TEDGlobal 2010
Julian Assange: Why the world needs WikiLeaks
Julian Assange : Kenapa Dunia Membutuhkan WikiLeaks
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Situs WikiLeaks yang kontroversial mengumpulkan dan mempublikasikan dokumen dan video yg sangat dirahasiakan. Pendirinya, Julian Assange, yg dilaporkan tengah dicari untuk dimintai keterangannya oleh pemerintah Amerika, menuturkan pada Chris Anderson dr TED tentang bagaimana situsnya beroperasi, apa yg telah dicapai -- dan apa yang memotivasinya. Wawancara ini menyertakan juga beberapa tayangan ttg serangan udara Amerika ke Baghdad belum lama ini.
Julian Assange - Whistleblower
Internet activist Julian Assange serves as spokesperson for WikiLeaks, a controversial, volunteer-driven website that publishes and comments on leaked documents alleging government and corporate misconduct. Full bio
Internet activist Julian Assange serves as spokesperson for WikiLeaks, a controversial, volunteer-driven website that publishes and comments on leaked documents alleging government and corporate misconduct. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Chris Anderson: Julian, welcome.
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Chris Anderson : Selamat datang Julian.
00:17
It's been reported that WikiLeaks, your baby,
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Ada laporan bahwa WikiLeaks, buah karya anda,
00:19
has, in the last few years
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telah... beberapa tahun belakangan ini
00:21
has released more classified documents
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mempublikasikan lebih banyak dokumen rahasia
00:24
than the rest of the world's media combined.
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dari total hasil publikasi semua media lain didunia
00:26
Can that possibly be true?
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Apa itu benar ?
00:28
Julian Assange: Yeah, can it possibly be true?
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Julian Assange : Betul, apa itu mungkin ya ?
00:30
It's a worry -- isn't it? -- that the rest of the world's media
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Mengkhawatirkan -- bukan? -- bahwa media di seluruh dunia
00:33
is doing such a bad job
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koq payah begitu
00:35
that a little group of activists
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bahwa sekelompok kecil aktivis
00:37
is able to release more
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dapat mempublikasikan lebih banyak
00:39
of that type of information
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informasi seperti itu
00:41
than the rest of the world press combined.
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dibanding total publikasi media massa di dunia
00:43
CA: How does it work?
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CA : Jadi bagaimana bisa begitu ?
00:45
How do people release the documents?
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Bagaimana mereka mempublikasikan dokumennya ?
00:48
And how do you secure their privacy?
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Dan bagaimana anda menjamin kerahasiaan mereka ?
00:51
JA: So these are -- as far as we can tell --
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JA : Mereka adalah - sepanjang pengetahuan kami --
00:53
classical whistleblowers,
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"orang dalam" biasa
00:55
and we have a number of ways for them
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Kami sediakan berbagai cara
00:57
to get information to us.
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bagi mereka utk mengirim info ke kami
00:59
So we use this state-of-the-art encryption
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Kami menggunakan metode penyandian tercanggih
01:01
to bounce stuff around the Internet, to hide trails,
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untuk memindahkan data di internet, untuk menghapus jejak,
01:03
pass it through legal jurisdictions
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mengirimkannya ke wilayah hukum yg berbeda
01:05
like Sweden and Belgium
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misalnya ke Swedia dan Belgia
01:08
to enact those legal protections.
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untuk mendapatkan proteksi hukum di sana.
01:12
We get information in the mail,
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Informasi bisa datang lewat e-mail,
01:14
the regular postal mail,
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lewat surat pos biasa,
01:17
encrypted or not,
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dlm kondisi terenkripsi atau tdk,
01:19
vet it like a regular news organization, format it --
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memrosesnya spt kantor berita biasa, mengubah formatnya --
01:22
which is sometimes something that's quite hard to do,
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yang kadang sulit untuk dilakukan
01:25
when you're talking about
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misalnya kalau bentuknya berupa
01:27
giant databases of information --
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sebuah database informasi raksasa --
01:29
release it to the public
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lalu kami siarkan ke khalayak umum.
01:31
and then defend ourselves
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setelah itu kami mempertahankan diri
01:33
against the inevitable legal and political attacks.
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dari tuntutan hukum dan kecaman politis
01:36
CA: So you make an effort to ensure
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CA: Jadi anda berusaha memastikan
01:38
the documents are legitimate,
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keabsahan dokumen-dokumen itu
01:40
but you actually
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Namun Anda sebenarnya
01:42
almost never know who the identity of the source is?
