.
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da bi se stvorila nova obradiva površina zemlje.
02:32
Although at the same time we're losing an equivalent amount
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Iako u isto vrijeme gubimo jednaku količinu
02:35
of existing arables to salinization and erosion.
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postojećih obradivih površina zbog salinizacije i erozije.
02:39
We're very hungry for fossil fuels too.
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Također smo pohlepni i za fosilnim gorivima.
02:42
It takes about 10 calories to produce every calorie
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Potrebno je 10 kalorija da bi se proizvela jedna kalorija
02:45
of food that we consume in the West.
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hrane koju konzumiramo na Zapadu.
02:49
And even though there is food that we are producing at great cost,
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Iako postoji hrana koju proizvodimo uz veliki trošak
02:53
we don't actually value it.
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zapravo je ne cijenimo.
02:55
Half the food produced in the USA is currently thrown away.
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Polovica hrane proizvedeno u SAD-u se trenutno baca.
02:59
And to end all of this, at the end of this long process,
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I na kraju svega, na kraju tog dugog procesa,
03:02
we're not even managing to feed the planet properly.
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ne uspijevamo valjano prehraniti planet.
03:05
A billion of us are obese, while a further billion starve.
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Milijardu nas je pretilo dok druga milijarda gladuje.
03:10
None of it makes very much sense.
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Ništa od toga nema pretjerano smisla.
03:12
And when you think that 80 percent of global trade in food now
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I kada razmislite da upravo 80 posto svjetske trgovine hranom
03:15
is controlled by just five multinational corporations,
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kontrolira tek pet multinacionalnih korporacija,
03:20
it's a grim picture.
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to je strašna slika.
03:22
As we're moving into cities, the world is also embracing a Western diet.
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Kako se selimo u gradove, svijet prihvaća zapadnjačku prehranu.
03:25
And if we look to the future,
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I ako pogledamo u budućnost
03:28
it's an unsustainable diet.
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to je neodrživa prehrana.
03:30
So how did we get here?
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Kako smo došli ovdje?
03:32
And more importantly, what are we going to do about it?
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I još važnije, što ćemo učiniti?
03:35
Well, to answer the slightly easier question first,
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Pa, prvo da odgovorim na nešto jednostavnije pitanje,
03:39
about 10,000 years ago, I would say,
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prije otprilike 10 000 godina, rekla bih,
03:41
is the beginning of this process
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započeo je taj proces.
03:43
in the ancient Near East,
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Na drevnom Bliskom istoku,
03:45
known as the Fertile Crescent.
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poznatom kao Dolina plodnog polumjeseca.
03:47
Because, as you can see, it was crescent shaped.
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Jer kao što vidite ima oblik polumjeseca.
03:49
And it was also fertile.
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I isto tako, vrlo je plodna.
03:51
And it was here, about 10,000 years ago,
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I tu su, prije otprilike 10 000 godina,
03:54
that two extraordinary inventions,
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nastala ta dva izvanredna izuma,
03:56
agriculture and urbanism, happened
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poljoprivreda i urbanizam,
03:59
roughly in the same place and at the same time.
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približno na istome mjestu i u isto vrijeme.
04:02
This is no accident,
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To nije slučajnost.
04:04
because agriculture and cities are bound together. They need each other.
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Jer su poljoprivreda i gradovi međusobno povezani. Trebaju jedno drugo.
04:08
Because it was discovery of grain
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Pronalazak žitarica,
04:10
by our ancient ancestors for the first time
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od strane naših predaka, po prvi je put,
04:13
that produced a food source that was large enough
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stvorio izvor hrane dovoljan
04:16
and stable enough to support permanent settlements.
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i stabilan da održava trajna naselja.
04:20
And if we look at what those settlements were like,
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I ako pogledamo izgled tih naselja,
04:22
we see they were compact.
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vidimo da su bila vrlo zbijena.
04:24
They were surrounded by productive farm land
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Bila su okružena plodnim poljoprivrednim zemljištem
04:26
and dominated by large temple complexes
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i dominirali su veliki hramski kompleksi
04:29
like this one at Ur,
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poput ovoga u Uru,
04:31
that were, in fact, effectively,
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koji su, zapravo, bili učinkoviti
04:33
spiritualized, central food distribution centers.
