TEDxBerlin
Peter Eigen: How to expose the corrupt
Peter Eigen: Kako razotkriti korumpirane
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Izvor nekih od najtežih svjetskih društvenih problema, kaže Peter Eigen, može se naći u sustavnoj, raširenoj korupciji vlada koje se s globalnim kompanijama slažu kao ruka s rukavicom. Na događaju TEDxBerlin, Eigen opisuje uzbudljivi protunapad kojeg je povela njegova organizacija, Transparency International.
Peter Eigen - Founder, Transparency International
As a director of the World Bank in Nairobi, Peter Eigen saw firsthand how devastating corruption can be. He's founder of Transparency International, an NGO that works to persuade international companies not to bribe. Full bio
As a director of the World Bank in Nairobi, Peter Eigen saw firsthand how devastating corruption can be. He's founder of Transparency International, an NGO that works to persuade international companies not to bribe. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I am going to speak about corruption,
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Govorit ću o korupciji,
00:17
but I would like to juxtapose
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ali bih volio promatrati
00:20
two different things.
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dvije različite stvari.
00:22
One is the large global economy,
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Jedna je velika globalna ekonomija,
00:27
the large globalized economy,
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velika globalizirana ekonomija,
00:30
and the other one is the small, and very limited,
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a druga je mali i vrlo ograničen
00:33
capacity of our traditional governments
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kapacitet tradicionalnih vlada
00:37
and their international institutions
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i njihovih međunarodnih institucija
00:39
to govern, to shape, this economy.
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da upravljaju i oblikuju tu ekonomiju.
00:43
Because there is this asymmetry,
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Budući da postoji ova asimetrija,
00:48
which creates, basically,
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koja, u suštini, rađa
00:51
failing governance.
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neuspješno upravljanje.
00:53
Failing governance in many areas:
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Upravljanje je neuspješno u mnogim područjima,
00:55
in the area of corruption and the area of destruction of the environment,
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na području korupcije, na području razaranja okoliša,
00:59
in the area of exploitation of women and children,
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na području izrabljivanja žena i djece,
01:02
in the area of climate change,
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na području klimatskih promjena.
01:06
in all the areas in which we really need
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U svim područjima u kojima nam zaista treba
01:09
a capacity to reintroduce
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kapacitet da ponovno uvedemo
01:14
the primacy of politics
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prvenstvo politike
01:17
into the economy,
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pred ekonomijom,
01:19
which is operating in a worldwide arena.
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koja je operabilna u globalnoj areni.
01:24
And I think corruption,
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I mislim kako je korupcija,
01:26
and the fight against corruption,
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i borba protiv korupcije,
01:28
and the impact of corruption,
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i učinci korupcije,
01:30
is probably one of the most interesting ways
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jedan od vjerojatno najzanimljivijih načina
01:32
to illustrate what I mean
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za ilustraciju onoga što mislim
01:34
with this failure of governance.
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pod neuspješnim upravljanjem.
01:37
Let me talk about my own experience.
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Dopustite da vam ispričam o svojem vlastitom iskustvu.
01:41
I used to work as the director
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Radio sam kao direktor
01:44
of the World Bank office in Nairobi
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ureda Svjetske banke za istočnu Afriku
01:47
for East Africa.
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u Nairobiju.
01:49
At that time, I noticed
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U to doba, primijetio sam
01:51
that corruption, that grand corruption,
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kako korupcija, velika korupcija,
01:54
that systematic corruption,
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sustavna korupcija,
01:56
was undermining everything we were trying to do.
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podriva sve što smo pokušavali učiniti.
02:00
And therefore, I began
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I zato sam počeo
02:02
to not only try to protect
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ne samo pokušati zaštititi
02:05
the work of the World Bank,
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rad Svjetske banke,
02:07
our own projects, our own programs
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naše vlastite projekte, naše programe
02:09
against corruption,
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od korupcije,
02:11
but in general, I thought, "We need a system
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već sam, općenito, mislio da trebamo sustav
02:14
to protect the people
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koji će štititi ljude
02:16
in this part of the world
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u ovom dijelu svijeta
02:18
from the ravages of corruption."