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praktis tidak tahu identitas nara sumbernya
01:45
JA: That's right, yeah. Very rarely do we ever know,
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JA: Ya, betul sekali. Jarang sekali bisa tahu tentang itu.
01:49
and if we find out at some stage
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Dan kalau kami ketahui kemudian
01:52
then we destroy that information as soon as possible.
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kami hancurkan informasi tersebut secepat mungkin.
01:55
(Phone ring) God damn it.
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(Telepon berbunyi) Sialan.
01:57
(Laughter)
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(Suara ketawa)
02:01
CA: I think that's the CIA asking what the code is
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CA: Jangan-jangan itu CIA, mau minta kode
02:03
for a TED membership.
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untuk jadi anggota TED
02:05
(Laughter)
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(Suara ketawa)
02:08
So let's take [an] example, actually.
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Mari kita lihat salah satu contohnya
02:10
This is something
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Ini adalah sebuah dokumen
02:12
you leaked a few years ago.
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yang Anda bocorkan beberapa tahun yg lalu.
02:14
If we can have this document up ...
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Coba kita tampilkan ke layar...
02:16
So this was a story in Kenya a few years ago.
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Ini adalah cerita dari Kenya beberapa tahun yang lalu.
02:18
Can you tell us what you leaked and what happened?
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Bisa ceritakan apa yg anda bocorkan dan apa yg terjadi ?
02:21
JA: So this is the Kroll Report.
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JA: Ini adalah "Laporan Kroll" (Kroll Report).
02:23
This was a secret intelligence report
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Ini adalah dokumen intelijen rahasia
02:26
commissioned by the Kenyan government
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yang disusun oleh pemerintah Kenya
02:28
after its election in 2004.
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setelah Pemilu tahun 2004.
02:31
Prior to 2004, Kenya was ruled
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Sebelum tahun 2004, Kenya diperintah
02:33
by Daniel arap Moi
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oleh Daniel arap Moi
02:35
for about 18 years.
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selama 18 tahun.
02:37
He was a soft dictator of Kenya.
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Dia adalah semacam diktator di Kenya.
02:40
And when Kibaki got into power --
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Pada saat Kibaki merebut kekuasaannya --
02:42
through a coalition of forces that were trying
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melalui sebuah koalisi yang berusaha
02:44
to clean up corruption in Kenya --
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membersihkan korupsi di Kenya --
02:46
they commissioned this report,
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mereka menyusun laporan ini,
02:48
spent about two million pounds
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yang memakan biaya dua juta ponsterling
02:50
on this and an associated report.
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untuk laporan ini dan laporan terkait lainnya.
02:52
And then the government sat on it
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Lalu pemerintah baru Kenya memakainya
02:55
and used it for political leverage on Moi,
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sbg senjata politik untuk menekan Moi
02:57
who was the richest man --
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yang merupakan orang terkaya --
02:59
still is the richest man -- in Kenya.
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masih orang terkaya saat ini -- di Kenya.
03:02
It's the Holy Grail of Kenyan journalism.
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Ini adalah Cawan Suci-nya jurnalisme di Kenya
03:05
So I went there in 2007,
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Saya pergi ke sana thn 2007
03:08
and we managed to get hold of this
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dan kami berhasil mendapatkan dokumen ini
03:10
just prior to the election --
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sesaat sebelum pemilu dilaksanakan --
03:12
the national election, December 28.
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pemilu nasional, 28 Desember (2007 --red).
03:17
When we released that report,
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Saat kami publikasikan laporan ini,
03:20
we did so three days after the new president, Kibaki,
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3 hari setelah presiden yang baru, Kibaki,
03:23
had decided to pal up with
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memutuskan untuk berkolusi dgn
03:25
the man that he was going to clean out,
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orang yang awalnya akan dia singkirkan,
03:27
Daniel arap Moi,
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Daniel arap Moi.
03:29
so this report then
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Jadi laporan ini
03:32
became a dead albatross
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menjadi lonceng kematian
03:34
around President Kibaki's neck.
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bagi karir politik presiden Kibaki.
03:38
CA: And -- I mean, to cut a long story short --
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CA : Dan -- maksud saya, untuk mempersingkat cerita --
03:41
word of the report leaked into Kenya,
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isi dokumen ini dibocorkan di Kenya,
03:44
not from the official media, but indirectly,
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bukan dari media resmi, namun oleh pihak ke tiga.
03:47
and in your opinion, it actually shifted the election.
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Dan menurut anda, ini mempengaruhi hasil pemilunya.