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duhovni, središnji centri za distribuciju hrane
04:36
Because it was the temples that organized the harvest,
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jer su hramovi organizirali žetvu,
04:39
gathered in the grain, offered it to the gods,
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prikupljali žitarice, prinosili ih bogovima,
04:41
and then offered the grain that the gods didn't eat back to the people.
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i zatim nudili žitarice koje bogovi nisu pojeli natrag ljudima.
04:45
So, if you like,
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I time, ako želite,
04:47
the whole spiritual and physical life of these cities
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čitav duhovni i tjelesni život tih gradova
04:49
was dominated by the grain and the harvest
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je bio obilježen žitaricama i žetvom
04:52
that sustained them.
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koja ih je održavala.
04:55
And in fact, that's true of every ancient city.
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I to je zapravo istina za svaki drevni grad.
04:58
But of course not all of them were that small.
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No naravno nisu svi bili tako mali.
05:00
Famously, Rome had about a million citizens
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Poznato je da je Rim imao oko milijun građana
05:03
by the first century A.D.
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u prvom stoljeću A.D.
05:05
So how did a city like this feed itself?
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Kako se takav grad prehranjivao?
05:09
The answer is what I call "ancient food miles."
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Odgovor je u onom što ja nazivam "drevnim putovima hrane".
05:12
Basically, Rome had access to the sea,
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U osnovici, Rim je imao pristup moru,
05:15
which made it possible for it to import food from a very long way away.
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što je omogućilo da se uvozi hrana iz dalekih krajeva.
05:18
This is the only way it was possible to do this in the ancient world,
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To je bio jedini mogući način da se to čini u drevnome svijetu
05:21
because it was very difficult to transport food over roads,
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jer je bilo vrlo teško prevoziti hranu cestama,
05:24
which were rough.
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koje su bile neravne.
05:26
And the food obviously went off very quickly.
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I hrana je očigledno nestajala vrlo brzo.
05:28
So Rome effectively waged war
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I tako je Rim učinkovito vodio rat
05:30
on places like Carthage and Egypt
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u mjestima poput Kartage i Egipta
05:33
just to get its paws on their grain reserves.
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kako bi se dočepao skladišta žitarica.
05:35
And, in fact, you could say that the expansion of the Empire
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I zapravo se može reći da je ekspanzija Carstva
05:38
was really sort of one long, drawn out
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bila u stvarnosti jedno dugo, otegnuto
05:41
militarized shopping spree, really.
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militarizirano masovno kupovanje.
05:43
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:45
In fact -- I love the fact, I just have to mention this:
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Činjenica je -- volim činjenice, moram to spomenuti:
05:47
Rome in fact used to import oysters from London,
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Rim je zapravo uvozio kamenice iz Londona,
05:50
at one stage. I think that's extraordinary.
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u jednom razdoblju. Mislim da je to izvanredno.
05:52
So Rome shaped its hinterland
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Dakle Rim je stvorio zaleđe
05:55
through its appetite.
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kroz svoj apetit.
05:57
But the interesting thing is that the other thing also
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Ali zanimljiva je stvar da se nešto drugo također
05:59
happened in the pre-industrial world.
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dogodilo u predindustrijskom svijetu.
06:01
If we look at a map of London in the 17th century,
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Ako pogledamo kartu Londona iz 17. stoljeća,
06:04
we can see that its grain, which is coming in from the Thames,
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možemo vidjeti da su žitarice, koje su dolazile Temzom,
06:07
along the bottom of this map.
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na dnu ove karte.
06:09
So the grain markets were to the south of the city.
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Tržnice žitarica su bile u južnom dijelu grada.
06:12
And the roads leading up from them
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A ceste koje su vodile od njih
06:14
to Cheapside, which was the main market,
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do Cheapsidea, koji je bio glavna tržnica,
06:16
were also grain markets.
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su također bile tržnice žitarica.
06:18
And if you look at the name of one of those streets,
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I ako pogledate imena tih ulica,
06:20
Bread Street, you can tell
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Bread Street, možete reći
06:23
what was going on there 300 years ago.
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što se događalo tamo prije 300 godina.
06:26
And the same of course was true for fish.
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Isto je naravno važilo i za ribu.
06:28
Fish was, of course, coming in by river as well. Same thing.
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Riba je naravno dolazila također rijekom. Ista stvar.