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od pustošenja korupcije.
02:21
And as soon as I started this work,
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I, čim sam počeo s djelovanjem,
02:24
I received a memorandum from the World Bank,
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primio sam memorandum iz Svjetske banke,
02:27
from the legal department first,
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prvo iz pravnog odjela,
02:29
in which they said, "You are not allowed to do this.
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u kojem su rekli, nije ti dopušteno to činiti.
02:31
You are meddling in the internal affairs of our partner countries.
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Miješaš se u unutarnje stvari zemalja koje su naši partneri.
02:35
This is forbidden by the charter of the World Bank,
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To je zabranjeno statutom Svjetske banke.
02:38
so I want you to stop your doings."
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Pa želimo da prestanete s time.
02:41
In the meantime, I was chairing
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U međuvremenu sam predsjedavao
02:43
donor meetings, for instance,
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sastancima darovatelja, na primjer,
02:45
in which the various donors,
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na kojima su razni donatori,
02:47
and many of them like to be in Nairobi --
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a mnogi od njih vole biti u Nairobiju --
02:50
it is true, it is one of the
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točno je, to je jedan od
02:52
unsafest cities of the world,
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najnesigurnijih gradova svijeta,
02:54
but they like to be there because the other cities
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ali oni vole biti ondje jer su drugi gradovi
02:56
are even less comfortable.
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još neugodniji.
02:59
And in these donor meetings, I noticed
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I na tim sastancima darovatelja, primijetio sam
03:01
that many of the worst projects --
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da mnogi najgori projekti
03:03
which were put forward
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koji su ponuđeni
03:05
by our clients, by the governments,
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od strane naših klijenata, vlada,
03:07
by promoters,
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od strane zagovarača,
03:09
many of them representing
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od kojih mnogi zastupaju
03:11
suppliers from the North --
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dobavljače sa sjevera,
03:13
that the worst projects
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da najgori projekti
03:15
were realized first.
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prvi bivaju realizirani.
03:17
Let me give you an example:
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Dat ću vam primjer.
03:19
a huge power project,
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Ogroman energetski projekt,
03:21
300 million dollars,
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300 milijuna dolara,
03:24
to be built smack into
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kojega treba izgraditi usred
03:26
one of the most vulnerable, and one of the most beautiful,
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jednoga od najranjivijih i najljepših
03:29
areas of western Kenya.
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dijelova zapadne Kenije.
03:32
And we all noticed immediately
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I svi smo odmah primijetili
03:34
that this project had no economic benefits:
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da se od projekta ne može očekivati ekonomska korist.
03:37
It had no clients, nobody would buy the electricity there,
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Nije za nj bilo klijenata. Nitko ondje ne bi kupovao struju.
03:41
nobody was interested in irrigation projects.
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Nitko nije bio zainteresiran za projekte navodnjavanja.
03:43
To the contrary, we knew that this project
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Baš suprotno, znali smo da će onaj projekt
03:46
would destroy the environment:
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razoriti okoliš,
03:48
It would destroy riparian forests,
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razorit će šume uz vodeni tok,
03:50
which were the basis for
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koje su temelj
03:52
the survival of nomadic groups,
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preživljavanja nomadskih skupina,
03:54
the Samburu and the Turkana in this area.
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Samburu i Tokana na tom području.
03:58
So everybody knew this is a, not a useless project,
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Dakle, svi smo znali da je to, ne beskoristan,
04:01
this is an absolute damaging, a terrible project --
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već apsolutno štetan, užasan projekt,
04:04
not to speak about the future indebtedness of the country
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a da i ne pričamo o budućoj zaduženosti zemlje
04:08
for these hundreds of millions of dollars,
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zbog tih stotina milijuna dolara,
04:10
and the siphoning off
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i odlijevanju
04:13
of the scarce resources of the economy
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oskudnih ekonomskih resursa
04:15
from much more important activities
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iz mnogo važnijih aktivnosti
04:18
like schools, like hospitals and so on.