03:50
JA: Yeah. So this became front page of the Guardian
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JA: Ya. Dokumen ini jadi berita halaman depan di Guardian
03:53
and was then printed in all the surrounding countries of Kenya,
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dan kemudian dicetak di seluruh negara di sekitar Kenya,
03:56
in Tanzanian and South African press.
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seperti Tanzania dan Afrika selatan.
03:59
And so it came in from the outside.
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Jadi mengalir dari luar
04:01
And that, after a couple of days,
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setelah itu, dua hari kemudian
04:03
made the Kenyan press feel safe to talk about it.
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setelah pers Kenya merasa aman untuk bertindak
04:05
And it ran for 20 nights straight on Kenyan TV,
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berita itu disiarkan 20 malam berturut-turut di TV Kenya.
04:08
shifted the vote by 10 percent,
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menyebabkan perubahan suara sebesar 10%
04:11
according to a Kenyan intelligence report,
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menurut laporan badan intelijen Kenya,
04:13
which changed the result of the election.
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yang mengubah hasil akhir pemilunya.
04:15
CA: Wow, so your leak
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CA: Wah, jadi bocoran anda
04:17
really substantially changed the world?
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secara nyata memberikan perubahan pada dunia ?
04:19
JA: Yep.
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JA: Yap.
04:21
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
04:25
CA: Here's -- We're going to just show
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CA: Ini adalah -- kami hanya akan tayangkan
04:27
a short clip from this
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cuplikan pendek dari
04:30
Baghdad airstrike video.
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video serangan udara di Baghdad
04:32
The video itself is longer,
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Video aslinya lebih panjang
04:34
but here's a short clip.
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Tapi ini versi pendeknya
04:36
This is -- this is intense material, I should warn you.
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Ini -- Ini tayangan yg cukup mengguncang, sebagai peringatan
04:39
Radio: ... just fuckin', once you get on 'em just open 'em up.
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Radio: ... sialan, kalau sudah dapat langsung hajar saja
04:42
I see your element, uh, got about four Humvees, uh, out along ...
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Saya lihat, um, sekitar empat Humvee, um, bergerak dengan...
04:46
You're clear. All right. Firing.
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Kamu aman. Baik. Tembak.
04:49
Let me know when you've got them. Let's shoot.
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Kasih tahu kalau sudah habis semua. Ayo mulai tembak.
04:52
Light 'em all up.
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Habisi semuanya
04:54
C'mon, fire!
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Ayo, tembak!
04:56
(Machine gun fire)
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(bunyi senapan mesin)
04:59
Keep shoot 'n. Keep shoot 'n.
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Tembak terus. Tembak terus.
05:02
(Machine gun fire)
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(bunyi senapan mesin)
05:05
Keep shoot 'n.
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Tembak terus.
05:08
Hotel ... Bushmaster Two-Six, Bushmaster Two-Six,
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Hotel... Bushmaster dua-enam, Bushmaster Dua-enam,
05:10
we need to move, time now!
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Kita harus pergi dari sini, sekarang !
05:12
All right, we just engaged all eight individuals.
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Ok, kita baru membabat delapan orang
05:15
Yeah, we see two birds [helicopters], and we're still firing.
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Ya, ada dua burung [helikopter], dan masih kami tembaki
05:18
Roger. I got 'em.
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Roger, Kena semua.
05:20
Two-Six, this is Two-Six, we're mobile.
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Dua-enam, Ini Dua-Enam, kami sudah jalan
05:22
Oops, I'm sorry. What was going on?
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Ups. maaf. Apa yang terjadi?
05:24
God damn it, Kyle. All right, hahaha. I hit 'em.
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Sialan, Kyle. Ya sudahlah, hahaha. Kena sama saya.
05:29
CA: So, what was the impact of that?
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CA: Baik, apa dampak dr tayangan itu ?
05:32
JA: The impact on the people who worked on it
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JA: Akibatnya buat yang terlibat
05:35
was severe.
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sangat parah
05:37
We ended up sending two people to Baghdad
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Kami sampai mengirim dua orang ke Baghdad
05:39
to further research that story.
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untuk benar-benar menggarap cerita ini
05:41
So this is just the first of three attacks
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Ini serangan pertama dari tiga serangan
05:44
that occurred in that scene.
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yang terjadi dalam tayangan itu
05:46
CA: So, I mean, 11 people died in that attack, right,
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CA: Jadi, waduh. 11 orang tewas dalam serangan itu, kan,
05:48
including two Reuters employees?
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termasuk dua karyawan Reuters ?