06:31
And of course Billingsgate, famously, was London's fish market,
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I naravno poznati Billingsgate je bio londonska riblja tržnica,
06:34
operating on-site here until the mid-1980s.
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u pogonu na licu mjesta do sredine 1980-ih.
06:38
Which is extraordinary, really, when you think about it.
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Što je izvanredno, zapravo, kada razmislite o tome.
06:40
Everybody else was wandering around
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Svi su lutali okolo
06:42
with mobile phones that looked like bricks
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s mobitelima koji su izgledali kao cigle,
06:44
and sort of smelly fish happening down on the port.
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i, nešto se, smrdljivo riblje događalo dolje u luci.
06:47
This is another thing about food in cities:
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To je još jedna stvar vezana uz hranu u gradovima:
06:50
Once its roots into the city are established,
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Kada su jednom stvoreni korijeni u gradu,
06:53
they very rarely move.
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rijetko su se micali.
06:55
Meat is a very different story
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Meso je drugačija priča
06:57
because, of course, animals could walk into the city.
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jer, naravno, životinje su mogle hodati po gradu.
06:59
So much of London's meat
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Tako je većina londonskog mesa
07:01
was coming from the northwest,
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dolazila sa sjeverozapada,
07:03
from Scotland and Wales.
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iz Škotske i Walesa.
07:05
So it was coming in, and arriving at the city at the northwest,
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Dolazila je i stizala u sjeverozapadni dio grada,
07:08
which is why Smithfield,
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i zato je Smitfield,
07:10
London's very famous meat market, was located up there.
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londonska vrlo poznata tržnica mesa, locirana tamo.
07:13
Poultry was coming in from East Anglia and so on, to the northeast.
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Perad je dolazila iz Istočne Anglije pa do sjeveroistoka.
07:17
I feel a bit like a weather woman doing this. Anyway,
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Osjećam se pomalo kao vremenska prognozerka dok ovo radim. No ipak.
07:18
and so the birds were coming in
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I tako su ptice dolazile
07:22
with their feet protected with little canvas shoes.
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s nogama zaštićenim malim platnenim cipelama.
07:25
And then when they hit the eastern end
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I kada bi stigle do istočnog dijela
07:27
of Cheapside, that's where they were sold,
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Cheapsidea, bile bi prodane.
07:29
which is why it's called Poultry.
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Zbog toga se i naziva Poultry (perad).
07:31
And, in fact, if you look at the map of any city
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I zapravo, ako pogledate kartu bilo kojega grada
07:34
built before the industrial age,
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sagrađenog prije industrijskog doba,
07:38
you can trace food coming in to it.
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možete pratiti hranu koja je dolazila.
07:40
You can actually see how it was physically shaped by food,
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Možete doista vidjeti kako je fizički bio oblikovan zbog hrane,
07:43
both by reading the names of the streets, which give you a lot of clues.
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također i čitajući imena ulica, koja vam daju mnogo tragova.
07:46
Friday Street, in a previous life,
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Friday Street (Ulica petka), u prijašnjem životu,
07:48
is where you went to buy your fish on a Friday.
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je gdje biste petkom išli kupiti ribu.
07:50
But also you have to imagine it full of food.
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Ali morate ju i zamisliti punom hrane.
07:52
Because the streets and the public spaces
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Jer su ulice i javna mjesta
07:55
were the only places where food was bought and sold.
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bila jedina mjesta gdje se hrana kupovala i prodavala.
07:58
And if we look at an image of Smithfield in 1830
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I ako pogledamo izgled Smithfielda 1830.
08:01
you can see that it would have been very difficult to live in a city like this
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možete vidjeti da bi bilo vrlo teško živjeti u ovakvome gradu
08:04
and be unaware of where your food came from.
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i da ne budete svjesni odakle stiže hrana.
08:06
In fact, if you were having Sunday lunch,
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Zapravo, da imate nedjeljni ručak,
08:08
the chances were it was mooing or bleating outside your window
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vrlo je vjerojatno da je mukao ili blejao kroz vaš prozor
08:10
about three days earlier.
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prije tri dana.
08:12
So this was obviously an organic city,
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Dakle očito je da je ovo organski grad,
08:15
part of an organic cycle.
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dio organskog ciklusa.
08:18
And then 10 years later everything changed.
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I onda se 10 godina kasnije sve promijenilo.