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poput škola, bolnica, i tako dalje.
04:20
And yet, we all rejected this project,
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Ipak, svi smo odbili ovaj projekt.
04:23
none of the donors was willing
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Nijedan donator nije bio spreman
04:25
to have their name connected with it,
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povezati svoje ime s time,
04:28
and it was the first project to be implemented.
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ali je to bio prvi projekt koji se proveo.
04:30
The good projects, which we as a donor community
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Dobri projekti koje bismo mi kao darovatelji
04:33
would take under our wings,
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zdušno prihvatili,
04:35
they took years, you know,
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tražili su godine, znate,
04:37
you had too many studies,
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moralo se uraditi puno studija,
04:39
and very often they didn't succeed.
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i ti projekti vrlo često nisu uspjeli.
04:41
But these bad projects,
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Ali loši projekti,
04:43
which were absolutely damaging -- for the economy
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koji su bili apsolutno štetni za gospodarstvo,
04:45
for many generations, for the environment,
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za mnoge naraštaje, za okoliš,
04:48
for thousands of families who had to be resettled --
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za tisuće obitelji koje je trebalo raseliti.
04:51
they were suddenly put together
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Njih bi iznenada sastavljali
04:53
by consortia of banks,
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konzorciji banaka,
04:56
of supplier agencies,
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dobavljačkih agencija,
04:58
of insurance agencies --
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osiguravateljskih kuća,
05:00
like in Germany, Hermes, and so on --
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poput Hermesa u Njemačkoj, i tako dalje.
05:03
and they came back very, very quickly,
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I oni su se vraćali vrlo, vrlo brzo,
05:05
driven by an unholy alliance
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gurani nemoralnim savezništvom
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between the powerful elites
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između moćnih elita
05:11
in the countries there
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u tim zemljama,
05:13
and the suppliers from the North.
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i dobavljača sa sjevera.
05:15
Now, these suppliers
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Ti su dobavljači
05:17
were our big companies.
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bile naše velike kompanije.
05:19
They were the actors of this global market,
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One su pokretači globalnog tržišta,
05:22
which I mentioned in the beginning.
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koje sam spomenuo na početku.
05:24
They were the Siemenses of this world,
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To su Siemensi ovoga svijeta,
05:27
coming from France, from the UK, from Japan,
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sa sjedištem u Francuskoj, Velikoj Britaniji, Japanu,
05:29
from Canada, from Germany,
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Kanadi, Njemačkoj,
05:31
and they were systematically driven
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i one su vođene sustavno
05:34
by systematic, large-scale corruption.
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sustavnom korupcijom velikih razmjera.
05:37
We are not talking about
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Ne govorimo sada
05:39
50,000 dollars here,
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o 50.000 dolara,
05:41
or 100,000 dollars there, or one million dollars there.
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ili 100.000 dolara ili o milijun dolara.
05:44
No, we are talking about 10 million, 20 million dollars
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Ne, govorimo o 10 milijuna, 20 milijuna,
05:47
on the Swiss bank accounts,
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na računima švicarskih banaka,
05:49
on the bank accounts of Liechtenstein,
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na računima u Liechtensteinu,
05:51
of the president's ministers,
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koji pripadaju predsjednikovim ministrima,
05:55
the high officials in the para-statal sectors.
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visokim dužnosnicima paradržavnih sektora.
05:58
This was the reality which I saw,
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To je stvarnost koju sam vidio,
06:00
and not only one project like that:
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i nisam samo jedan takav projekt,
06:02
I saw, I would say,
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vidio, rekao bih,
06:04
over the years I worked in Africa,
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tijekom godina svoga rada u Africi,
06:06
I saw hundreds of projects like this.
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vidio sam stotine takvih projekata.
06:08
And so, I became convinced
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Pa sam postao uvjeren
06:11
that it is this systematic corruption
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da je sustavna korupcija
06:14
which is perverting economic policy-making in these countries,
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koja kvari ekonomsku politiku u tim zemljama,
06:17
which is the main reason
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glavni razlog
06:20
for the misery, for the poverty,
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bijede, siromaštva,
06:23
for the conflicts, for the violence,
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sukoba, nasilja,
06:25
for the desperation
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i očaja
06:27
in many of these countries.