05:50
JA: Yeah. Two Reuters employees,
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JA: Ya. Dua karyawan Reuters
05:52
two young children were wounded.
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dua anak-anak terluka
05:55
There were between 18 and 26 people killed all together.
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dan antara 18 sampai 26 orang tewas semua
05:58
CA: And releasing this caused
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CA: Dan pemberitaan ini menyebabkan
06:00
widespread outrage.
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keresahan yang meluas
06:02
What was the key element of this
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Apa penyebab utama dari semua ini
06:04
that actually caused the outrage, do you think?
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yang menyulut kemarahan ini, menurut anda ?
06:07
JA: I don't know. I guess people can see
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JA: Saya tidak tahu, mungkin karena orang dapat melihat
06:09
the gross disparity in force.
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kekontrasan yang begitu mengerikan
06:12
You have guys walking in a relaxed way down the street,
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Begini, Jika orang-orang berjalan santai di jalanan
06:14
and then an Apache helicopter sitting up at one kilometer
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dan tahu-tahu helikopter Apache dr jarak sekitar satu km
06:17
firing 30-millimeter cannon shells
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menembak, menghujani dgn peluru berkaliber 30-mm
06:19
on everyone --
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pada semua orang --
06:21
looking for any excuse to do so --
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mencari-cari pembenaran buat itu --
06:24
and killing people rescuing the wounded.
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dan membantai orang yg tengah menolong yg terluka
06:26
And there was two journalists involved that clearly weren't insurgents
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ditambah lagi hadirnya dua jurnalis yang jelas-jelas bukan pemberontak
06:29
because that's their full-time job.
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tapi karena profesi mereka.
06:33
CA: I mean, there's been this U.S. intelligence analyst,
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CA: Setahu saya, ada seorang analis intelijen Amerika
06:36
Bradley Manning, arrested,
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Bradley Manning, yg ditahan.
06:38
and it's alleged that he confessed in a chat room
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Yang gosipnya mengaku dalam sebuah ruang chatting
06:41
to have leaked this video to you,
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bahwa dialah yang membocorkan video itu.
06:44
along with 280,000
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bersama dengan 280.000
06:46
classified U.S. embassy cables.
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telegram rahasia kedubes Amerika
06:48
I mean, did he?
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Apa itu benar ?
06:51
JA: We have denied receiving those cables.
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JA: Well, kami tidak pernah menerima telegram-telegram itu
06:53
He has been charged,
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Dia dituntut
06:55
about five days ago,
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sekitar lima hari yg lalu
06:57
with obtaining 150,000 cables
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telah mencuri 150.000 telegram
07:00
and releasing 50.
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dan membocorkan 50 diantaranya
07:02
Now, we had released,
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Dan, kami telah mempublikasikan
07:05
early in the year,
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awal tahun ini
07:07
a cable from the Reykjavik U.S. embassy,
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telegram dr kedubes Amerika di Reykjavik
07:11
but this is not necessarily connected.
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Tapi ini belum tentu berhubungan
07:13
I mean, I was a known visitor of that embassy.
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Maksud saya, saya juga sering ke kedubes itu
07:15
CA: I mean, if you did receive thousands
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CA: Jadi kalau anda menerima ribuan
07:17
of U.S. embassy diplomatic cables ...
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telegram diplomatik kedubes Amerika
07:20
JA: We would have released them. (CA: You would?)
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JA: Kita pasti publikasikan semua. (CA: Pasti?)
07:22
JA: Yeah. (CA: Because?)
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JA: Ya. (CA: Karena?)
07:25
JA: Well, because these sort of things
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JA: Yah, karena hal-hal semacam ini
07:27
reveal what the true state
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menunjukkan kondisi yg sebenarnya
07:30
of, say,
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dari, misalnya
07:32
Arab governments are like,
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Pemerintahan Arab,
07:34
the true human-rights abuses in those governments.
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bagaimana kesewenangan mereka terhadap hak kemanusiaan orang
07:37
If you look at declassified cables,
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Pada info-info bocoran spt telegram itu
07:39
that's the sort of material that's there.
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hal-hal seperti itulah yang muncul
07:41
CA: So let's talk a little more broadly about this.
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CA: Baik sekarang mari kita perluas diskusinya
07:43
I mean, in general, what's your philosophy?
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Maksud saya, secara umum, apa filosofi anda ?
07:45
Why is it right
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Mengapa (filosofi anda) benar
07:47
to encourage leaking of secret information?
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untuk mendorong tindakan pembocoran rahasia ?
