David R. Williams: How racism makes us sick
David R. Williams: Bagaimana rasisme membuat kita sakit
David R. Williams asks: What if we decided to tackle the striking levels of early death and poor health that are due to the color of one's skin? Full bio
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of the Class of 1970.
angkatan 1970.
sarjana hukum dari Columbia,
top civil rights lawyers.
di Amerika.
dan ayah yang hebat.
di paru-parunya.
mengindikasikan
that was three times higher
mahasiswa angkatan mereka.
being shot by the police.
yang ditembak oleh polisi.
in the United States.
di Amerika Serikat.
kulit hitam meninggal setiap hari,
of blacks and whites were equal.
dengan orang kulit putih.
about racial differences
ini hanya masalah perbedaan ras
economic status matters for health,
status ekonomi penting untuk kesehatan,
at life expectancy at age 25,
angka harapan hidup pada usia 25 tahun,
between blacks and whites.
antara kulit putih dan kulit hitam.
for both whites and blacks
antara kulit putih dan kulit hitam
dengan perbedaan ras.
at every level of education,
pada setiap jenjang pendidikan,
lebih lama dari orang kulit hitam.
than their black counterparts,
dibandingkan orang kulit hitam,
with a college degree
hitam yang tamat universitas
so profoundly for health?
berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan?
beyond education and income
dan pendapatan
buku baru tentang
the health of blacks.
kesehatan orang kulit hitam.
adversely impacting blacks,
buruk bagi orang kulit hitam
in Washington, DC,
di Washington, DC,
of the priorities for research
prioritas penelitian
in which racism affected health.
rasisme mempengaruhi kesehatan.
with me that racism was important,
bahwa rasisme penting, tapi kita
kata saya.
if we put our minds to it."
rasisme jika kita memikirkannya,"
major experiences of discrimination,
utama diskriminasi,
or being unfairly stopped by the police.
diberhentikan polisi secara tidak adil.
in more minor and subtle experiences,
yang lebih kecil dan halus,
called the Everyday Discrimination Scale,
Skala Diskriminasi Harian,
with less courtesy than others,
hormat dibandingkan yang lain,
than others in restaurants or stores,
di restoran atau toko,
takut kepada Anda.
of a broad range of diseases
untuk menderita berbagai penyakit
are observed at a very young age.
diamati pada usia yang sangat muda.
levels of discrimination as teenagers
diskriminasi saat remaja
profound ways for health.
terhadap kesehatan.
discrimination in medical care.
pelayanan medis.
pada sebuah komite
based on the scientific evidence,
berdasarkan bukti ilmiah,
dibanding orang kulit putih.
of medical treatment,
that's called "implicit bias"
"bias implisit"
by social psychologists
berpuluh-puluh tahun
a negative stereotype
memiliki pandangan negatif
di bawah sadar Anda
seseorang dari kelompok itu,
It's an automatic process.
Ini adalah proses otomatis.
tapi itu normal
the most well-intentioned individuals.
paling baik niatnya.
of social institutions.
lembaga sosial.
in very different neighborhood contexts,
hidup dalam lingkungan berbeda,
of institutional racism.
rasisme terorganisir.
in the United States.
di Amerika Serikat.
in access to medical care.
terhadap pelayanan medis.
cities in the United States
di Amerika Serikat
under equal conditions to blacks,
kondisi orang kulit hitam,
in which whites reside
di mana orang kulit putih tinggal
context of black communities.
kondisi rata-rata komunitas kulit hitam.
secara statistik
black-white differences in income,
orang kulit hitam dan putih,
in single motherhood
pada ibu tunggal
budaya kita
and individual discrimination.
have put together a database
American would read over their lifetime.
lulusan universitas semasa hidup.
dalam data ini
have seen words paired together
telah melihat kata dirangkai ketika
appears in American culture,
dalam budaya Amerika,
an unarmed black male
orang kulit hitam yang tidak bersenjata
to be violent and dangerous,
with an inherently bad cop.
polisi yang buruk.
what he has been exposed to
dia sudah terpapar
a determinant of your destiny.
banyak untuk sukses.
from the University of Michigan.
dari Universitas Michigan.
bayi tindakan afirmatif.
less successful than I have.
dibandingkan saya.
in the United States
di Amerika Serikat
of income whites earned.
yang diterima kulit putih.
menerima gaji 59 sen
that white families receive,
orang kulit putih,
are even more stunning.
lebih mengagetkan.
that whites have,
kekayaan kulit putih,
and Latinos have seven pennies.
warga Latin memiliki 7 penny.
some racial groups in the United States.
sebagian ras di Amerika Serikat.
tidak adil.
even their lives to open the doors
hidupnya untuk membuka pintu
that those doors remain open
pintu tersebut tetap terbuka
can walk through those doors.
melalui pintu tersebut.
or woman, I would add --
saya tambahkan --
kondisi orang lain
of oppression and resistance."
dari penindasan dan perlawanan."
the health of their patients
kesehatan pasien mereka
the nonmedical needs their patients have.
nonmedis pasien.
has built a gateway college
sebuah akademi
to delivering medical care,
pelayanan medis,
low-income community members
yang sebagian besar miskin
they need to get a decent job.
untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan yang layak.
the risks for heart disease
sudah menurunkan risiko penyakit jantung
pertengahan usia 30 tahun
yang berkualitas
across the United States,
di seluruh Amerika Serikat,
academic enrichment and mentoring
mentoring akademi berkualitas tinggi
fallen behind in school.
the health of black adults
memperbaiki kesehatan orang kulit hitam
the tools they need
oleh mahasiswa tersebut
a health transcript
setiap tahun
the negative effects of segregation
menanggalkan efek negatif dari pemisahan
tingkat pendapatan,
kami dapat menyerang
Thurgood Marshall
"Kita harus tidak sepakat
acuh tidak acuh.
and from the mistrust.
dan ketidakpercayaan.
hal yang lebih baik,
but to do better."
selain melakukan yang lebih baik
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David R. Williams - Public health sociologistDavid R. Williams asks: What if we decided to tackle the striking levels of early death and poor health that are due to the color of one's skin?
Why you should listen
Dr. David R. Williams has played a visible national leadership role in raising awareness levels about health disparities and identifying interventions to address them. The author of more than 400 scientific papers, Williams developed the Everyday Discrimination Scale, which is currently one of the most widely used measures to assess perceived discrimination in health studies. He was ranked as the world's most cited black scholar in the social sciences in 2008, and Thomson Reuters ranked him as one of the world's most influential scientific minds in 2014.
Williams is currently the Norman Professor of Public Health at Harvard's T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Professor of African and African American Studies and of Sociology at Harvard University. He holds an MPH degree from Loma Linda University and a PhD in Sociology from the University of Michigan.
David R. Williams | Speaker | TED.com