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u mnogim od tih zemalja.
06:29
That we have today
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Razlog da danas imamo,
06:31
more than a billion people below the absolute poverty line,
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više od milijarde ljudi ispod praga apsolutnog siromaštva,
06:34
that we have more than a billion people
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da na svijetu imamo više od milijarde ljudi
06:37
without proper drinking water in the world,
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bez dobre pitke vode,
06:39
twice that number,
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a dvostruko ih je više,
06:41
more than two billion people
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više od dvije milijarde ljudi
06:43
without sanitation and so on,
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bez osnovne sanitacije, i tako dalje,
06:45
and the consequent illnesses
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kao i, posljedične bolesti
06:47
of mothers and children,
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majki i djece,
06:50
still, child mortality of more than
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još uvijek, smrtnost djece veću od
06:53
10 million people every year,
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10 milijuna ljudi godišnje,
06:55
children dying before they are five years old:
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djecu koja umiru prije nego dožive svoju petu godinu.
06:57
The cause of this is, to a large extent,
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Uzrok ovoga u velikoj je mjeri
07:00
grand corruption.
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grandiozna korupcija.
07:02
Now, why did the World Bank
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Sada, zašto mi Svjetska banka
07:05
not let me do this work?
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nije dopustila djelovanje?
07:08
I found out afterwards,
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Otkrio sam kasnije,
07:11
after I left, under a big fight, the World Bank.
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nakon što sam, nakon velike svađe, napustio Svjetsku banku.
07:14
The reason was that the members of the World Bank
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Razlog je bio u tome što su članice Svjetske banke
07:17
thought that foreign bribery was okay,
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smatrale da je inozemno podmićivanje u redu,
07:20
including Germany.
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uključujući i Njemačku.
07:22
In Germany, foreign bribery was allowed.
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U Njemačkoj, podmićivanje u inozemstvu je dopušteno.
07:24
It was even tax-deductible.
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Čak utječe na smanjenje poreza.
07:27
No wonder that most of the most important
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Nije ni čudo da je većina najvažnijih
07:29
international operators in Germany,
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međunarodnih kompanija u Njemačkoj,
07:32
but also in France and the UK
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ali i u Francuskoj i u Velikoj Britaniji
07:34
and Scandinavia, everywhere, systematically bribed.
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i Skandinaviji, posvuda, sustavno podmićivala.
07:36
Not all of them, but most of them.
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Ne sve, ali većina.
07:39
And this is the phenomenon
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A to je fenomen
07:41
which I call failing governance,
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koji nazivam neuspješnim upravljanjem,
07:44
because when I then came to Germany
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jer kad sam potom došao u Njemačku
07:46
and started this little NGO
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i pokrenuo malu nevladinu organizaciju
07:48
here in Berlin, at the Villa Borsig,
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u Berlinu, u Villa Borsig,
07:52
we were told, "You cannot stop
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rečeno nam je da ne možemo zaustaviti
07:55
our German exporters from bribing,
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njemačke izvoznike da podmićuju,
07:57
because we will lose our contracts.
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jer ćemo izgubiti ugovore.
08:00
We will lose to the French,
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Izgubit ćemo od Francuza,
08:02
we will lose to the Swedes, we'll lose to the Japanese."
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izgubit ćemo od Šveđana, izgubit ćemo od Japanaca,
08:05
And therefore, there was a indeed a prisoner's dilemma,
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i zato, u pitanju je doista zatvorenikova dilema,
08:08
which made it very difficult
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koja je jako otežala
08:10
for an individual company,
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pojedinoj kompaniji,
08:12
an individual exporting country
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pojedinoj zemlji izvoznici
08:15
to say, "We are not going to
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reći: nećemo
08:17
continue this deadly, disastrous
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nastaviti s ovom smrtonosnom, katastrofalnom
08:20
habit of large companies to bribe."
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navikom velikih kompanija da podmićuju.