07:51
JA: Well, there's a question as to what sort of information is important in the world,
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JA: Yah, intinya ada pada informasi apa yang dianggap penting di dunia,
07:54
what sort of information
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informasi seperti apa
07:56
can achieve reform.
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yang bisa membuat perubahan
07:58
And there's a lot of information.
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Dan ada banyak informasi seperti itu.
08:00
So information that organizations
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Nah, informasi yang dirahasiakan organisasi
08:02
are spending economic effort into concealing,
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bahkan sampai rela mengeluarkan biaya
08:05
that's a really good signal
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adalah indikator bagus
08:07
that when the information gets out,
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bahwa kalau dibocorkan
08:09
there's a hope of it doing some good --
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informasi itu pasti berguna buat orang banyak.
08:11
because the organizations that know it best,
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Karena organisasi itu memahami
08:13
that know it from the inside out,
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luar dalam tentang informasi itu
08:15
are spending work to conceal it.
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tapi memilih merahasiakannya.
08:18
And that's what we've found in practice,
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Dan apa yg kami kerjakan membuktikan itu
08:20
and that's what the history of journalism is.
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Sejarah jurnalisme memang seperti itu
08:23
CA: But are there risks with that,
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CA: Tapi semua ini kan ada dampaknya,
08:26
either to the individuals concerned
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baik untuk orang-orang yang terkait
08:29
or indeed to society at large,
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atau tentunya untuk khalayak umum
08:31
where leaking can actually have
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di mana pembocoran informasi ini malah dapat menuai
08:33
an unintended consequence?
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konsekuensi yg tidak diharapkan?
08:35
JA: Not that we have seen with anything we have released.
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JA : Selama kami beroperasi tidak pernah begitu.
08:37
I mean, we have a harm immunization policy.
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Kami memang punya prosedur pengamanan
08:39
We have a way of dealing with information
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Kami punya cara khusus untuk menangani informasi
08:41
that has sort of personal --
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yang bersifat pribadi --
08:43
personally identifying information in it.
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Informasi yg mengacu secara pribadi.
08:46
But there are legitimate secrets --
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Memang banyak informasi rahasia yg sah --
08:49
you know, your records with your doctor;
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misalnya, catatan kesehatan anda
08:52
that's a legitimate secret --
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Itu wajar dirahasiakan
08:54
but we deal with whistleblowers that are coming forward
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Tapi "orang dalam" yang datang pada kami
08:56
that are really sort of well-motivated.
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umumnya punya motivasi yg baik
08:59
CA: So they are well-motivated.
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CA: Baik anggap mereka memang niatnya baik
09:01
And what would you say to, for example,
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Tapi bagaimana kalau, misalnya,
09:03
the, you know, the parent of someone
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para, yah sebut saja, para orang tua --
09:06
whose son is out serving the U.S. military,
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yang anaknya dinas di angkatan bersenjata Amerika
09:09
and he says, "You know what,
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Mereka akan bilang, "Tahu tidak,
09:11
you've put up something that someone had an incentive to put out.
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anda telah membantu pihak-pihak yg memang sejak lama mengharapkan itu
09:13
It shows a U.S. soldier laughing
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Itu memperlihatkan seorang tentara AS terbahak
09:15
at people dying.
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pada orang yang sekarat
09:17
That gives the impression, has given the impression,
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Yang memberikan kesan -- TELAH memberikan kesan
09:19
to millions of people around the world
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pada orang seantero dunia
09:21
that U.S. soldiers are inhuman people.
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bahwa tentara Amerika tidak berperikemanusiaan
09:23
Actually, they're not. My son isn't. How dare you?"
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Padahal tidak begitu. Anak saya tidak begitu. Berani-beraninya?"
09:25
What would you say to that?
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Bagaimana pendapat anda tentang itu ?
09:27
JA: Yeah, we do get a lot of that.
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JA: Betul, respon begitu banyak kami dapatkan
09:29
But remember, the people in Baghdad,
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Tapi tolong diingat, orang-orang di Baghdad,
09:31
the people in Iraq, the people in Afghanistan --
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orang-orang di Iraq, orang-orang di Afganistan --
09:34
they don't need to see the video;
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mereka tidak perlu menunggu video saya;
09:36
they see it every day.
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mereka menyaksikannya setiap hari.
09:38
So it's not going to change their opinion. It's not going to change their perception.
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Jadi video itu tidak akan mengubah opini mereka. itu tidak akan mengubah persepsi mereka.
09:41
That's what they see every day.
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Itu mereka lihat setiap hari.