08:21
This is an image of the Great Western in 1840.
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Ovo je slika Velike zapadne željeznice 1840.
08:24
And as you can see, some of the earliest train passengers
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I kao što možete vidjeti, neki od najranijih putnika vlakovima
08:26
were pigs and sheep.
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su bile svinje i ovce.
08:28
So all of a sudden, these animals are no longer walking into market.
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I tako iznenada ove životinje više nisu hodale do tržnice.
08:32
They're being slaughtered out of sight and mind,
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Bile su ubijene daleko od očiju i srca,
08:34
somewhere in the countryside.
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negdje na selu.
08:36
And they're coming into the city by rail.
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I dolazile su u grad željeznicom.
08:38
And this changes everything.
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I to mijenja sve.
08:41
To start off with, it makes it possible
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U početku, postaje moguće
08:43
for the first time to grow cities,
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po prvi puta izgraditi gradove,
08:44
really any size and shape, in any place.
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doista bilo koje veličine ili oblika, na bilo kojem mjestu.
08:46
Cities used to be constrained by geography;
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Gradovi su bilo ograničeni geografijom:
08:50
they used to have to get their food through very difficult physical means.
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trebali su doći do hrane vrlo teškim fizičkim sredstvima.
08:53
All of a sudden they are effectively emancipated from geography.
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No iznenada su se vrlo učinkovito odvojili od geografije.
08:57
And as you can see from these maps of London,
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I kao što možete vidjeti ove karte Londona,
09:00
in the 90 years after the trains came,
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u 90 godina nakon što je nastala željeznica,
09:02
it goes from being a little blob that was quite easy to feed
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postao je, od male tvorevine koju je bilo vrlo lako nahraniti,
09:06
by animals coming in on foot, and so on,
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životinjama koje su dolazile pješice, i tako dalje,
09:08
to a large splurge,
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veliko razmetljivo mjesto,
09:10
that would be very, very difficult to feed with anybody on foot,
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koje bi bilo vrlo vrlo teško nahraniti s bilo čim što hoda,
09:13
either animals or people.
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ili životinjama ili ljudima.
09:16
And of course that was just the beginning. After the trains came cars,
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I naravno to je bio tek početak. Nakon vlakova došli su automobili.
09:19
and really this marks the end of this process.
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I to zapravo obilježava kraj ovog procesa.
09:23
It's the final emancipation of the city
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To je konačna emancipacija grada
09:25
from any apparent relationship with nature at all.
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od bilo koje očigledne veze s prirodom.
09:28
And this is the kind of city that's devoid of smell,
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Ovo je vrsta grada lišena smrada,
09:31
devoid of mess, certainly devoid of people,
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lišena gužve, zasigurno lišena ljudi.
09:33
because nobody would have dreamed of walking in such a landscape.
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Jer nitko nije ni sanjao da će hodati u ovakvom okruženju.
09:36
In fact, what they did to get food was they got in their cars,
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Ustvari, da bi došli do hrane uzimali su svoje automobile,
09:39
drove to a box somewhere on the outskirts,
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vozili se do kućice negdje u predgrađu,
09:42
came back with a week's worth of shopping,
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vraćali se s tjednim zalihama kupovine,
09:44
and wondered what on earth to do with it.
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i pitali se što da sada rade s tim.
09:46
And this really is the moment when our relationship,
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I to je zasigurno trenutak kada se naša veza,
09:49
both with food and cities, changes completely.
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i s hranom i s gradovima, u potpunosti mijenja.
09:52
Here we have food -- that used to be the center,
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Ovdje imamo hranu -- koja je nekada bila centar,
09:55
the social core of the city -- at the periphery.
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društvena jezgra grada -- u predgrađu.
09:58
It used to be a social event, buying and selling food.
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Nekada je to bio društveni događaj, kupovina i prodaja hrane.
10:00
Now it's anonymous.
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Sada je anonimno.
10:02
We used to cook; now we just add water,
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Nekada smo kuhali; sada samo dodajemo vodu,
10:04
or a little bit of an egg if you're making a cake or something.
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ili malo jaja ako radite tortu ili nešto.
10:09
We don't smell food to see if it's okay to eat.
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Ne mirišemo hranu kako bismo osjetili je li je u redu jesti.
10:13
We just read the back of a label on a packet.