08:24
So this is what I mean
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To je ono što mislim
08:26
with a failing governance structure,
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pod strukturom neuspješnog upravljanja
08:29
because even the powerful government,
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jer, čak i moćna vlada,
08:31
which we have in Germany, comparatively,
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kakvu imamo u Njemačkoj, u usporedbi s drugima,
08:34
was not able to say,
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nije mogla reći,
08:36
"We will not allow our companies to bribe abroad."
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da nećemo dopustiti našim kompanijama da podmićuju.
08:39
They needed help,
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Trebala im je pomoć,
08:41
and the large companies themselves
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a i same velike kompanije
08:43
have this dilemma.
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su pred dilemom.
08:45
Many of them didn't want to bribe.
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Mnoge od njih nisu željele nuditi mito.
08:47
Many of the German companies, for instance,
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Mnoge njemačke kompanije, na primjer,
08:49
believe that they are really
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vjeruju da doista proizvode
08:51
producing a high-quality product
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proizvod visoke kvalitete
08:53
at a good price, so they are very competitive.
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po dobroj cijeni, pa su vrlo konkurentne.
08:56
They are not as good at bribing
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Nisu tako dobre u podmićivanju
08:59
as many of their international competitors are,
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kao mnogi od njihovih međunarodnih konkurenata,
09:01
but they were not allowed
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ali im nije omogućeno
09:03
to show their strengths,
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da pokažu svoju snagu,
09:05
because the world was eaten up
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jer je svijet izjeden
09:08
by grand corruption.
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velikom korupcijom.
09:10
And this is why I'm telling you this:
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I evo zašto vam ovo pričam,
09:14
Civil society rose to the occasion.
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civilno društvo je bilo doraslo situaciji.
09:18
We had this small NGO,
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Imali smo malu nevladinu udrugu,
09:20
Transparency International.
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Transparency International.
09:22
They began to think of
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Oni su počeli razmišljati
09:24
an escape route from this prisoner's dilemma,
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kako pobjeći iz te zatvorenikove dileme,
09:27
and we developed concepts
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i razvili smo koncepte
09:31
of collective action,
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združenog djelovanja,
09:33
basically trying to bring various competitors
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u načelu, pokušavajući dovesti razne konkurente
09:35
together around the table,
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zajedno za stol,
09:37
explaining to all of them
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objašnjavajući im svima
09:39
how much it would be in their interests
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koliko bi bilo u njihovom interesu
09:41
if they simultaneously would stop bribing,
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ako bi istovremeno prestali podmićivati,
09:43
and to make a long story short,
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i, da skratim priču,
09:46
we managed to eventually
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uspjeli smo, naposlijetku,
09:48
get Germany to sign
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uvjeriti Njemačku da to potpiše,
09:50
together with the other OECD countries
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zajedno s ostalim OECD zemljama,
09:52
and a few other exporters.
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i nekolicinom drugih izvoznica.
09:54
In 1997, a convention,
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Na konvenciji 1997. godine,
09:57
under the auspices of the OECD,
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pod okriljem OECD-a,
09:59
which obliged everybody
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na kojoj su svi obvezani
10:01
to change their laws
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promijeniti svoje zakone
10:03
and criminalize foreign bribery.
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i kriminalizirati inozemno podmićivanje.
10:05
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
10:09
Well, thank you. I mean, it's interesting,
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Pa, hvala vam, mislim, zanimljivo je,
10:11
in doing this,
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baveći se ovime,
10:13
we had to sit together with the companies.
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morali smo sjesti skupa s kompanijama.
10:16
We had here in Berlin, at the Aspen Institute on the Wannsee,
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Ovdje u Berlinu, na institutu Aspen na Wannseeju,
10:19
we had sessions with about
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održali smo skupove s oko
10:21
20 captains of industry,
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20 lidera industrije,
10:23
and we discussed with them
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i diskutirali smo s njima
10:25
what to do about international bribery.
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što učiniti u vezi međunarodnog mita.
10:27
In the first session -- we had three sessions
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U prvoj seansi, imali smo tri skupa
10:29
over the course of two years.