09:43
It will change the perception and opinion
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Tapi video itu akan mengubah persepsi dan opini
09:46
of the people who are paying for it all,
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orang-orang yang membiayai semua itu
09:48
and that's our hope.
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itulah yg kami harapkan.
09:51
CA: So you found a way to shine light
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CA: Jadi anda temukan cara untuk menyinari
09:54
into what you see
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apa yang anda anggap
09:57
as these sort of dark secrets in companies and in government.
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sebagai rahasia yang gelap dlm perusahaan dan pemerintahan.
10:01
Light is good.
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Cahaya sih bagus
10:03
But do you see any irony in the fact that,
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Tapi apa anda tidak sadari ironinya,
10:05
in order for you to shine that light,
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bahwa untuk menghadirkan cahaya itu
10:07
you have to, yourself,
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anda sendiri
10:09
create secrecy around your sources?
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harus merahasiakan nara sumber anda ?
10:12
JA: Not really. I mean, we don't have
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JA: Tidak juga. Kami belum punya
10:15
any WikiLeaks dissidents yet.
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musuh yang anti WikiLeaks.
10:19
We don't have sources who are dissidents on other sources.
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Kami tidak punya nara sumber yang saling menjatuhkan
10:23
Should they come forward, that would be a tricky situation for us,
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Kalau ada yang muncul, memang jadi agak repot buat kami.
10:26
but we're presumably acting in such a way
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Tapi kami yakin bahwa tindakan kami dengan sebuah cara
10:29
that people feel
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yang membuat orang-orang merasa
10:31
morally compelled
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terpanggil secara moral
10:33
to continue our mission, not to screw it up.
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untuk meneruskan misi kami, bukan mengacaukannya.
10:37
CA: I'd actually be interested, just based on what we've heard so far --
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CA: Saya jadi penasaran, dari apa yang kita dengar sejauh ini --
10:40
I'm curious as to the opinion in the TED audience.
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Saya ingin tahu apa opini para audiens TED.
10:45
You know, there might be a couple of views
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Siapa tahu, mungkin ada padangan-pandangan
10:47
of WikiLeaks and of Julian.
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ttg WikiLeaks dan Julian
10:49
You know, hero -- people's hero --
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Sang pahlawan -- pahlawan yg merakyat --
10:52
bringing this important light.
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yg membawa pencerahan.
10:55
Dangerous troublemaker.
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Atau tukang cari gara-gara yg berbahaya
10:58
Who's got the hero view?
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Siapa yang setuju dia pahlawan ?
11:02
Who's got the dangerous troublemaker view?
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Siapa yang setuju dia tukang cari gara-gara ?
11:06
JA: Oh, come on. There must be some.
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JA: Ayolah... masa tidak ada samasekali.
11:09
CA: It's a soft crowd, Julian, a soft crowd.
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CA: Ini peserta yang kalem, Julian. Peserta yg kalem.
11:11
We have to try better. Let's show them another example.
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Kita harus lebih provokativ lagi. Mari kita saksikan contoh lainnya
11:13
Now here's something that you haven't yet leaked,
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Ini adalah sesuatu yang belum anda bocorkan
11:16
but I think for TED you are.
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tapi buat TED ini bocoran.
11:19
I mean it's an intriguing story that's just happened, right?
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Kelihatannya cerita yg baru terjadi ini sangat menarik, ya tidak ?
11:21
What is this?
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Bisa tolong jelaskan ?
11:23
JA: So this is a sample of what we do
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JA: Ya, ini hanya contoh apa kegiatan kami
11:25
sort of every day.
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sehari-hari
11:27
So late last year -- in November last year --
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Jadi akhir tahun lalu -- sekitar November --
11:30
there was a series of well blowouts
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terjadi beberapa ledakan sumur minyak
11:32
in Albania,
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di Albania
11:34
like the well blowout in the Gulf of Mexico,
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Seperti yg terjadi di Teluk Mexico,
11:37
but not quite as big.
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tapi tidak sebesar itu.
11:39
And we got a report --
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Dan kami mendapat laporan --
11:42
a sort of engineering analysis into what happened --
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semacam analisa teknis tentang apa yg terjadi --
11:45
saying that, in fact, security guards
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yang berkata, ternyata, para petugas keamanan
11:48
from some rival, various competing oil firms
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dari pesaing, berbagai perusahaan minyak pesaing
11:51
had, in fact, parked trucks there and blown them up.
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telah memarkirkan beberapa truk dan meledakkannya
11:55
And part of the Albanian government was in this, etc., etc.