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Samo pročitamo oznaku na pozadini paketa.
10:16
And we don't value food. We don't trust it.
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I ne cijenimo hranu. Ne vjerujemo joj.
10:19
So instead of trusting it, we fear it.
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Umjesto da joj vjerujemo, strah nas je.
10:21
And instead of valuing it, we throw it away.
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Umjesto da je cijenimo, bacamo je.
10:25
One of the great ironies of modern food systems
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Jedna od većih ironija modernog sustava prehrane
10:28
is that they've made the very thing they promised
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je da su učinili ono što su obećali
10:30
to make easier much harder.
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da jednostavnije učine težim.
10:32
By making it possible to build cities anywhere and any place,
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Time što se omogućila izgradnja gradova bilo gdje i na bilo kojem mjestu,
10:36
they've actually distanced us from our most important relationship,
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zapravo su nas distancirali od naše najvažnije veze,
10:40
which is that of us and nature.
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one između nas i prirode.
10:43
And also they've made us dependent on systems that only they can deliver,
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Također učinili su nas ovisnima o sustavu kojeg samo oni mogu isporučiti,
10:46
that, as we've seen, are unsustainable.
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koji je, kao što smo vidjeli, neodrživ.
10:48
So what are we going to do about that?
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I što ćemo poduzeti u vezi s tim?
10:51
It's not a new question.
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To nije novo pitanje.
10:53
500 years ago it's what Thomas More was asking himself.
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Prije 500 godina Thomas Moore se zapitao.
10:57
This is the frontispiece of his book "Utopia."
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Ovo je naslovnica njegove knjige "Utopija".
11:00
And it was a series of semi-independent city-states,
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Riječ je o nizu polu-neovisnih gradova-država,
11:03
if that sounds remotely familiar,
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ako to zvuči imalo poznato,
11:05
a day's walk from one another where everyone was basically farming-mad,
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na dan hoda udaljenosti jedan od drugoga gdje su svi bili ludi za uzgojem,
11:08
and grew vegetables in their back gardens,
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i sadili su povrće u svojim vrtovima,
11:10
and ate communal meals together, and so on.
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jeli zajedno zajedničke obroke, i tako dalje.
11:12
And I think you could argue that
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Mislim da možemo reći da je
11:14
food is a fundamental ordering principle of Utopia,
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hrana temeljno uređivačko načelo Utopije.
11:17
even though More never framed it that way.
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Iako Moore nikada to nije na taj način formulirao.
11:20
And here is another very famous "Utopian" vision,
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Ovdje je još jedna verzija poznate utopijske vizije,
11:23
that of Ebenezer Howard, "The Garden City."
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ona Ebenezera Howardsa, "Vrtni grad".
11:25
Same idea: series of semi-independent city-states,
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Ista zamisao. Niz polu-neovisnih gradova-država.
11:28
little blobs of metropolitan stuff with arable land around,
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Male tvorevine metropola s okolnom obradivom zemljom,
11:32
joined to one another by railway.
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povezane željeznicom.
11:34
And again, food could be said to be
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I ponovno, za hranu se može reći da je
11:36
the ordering principle of his vision.
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uređivačko načelo njegove vizije.
11:39
It even got built, but nothing to do with
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Čak se i sagradila, ali nema nikakve veze s
11:41
this vision that Howard had.
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vizijom koju je Howard imao.
11:43
And that is the problem with these Utopian ideas,
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I to je problem s tim utopijskim idejama,
11:46
that they are Utopian.
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to što su utopijske.
11:48
Utopia was actually a word that Thomas Moore used deliberately.
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Utopija je zapravo bila riječ koju je Thomas Moore namjerno koristio.
11:51
It was a kind of joke, because it's got a double derivation from the Greek.
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To je bila vrsta šale. Jer ima duplo značenje u grčkom jeziku.
11:55
It can either mean a good place, or no place.
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Može označavati dobro mjesto ili nepostojanje mjesta.
11:57
Because it's an ideal. It's an imaginary thing. We can't have it.
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Jer je idealno. Imaginarna stvar. Ne možemo je imati.
12:01
And I think, as a conceptual tool
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Mislim da nam, kao konceptualni alat
12:03
for thinking about the very deep problem of human dwelling,
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za razmišljanje o stvarno dubokom problemu ljudskog stanovanja
12:06
that makes it not much use.