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tijekom dvije godine.
10:31
And President von Weizsäcker, by the way,
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Predsjednik von Weizsäcker, usput,
10:34
chaired one of the sessions, the first one,
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predsjedavao je jednim od skupova, prvim,
10:36
to take the fear away
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kako bi odagnao strah
10:38
from the entrepreneurs,
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poduzetnika,
10:41
who were not used to deal
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koji nisu bili naviknuti na suradnju
10:43
with non-governmental organizations.
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s nevladinim organizacijama.
10:45
And in the first session, they all said,
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I na prvom skupu, svi su rekli,
10:48
"This is not bribery, what we are doing." This is customary there.
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to nije mito, što činimo. To je ondje uobičajeno.
10:51
This is what these other cultures demand.
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To je nešto što te druge kulture zahtijevaju.
10:54
They even applaud it.
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Čak su i pljeskali tome.
10:56
In fact, [unclear]
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Zapravo, [nejasno]
10:58
still says this today.
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još i danas to govore.
11:00
And so there are still a lot of people
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I tako, još uvijek je bilo puno ljudi
11:02
who are not convinced that you have to stop bribing.
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koji nisu uvjereni da trebamo prestati podmićivati.
11:05
But in the second session,
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Ali, na drugom skupu
11:07
they admitted already that they would never do this,
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već su priznali da nikada tako što ne bi činili,
11:09
what they are doing in these other countries,
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ono što čine u tim drugim zemljama,
11:12
here in Germany, or in the U.K., and so on.
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ovdje u Njemačkoj, ili u Velikoj Britaniji i slično.
11:14
Cabinet ministers would admit this.
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Ministri u vladi su to priznali.
11:17
And in the final session, at the Aspen Institute,
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I na posljednjem skupu na institutu Aspen,
11:20
we had them all sign an open letter
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postigli smo da svi potpišu otvoreno pismo
11:23
to the Kohl government, at the time,
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Kohlovoj vladi, koja je bila tada,
11:25
requesting that they
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zahtijevajući da
11:27
participate in the OECD convention.
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sudjeluju na konvenciji OECD-a.
11:29
And this is, in my opinion,
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I to je, po mojem mišljenju,
11:32
an example of soft power,
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primjer meke snage,
11:34
because we were able to convince them
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jer smo ih mogli uvjeriti
11:36
that they had to go with us.
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da nam se moraju pridružiti.
11:38
We had a longer-term time perspective.
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Imali smo dulju vremensku perspektivu.
11:41
We had a broader,
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Imali smo veće,
11:43
geographically much wider,
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zemljopisno puno veće,
11:45
constituency we were trying to defend.
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stanovništvo koje smo nastojali štititi.
11:47
And that's why the law has changed.
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I zato se zakon promijenio.
11:49
That's why Siemens is now in the trouble they are in
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Zbog toga je Siemens sada u nevoljama u kojima jest.
11:52
and that's why MIN is in the trouble they are in.
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I zato je MIN u nevoljama u kojima jest.
11:55
In some other countries, the OECD convention
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U nekim drugim zemljama, konvencija OECD-a
11:58
is not yet properly enforced.
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još nije ispravno provedena.
12:00
And, again, civil societies
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I, opet, civilna društva
12:02
breathing down the neck of the establishment.
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pušu u vrat strukturama moći.
12:05
In London, for instance,
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U Londonu, na primjer,
12:07
where the BAE got away
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gdje se BAE izvukao
12:09
with a huge corruption case,
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iz slučaja ogromne korupcije,
12:11
which the Serious Fraud Office tried to prosecute,
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koji je Ured za prijevare pokušao pravno goniti,
12:15
100 million British pounds,
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100 milijuna britanskih funti,
12:17
every year for ten years,
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svake godine tijekom deset godina,
12:19
to one particular official of one particular friendly country,
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jednom određenom dužnosniku jedne određene prijateljske zemlje,
12:22
who then bought for
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koji je potom
12:24
44 billion pounds of military equipment.