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dan sebagian anggota pemerintah Albania yang terlibat
11:59
And the engineering report
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dan laporan teknis itu
12:00
had nothing on the top of it,
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tidak punya penjelasan di awalnya.
12:02
so it was an extremely difficult document for us.
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Jadi dokumen ini kasus yang sangat sulit buat kami.
12:04
We couldn't verify it because we didn't know
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Kami tidak bisa memverifikasinya karena kami tidak tahu
12:06
who wrote it and knew what it was about.
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siapa yang menulisnya dan tahu dokumen ini tentang apa.
12:08
So we were kind of skeptical that maybe it was
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Kami jadi agak ragu bahwa jangan-jangan
12:10
a competing oil firm just sort of playing the issue up.
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ini ulah kompetitor yang berusaha menciptakan isu
12:12
So under that basis, we put it out and said,
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Jadi dalam kondisi itu, kami siarkan dan bilang,
12:14
"Look, we're skeptical about this thing.
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"Begini, kami tidak yakin tentang hal ini
12:16
We don't know, but what can we do?
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Kami tidak tahu menahu, tapi apa yg bisa kami lakukan ?
12:18
The material looks good, it feels right,
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Materinya tampak bagus, terkesan baik,
12:20
but we just can't verify it."
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tapi kami tidak bisa memverifikasinya."
12:22
And we then got a letter
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Tahu-tahu kami dapat sebuah surat
12:25
just this week
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baru minggu ini
12:28
from the company who wrote it,
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dari perusahaan yang bersangkutan
12:31
wanting to track down the source --
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mereka mau melacak nara sumbernya --
12:34
(Laughter)
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(tertawa)
12:38
saying, "Hey, we want to track down the source."
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Mereka bilang, "hai, kami mau lacak nara sumbernya."
12:41
And we were like, "Oh, tell us more.
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Kami jawab, "Oh, ceritakan lebih lanjut.
12:43
What document is it, precisely, you're talking about?
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dokumen apa, tepatnya, yg sedang anda bicarakan ?
12:46
Can you show that you had legal authority over that document?
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Bisakah anda tunjukkan bahwa anda memiliki kewenangan legal terhadap dokumen itu?
12:49
Is it really yours?"
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Apa benar ini punya anda ?"
12:51
So they sent us this screen shot
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Akhirnya mereka kirimkan cuplikan layar ini
12:54
with the author
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dengan identitas pengarangnya
12:56
in the Microsoft Word ID.
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dalam format Microsoft Word ID.
13:01
Yeah.
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Begitulah
13:03
(Applause)
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(tertawa)
13:08
That's happened quite a lot though.
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Dan ini sering terjadi
13:10
This is like one of our methods
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Inilah salah satu cara kami
13:12
of identifying, of verifying, what a material is,
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untuk mengidentifikasi -- mengklarifikasi materinya
13:15
is to try and get these guys to write letters.
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dengan membujuk mereka menulis surat
13:17
CA: Yeah. Have you had information
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CA: Baik. Apa anda punya info
13:20
from inside BP?
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tentang BP (British Petroleum) ?
13:22
JA: Yeah, we have a lot, but I mean, at the moment,
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JA: Oh ya, kita punya banyak info, tetapi saat ini,
13:25
we are undergoing a sort of serious fundraising and engineering effort.
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kami tengah menggalang dana dan upaya teknis yg serius
13:28
So our publication rate
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Jadi kegiatan publikasi kami
13:30
over the past few months
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beberapa bulan terakhir
13:32
has been sort of minimized
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jadi agak menurun
13:34
while we're re-engineering our back systems
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sementara kami rekayasa ulang sistem kami
13:37
for the phenomenal public interest that we have.
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untuk melayani minat publik yang fenomenal terhadap kami
13:40
That's a problem.
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Memang problem.
13:42
I mean, like any sort of growing startup organization,
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Soalnya, seperti startup lainnya yg tumbuh
13:45
we are sort of overwhelmed
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kami agak kewalahan
13:47
by our growth,
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dengan pertumbuhan kami sendiri
13:49
and that means we're getting enormous quantity
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Yang juga berarti kami mendapat banyak sekali
13:51
of whistleblower disclosures
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bocoran-bocoran dr "orang-orang dalam"
13:53
of a very high caliber
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berkedudukan tinggi,
13:55
but don't have enough people to actually
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tapi kami tidak cukup punya sumber daya
13:57
process and vet this information.
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untuk memroses dan memilah infonya
13:59
CA: So that's the key bottleneck,
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CA: Ternyata disitu macetnya ya,
14:01
basically journalistic volunteers
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kurangnya relawan jurnalis
14:03
and/or the funding of journalistic salaries?