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baš i nije od koristi.
12:08
So I've come up with an alternative,
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I tako sam smislila alternativu,
12:11
which is Sitopia, from the ancient Greek,
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Sitopiju, iz starog grčkog,
12:14
"sitos" for food, and "topos" for place.
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"sitos" je za hranu, a "topos" za mjesto.
12:16
I believe we already live in Sitopia.
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Vjerujem da već živimo u Sitopiji.
12:18
We live in a world shaped by food,
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Živimo u svijetu oblikovanom hranom,
12:21
and if we realize that, we can use food as a really powerful tool --
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i ako to shvatimo, možemo koristiti hranu kao vrlo snažan alat --
12:24
a conceptual tool, design tool, to shape the world differently.
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konceptualni alat, dizajnerski alat, da oblikujemo svijet drugačije.
12:28
So if we were to do that, what might Sitopia look like?
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Ako to učinimo, kako bi Sitopija izgledala?
12:33
Well I think it looks a bit like this.
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Mislim da pomalo izgleda ovako.
12:35
I have to use this slide. It's just the look on the face of the dog.
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Morala sam uzeti ovu sliku. Samo zbog izgleda lica psa.
12:37
But anyway, this is -- (Laughter)
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Ipak, ovo je -- (smijeh)
12:40
it's food at the center of life,
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hrana je u središtu života,
12:42
at the center of family life, being celebrated,
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u središtu obiteljskog života, slavi se,
12:44
being enjoyed, people taking time for it.
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uživa se, ljudi odvajaju vrijeme za nju.
12:46
This is where food should be in our society.
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Na ovaj način hrana treba postojati u našem društvu.
12:49
But you can't have scenes like this unless you have people like this.
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Ali ne možete imati ovakve scene ako nemate ovakve ljude.
12:54
By the way, these can be men as well.
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Usput rečeno, ovo mogu biti i muškarci.
12:56
It's people who think about food,
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Ljudi su ti koji razmišljaju o hrani,
12:59
who think ahead, who plan,
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koji razmišljaju unaprijed, planiraju,
13:01
who can stare at a pile of raw vegetables
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koji mogu gledati u gomilu sirovog povrća
13:03
and actually recognize them.
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i zaista ga prepoznati.
13:05
We need these people. We're part of a network.
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Trebamo te ljude. Mi smo dio mreže.
13:08
Because without these kinds of people we can't have places like this.
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Jer bez takve vrste ljudi ne možemo imati ovakva mjesta.
13:11
Here, I deliberately chose this because it is a man buying a vegetable.
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Ovo sam namjerno odabrala jer muškarac kupuje povrće.
13:14
But networks, markets where food is being grown locally.
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Ali mreže, tržnice na kojima se hrana lokalno uzgaja.
13:18
It's common. It's fresh.
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To je zajedničko. Svježe je.
13:20
It's part of the social life of the city.
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Dio je društvenog života grada.
13:22
Because without that, you can't have this kind of place,
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Jer bez toga ne možete imati ovakva mjesta,
13:25
food that is grown locally and also is part of the landscape,
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hranu koja se lokalno uzgaja i koja je dio okruženja,
13:28
and is not just a zero-sum commodity
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i nije tek kompromisno rješenje,
13:30
off in some unseen hell-hole.
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dolje iz neke nevidljive paklene rupe.
13:32
Cows with a view.
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Krave s pogledom.
13:34
Steaming piles of humus.
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Gomila humusa koja se pari.
13:36
This is basically bringing the whole thing together.
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To zapravo povezuje cijelu stvar.
13:39
And this is a community project
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Ovo je projekt zajednice
13:41
I visited recently in Toronto.
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koju sam nedavno posjetila u Torontu.
13:43
It's a greenhouse, where kids get told
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To je staklenik, u kojem se djeci priča
13:45
all about food and growing their own food.
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o hrani i uzgoju vlastite hrane.
13:48
Here is a plant called Kevin, or maybe it's a
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Ovdje je biljka koja se zove Kevin ili je možda
13:51
plant belonging to a kid called Kevin. I don't know.
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biljka koja pripada djetetu koje se zove Kevin. Ne znam.
13:53
But anyway, these kinds of projects
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Ali zapravo, ovakvi projekti
13:56
that are trying to reconnect us with nature is extremely important.