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kupio 44 milijardi funti vojne opreme.
12:28
This case, they are not prosecuting in the UK.
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Taj slučaj ne procesuiraju u Velikoj Britaniji.
12:30
Why? Because they consider this
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Zašto? Zato što to smatraju
12:32
as contrary to the security interest
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suprotnim sigurnosnim interesima
12:35
of the people of Great Britain.
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naroda Velike Britanije.
12:37
Civil society is pushing, civil society
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Civilno društvo gura, civilno društvo
12:39
is trying to get a solution to this problem,
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pokušava iznaći rješenje za ovaj problem
12:42
also in the U.K.,
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i u Velikoj Britaniji
12:44
and also in Japan, which is not properly enforcing,
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i u Japanu koji ovo ne provodi kako treba,
12:46
and so on.
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i tako dalje.
12:48
In Germany, we are pushing
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U Njemačkoj, guramo
12:50
the ratification of the UN convention,
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ratifikaciju UN konvencije,
12:52
which is a subsequent convention.
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koja dolazi nakon one.
12:54
We are, Germany, is not ratifying.
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Mi, Njemačka, ne ratificira.
12:56
Why? Because it would make it necessary
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Zašto? Zato što bi po njoj bilo nužno
12:59
to criminalize the corruption
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kriminalizirati korupciju
13:02
of deputies.
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zamjenika.
13:04
In Germany, we have a system where
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U Njemačkoj imamo sustav u kojem
13:06
you are not allowed to bribe a civil servant,
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vam nije dopušteno podmititi dužnosnika,
13:09
but you are allowed to bribe a deputy.
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ali vam je dopušteno podmititi zamjenika.
13:12
This is, under German law, allowed,
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Po njemačkom zakonu to je dopušteno.
13:15
and the members of our parliament don't want to change this,
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I članovi parlamenta to ne žele promijeniti,
13:17
and this is why they can't sign
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i zato ne mogu potpisati
13:19
the U.N. convention against foreign bribery --
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UN konvenciju protiv inozemnog podmićivanja,
13:22
one of they very, very few countries
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jedna od vrlo, vrlo rijetkih zemalja
13:24
which is preaching honesty and good governance everywhere in the world,
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koja propovijeda poštenje i dobro vladanje širom svijeta,
13:27
but not able to ratify the convention,
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ali nije u stanju ratificirati konvenciju,
13:29
which we managed to get on the books
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koju smo uspjeli uvesti
13:32
with about 160 countries all over the world.
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u nekih 160 zemalja širom svijeta.
13:35
I see my time is ticking.
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Vidim da mi vrijeme istječe.
13:37
Let me just try to
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Dopustite da pokušam
13:39
draw some conclusions from what has happened.
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izvući neke zaključke iz onoga što se dogodilo.
13:42
I believe that what we managed to achieve
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Vjerujem da ono što smo uspjeli postići
13:46
in fighting corruption,
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u borbi protiv korupcije,
13:49
one can also achieve
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čovjek može jednako postići
13:51
in other areas of failing governance.
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i na drugim područjima neuspješnog upravljanja.
13:53
By now, the United Nations
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Danas su Ujedinjeni narodi
13:55
is totally on our side.
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potpuno na našoj strani.
13:57
The World Bank has turned from Saulus to Paulus; under Wolfensohn,
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Svjetska bana se okrenula od Saulusa k Paulusu pod Wolfensohnom,
14:01
they became, I would say, the strongest
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i postali su, rekao bih, najjača
14:04
anti-corruption agency in the world.
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antikorupcijska agencija na svijetu.
14:06
Most of the large companies
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Većina velikih kompanija
14:08
are now totally convinced
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je danas potpuno uvjerena
14:10
that they have to put in place
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da moraju usvojiti
14:12
very strong policies
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vrlo snažnu politiku
14:14
against bribery and so on.
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protiv mita i slično.
