David R. Williams: How racism makes us sick
Дэвид Р. Уильямс: Почему расизм вреден для здоровья?
David R. Williams asks: What if we decided to tackle the striking levels of early death and poor health that are due to the color of one's skin? Full bio
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of the Class of 1970.
в университете Колумбия,
top civil rights lawyers.
одним из лучших юристов Америки.
от разрыва тромба в лёгком.
that was three times higher
being shot by the police.
в чернокожих безоружных мужчин.
in the United States.
преждевременной смертью.
of blacks and whites were equal.
обеих рас были одинаковыми.
about racial differences
economic status matters for health,
влияет на здоровье,
at life expectancy at age 25,
продолжительности жизни в возрасте 25 лет
between blacks and whites.
между белыми и чёрными.
for both whites and blacks
at every level of education,
с любой учёной степенью
than their black counterparts,
чем их чернокожие сверстники,
with a college degree
so profoundly for health?
так сильно влияют на наше здоровье?
beyond education and income
the health of blacks.
ухудшения здоровья у чернокожих.
adversely impacting blacks,
корнем всех зол для чернокожих,
in Washington, DC,
of the priorities for research
данного исследования,
in which racism affected health.
влияния расизма на здоровье.
with me that racism was important,
в значимости расизма,
— ответил я.
if we put our minds to it."
если зададимся такой целью».
major experiences of discrimination,
важные моменты неравенства:
or being unfairly stopped by the police.
необоснованная остановка полицией.
in more minor and subtle experiences,
и на более тонком, незримом уровне,
called the Everyday Discrimination Scale,
шкала повседневного расизма,
with less courtesy than others,
than others in restaurants or stores,
в ресторанах или магазинах,
of a broad range of diseases
заболеваний широкого спектра:
are observed at a very young age.
наблюдаются уже в раннем возрасте.
подростках выявило,
levels of discrimination as teenagers
в подростковом возрасте,
profound ways for health.
discrimination in medical care.
медицинского обслуживания.
Медицинская Академия
based on the scientific evidence,
и научно обосновал тот факт,
of medical treatment,
медицинского обслуживания,
that's called "implicit bias"
by social psychologists
социальных психологов установили,
a negative stereotype
представителем такой группы
It's an automatic process.
условный рефлекс, в своём роде.
the most well-intentioned individuals.
с самыми благими намерениями.
of social institutions.
социальных учреждений.
in very different neighborhood contexts,
занимают отдельные районы:
of institutional racism.
системного расизма.
in the United States.
in access to medical care.
и даже получение медицинской помощи.
cities in the United States
under equal conditions to blacks,
обитали в равных условиях,
in which whites reside
жилищные условия белых семей
context of black communities.
чернокожего населения.
black-white differences in income,
по доходам, образованию
in single motherhood
среди матерей-одиночек обеих рас
and individual discrimination.
так и к отдельной личности.
have put together a database
American would read over their lifetime.
окончившие колледж.
have seen words paired together
те или иные словосочетания
appears in American culture,
появилось слово «чёрный»,
an unarmed black male
к безоружному чернокожему мужчине,
to be violent and dangerous,
with an inherently bad cop.
what he has been exposed to
a determinant of your destiny.
from the University of Michigan.
в Университете Мичигана.
less successful than I have.
in the United States
зарабатывали 59 центов,
of income whites earned.
аж один доллар.
до сих пор приходится 59 центов
that white families receive,
are even more stunning.
обеих рас всё шире.
that whites have,
and Latinos have seven pennies.
семи центам у латиноамериканцев.
some racial groups in the United States.
влияет на расовые меньшинства в США.
в отношении неравных.
even their lives to open the doors
that those doors remain open
can walk through those doors.
or woman, I would add --
или женщина, я бы добавил, —
судьбу остальных,
of oppression and resistance."
и сопротивления на своём пути».
the health of their patients
улучшением здоровья пациентов,
the nonmedical needs their patients have.
за правовые вопросы подопечных.
has built a gateway college
построил специальный колледж
to delivering medical care,
low-income community members
из малообеспеченных семей,
they need to get a decent job.
чтобы впоследствии найти достойную работу.
«Проекта для начинающих» показали,
the risks for heart disease
across the United States,
продлённого дня по всей Америке
academic enrichment and mentoring
fallen behind in school.
the health of black adults
здоровье взрослых,
the tools they need
a health transcript
the negative effects of segregation
с последствиями сегрегации,
Thurgood Marshall
Верховного Суда Тергуд Маршалл :
and from the mistrust.
but to do better."
кроме как быть лучше».
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David R. Williams - Public health sociologistDavid R. Williams asks: What if we decided to tackle the striking levels of early death and poor health that are due to the color of one's skin?
Why you should listen
Dr. David R. Williams has played a visible national leadership role in raising awareness levels about health disparities and identifying interventions to address them. The author of more than 400 scientific papers, Williams developed the Everyday Discrimination Scale, which is currently one of the most widely used measures to assess perceived discrimination in health studies. He was ranked as the world's most cited black scholar in the social sciences in 2008, and Thomson Reuters ranked him as one of the world's most influential scientific minds in 2014.
Williams is currently the Norman Professor of Public Health at Harvard's T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Professor of African and African American Studies and of Sociology at Harvard University. He holds an MPH degree from Loma Linda University and a PhD in Sociology from the University of Michigan.
David R. Williams | Speaker | TED.com