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kojima se trudi povezati nas s prirodom su nevjerojatno značajni.
14:00
So Sitopia, for me, is really a way of seeing.
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Tako je Sitopija, za mene zapravo način gledanja.
14:02
It's basically recognizing that Sitopia
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To je u osnovi priznanje da Sitopija
14:06
already exists in little pockets everywhere.
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već postoji u malim džepovima svugdje.
14:08
The trick is to join them up,
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Trik ih je povezati,
14:10
to use food as a way of seeing.
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da se hrana koristi kao način gledanja.
14:13
And if we do that, we're going to stop seeing cities
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I ako to napravimo, prestat ćemo gledati gradove
14:16
as big, metropolitan, unproductive blobs, like this.
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kao velike metropolske neproduktivne tvorevine, kao što je ova.
14:19
We're going to see them more like this,
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Gledat ćemo ih više ovako,
14:21
as part of the productive, organic framework
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kao dio produktivnog organskog okvira
14:24
of which they are inevitably a part,
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u kojem čine neizbježan dio,
14:26
symbiotically connected.
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simbiotski povezani.
14:28
But of course, that's not a great image either,
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Ali naravno ni to nije sjajna slika.
14:30
because we need not to be producing food like this anymore.
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Jer ne trebamo proizvoditi hranu više na ovaj način.
14:33
We need to be thinking more about permaculture,
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Trebamo više razmišljati o permakulturi.
14:35
which is why I think this image just
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Zbog toga mislim da ova slika jednostavno
14:37
sums up for me the kind of thinking we need to be doing.
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sažimlje za mene način razmišljanja kojeg se moramo držati.
14:39
It's a re-conceptualization
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To je rekonceptualizacija
14:41
of the way food shapes our lives.
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načina na koji hrana oblikuje naše živote.
14:44
The best image I know of this is from 650 years ago.
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Najbolja slika za koju znam je otprije 650 godina.
14:47
It's Ambrogio Lorenzetti's "Allegory of Good Government."
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Ovo je "Alegorija dobre vladavine" Ambrogia Lorenzettija.
14:50
It's about the relationship between the city and the countryside.
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Riječ je o vezi grada i sela.
14:53
And I think the message of this is very clear.
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Mislim da je poruka vrlo jasna.
14:56
If the city looks after the country,
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Ako se grad brine o selu,
14:58
the country will look after the city.
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selo će se brinuti o gradu.
15:00
And I want us to ask now,
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Želim da se sada upitamo
15:02
what would Ambrogio Lorenzetti paint
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što bi Ambrogio Lorenzetti naslikao
15:05
if he painted this image today?
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da slika ovaj prikaz danas.
15:07
What would an allegory of good government look like today?
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Kako bi alegorija dobre vladavine danas izgledala?
15:10
Because I think it's an urgent question.
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Jer mislim da je to goruće pitanje.
15:12
It's one we have to ask,
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Ono je koje si moramo postaviti,
15:14
and we have to start answering.
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I moramo početi odgovarati.
15:16
We know we are what we eat.
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Znamo da smo ono što jedemo.
15:19
We need to realize that the world is also what we eat.
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Trebamo shvatiti da je i svijet ono što jedemo.
15:21
But if we take that idea, we can use food
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I ako prihvatimo tu ideju, možemo koristiti hranu
15:23
as a really powerful tool to shape the world better.
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kao vrlo snažan alat da oblikujemo svijet nabolje.
15:27
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
15:29
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carolyn Steel - Food urbanistFood is a shared necessity -- but also a shared way of thinking, argues Carolyn Steel. Looking at food networks offers an unusual and illuminating way to explore how cities evolved.
Why you should listen
The question of how to feed cities may be one of the biggest contemporary questions, yet it's never asked: we take for granted that if we walk into a store or a restaurant, food will be there, magically coming from somewhere. Yet, think of it this way: just in London, every single day, 30 million meals must be provided. Without a reliable food supply, even the most modern city would collapse quickly. And most people today eat food of whose provenance they are unaware.
Architect and author Carolyn Steel uses food as a medium to "read" cities and understand how they work. In her book Hungry City she traces -- and puts into historical context -- food's journey from land to urban table and thence to sewer. Cities, like people, are what they eat.
Carolyn Steel | Speaker | TED.com