14:16
And this is possible because civil society
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A to je moguće zato što se civilno društvo
14:19
joined the companies
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pridružilo kompanijama
14:21
and joined the government
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i pridružilo vladi
14:23
in the analysis of the problem,
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u analizi problema,
14:25
in the development of remedies,
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u razvijanju rješenja,
14:27
in the implementation of reforms,
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u uvođenju reformi,
14:30
and then later, in the monitoring of reforms.
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i, kasnije, u nadziranju reformi.
14:33
Of course, if civil society organizations
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Naravno, ako organizacije civilnog društva
14:36
want to play that role,
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žele takvu ulogu,
14:38
they have to grow into this responsibility.
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moraju sazrijeti za tu odgovornost.
14:42
Not all civil society organizations are good.
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Nisu sve organizacije civilnog društva dobre.
14:45
The Ku Klux Klan is an NGO.
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Ku Klux Klan je nevladina organizacija.
14:48
So, we must be aware
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Dakle, moramo biti svjesni
14:50
that civil society
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da civilno društvo
14:52
has to shape up itself.
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mora i sebe oblikovati.
14:54
They have to have a much more
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Moraju imati puno
14:56
transparent financial governance.
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transparentnije upravljanje financijama.
14:58
They have to have a much more participatory governance
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Moraju puno više surađivati
15:01
in many civil society organizations.
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u mnogim organizacijama civilnog društva.
15:04
We also need much more competence of civil society leaders.
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Također nam treba i puno više kompetentnosti vođa civilnog društva.
15:07
This is why we have set up the governance school
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Iz tog razloga moramo uspostaviti školu upravljanja
15:10
and the Center for Civil Society here in Berlin,
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i Centar za civilno društvo ovdje u Berlinu.
15:12
because we believe most of our educational
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Zato što vjerujemo da se većina naših obrazovnih
15:15
and research institutions in Germany
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i istraživačkih institucija u Njemačkoj
15:17
and continental Europe in general,
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i kontinentalnoj Europi općenito,
15:19
do not focus enough, yet,
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ne usmjerava dovoljno, još uvijek,
15:21
on empowering civil society
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na jačanje civilnog društva
15:23
and training the leadership of civil society.
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i obučavanje vodstva civilnog društva.
15:26
But what I'm saying from my very practical experience:
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Ono što govorim iz svog vrlo praktičnog iskustva,
15:29
If civil society does it right
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ako civilno društvo dobro radi
15:32
and joins the other actors --
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i pridruži se drugim igračima,
15:35
in particular, governments,
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konkretno, vladama,
15:37
governments and their international institutions,
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vladama i drugim međunarodnim institucijama,
15:40
but also large international actors,
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ali i velikim međunarodnim igračima,
15:43
in particular those which have committed themselves
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konkretno, onima koji su se posvetili
15:45
to corporate social responsibility --
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korporativnoj društvenoj odgovornosti,
15:47
then in this magical triangle
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tada, u tom čarobnom trokutu,
15:50
between civil society,
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između civilnog društva,
15:52
government and private sector,
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vlade i privatnog sektora,
15:54
there is a tremendous chance
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svi mi imamo ogromnu priliku
15:56
for all of us to create a better world.
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stvoriti bolji svijet.
16:00
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
16:02
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Peter Eigen - Founder, Transparency InternationalAs a director of the World Bank in Nairobi, Peter Eigen saw firsthand how devastating corruption can be. He's founder of Transparency International, an NGO that works to persuade international companies not to bribe.
Why you should listen
From the website of Transparency International comes this elegant definition: What is corruption? Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It hurts everyone whose life, livelihood or happiness depends on the integrity of people in a position of authority.
Peter Eigen knows this. He worked in economic development for 25 years, mainly as a World Bank manager of programs in Africa and Latin America. Among his assignments, he served as director of the regional mission for Eastern Africa from 1988 to 1991. Stunned by the depth and pervasiveness -- and sheer destructiveness -- of the corruption he encountered, he formed the group Transparency International to take on some of the main players in deals with corrupt officials: multinational corporations.
Eigen believes that the best way to root out corruption is to make it known. Thus, Transparency International works to raises awareness of corruption, and takes practical action to address it, including public hearings.
Peter Eigen | Speaker | TED.com