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dan atau dana/biaya jurnalistik ?
14:06
JA: Yep. Yeah, and trusted people.
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JA : Ya. Betul, dan orang-orang terpercaya
14:08
I mean, we're an organization
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Kami adalah organisasi
14:10
that is hard to grow very quickly
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yang tidak bisa tumbuh dgn cepat
14:12
because of the sort of material we deal with,
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karena jenis materi/info yang kami kerjakan
14:14
so we have to restructure
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Jadi kami hrs tata ulang organisasinya
14:17
in order to have people
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supaya bisa punya cukup orang
14:19
who will deal with the highest national security stuff,
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yang akan menangani informasi keamanan nasional dan semacamnya,
14:22
and then lower security cases.
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dan yang kurang sensitif
14:24
CA: So help us understand a bit about you personally
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CA: Baik. Jadi jelaskan mengenai diri anda pribadi.
14:27
and how you came to do this.
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bagaimana anda putuskan utk melakukan ini
14:29
And I think I read that as a kid
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Saya pernah baca, semasa kecil
14:31
you went to 37 different schools.
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anda sekolah di 37 sekolah berlainan
14:34
Can that be right?
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Apa betul ?
14:36
JA: Well, my parents were in the movie business
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JA: Ya... orang tua saya kerja di dunia perfilman
14:39
and then on the run from a cult,
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kemudian buron dari suatu geng,
14:41
so the combination between the two ...
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jadi kombinasi keduanya ya...
14:43
(Laughter)
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(tertawa)
14:47
CA: I mean, a psychologist might say
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CA: Seorang psikolog mungkin akan bilang
14:49
that's a recipe for breeding paranoia.
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itu gaya hidup yg menyuburkan paranoid
14:52
JA: What, the movie business?
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JA: Yang mana, dunia perfilman ?
14:54
(Laughter)
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(tertawa)
14:57
(Applause)
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(tepuk tangan)
15:00
CA: And you were also -- I mean,
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CA: Anda juga -- kalau tidak salah
15:02
you were also a hacker at an early age
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pernah jadi hacker dalam usia muda
15:04
and ran into the authorities early on.
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yang punya masalah dengan pemerintah
15:07
JA: Well, I was a journalist.
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JA: Saya ini jurnalis
15:10
You know, I was a very young journalist activist at an early age.
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Saya sudah jadi aktivis jurnalis sejak usia muda
15:12
I wrote a magazine,
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Saya menulis di majalah,
15:14
was prosecuted for it when I was a teenager.
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pernah dituntut gara-gara tulisan itu waktu masih remaja.
15:17
So you have to be careful with hacker.
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Jadi hati-hatilah dgn hacker.
15:19
I mean there's like -- there's a method
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Soalnya, ada semacam -- ada cara-cara
15:21
that can be deployed for various things.
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yang berlaku untuk semua secara umum
15:23
Unfortunately, at the moment,
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Sayangnya, saat ini
15:25
it's mostly deployed by the Russian mafia
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cara-cara itu hanya dipakai mafia Rusia
15:27
in order to steal your grandmother's bank accounts.
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untuk mencuri dari rekening bank nenek kita.
15:29
So this phrase is not,
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Jadi ungkapan ini kurang --
15:32
not as nice as it used to be.
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tidak lagi membanggakan seperti dulu.
15:34
CA: Yeah, well, I certainly don't think
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CA: Ya, Saya tentu tidak pernah menduga
15:36
you're stealing anyone's grandmother's bank account,
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anda mencuri dari rekening bank nenek seseorang.
15:39
but what about
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Tapi bagaimana
15:41
your core values?
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dengan prinsip utama anda ?
15:43
Can you give us a sense of what they are
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Bisakah berikan sedikit gambaran ttg itu
15:46
and maybe some incident in your life
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dan juga mungkin tentang beberapa kejadian dalam hidup anda
15:48
that helped determine them?
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yg membentuk prinsip-prinsip ini ?
15:53
JA: I'm not sure about the incident.
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JA: Saya tdk yakin soal kejadiannya
15:55
But the core values:
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Tapi tentang prinsip utama :
15:58
well, capable, generous men
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Orang-orang yang mampu dan ikhlas
16:01
do not create victims;
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tidak menghasilkan korban
16:03
they nurture victims.
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mereka mengayomi korban
16:05
And that's something from my father
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Saya dapat ajaran itu dari ayah saya
16:07
and something from other capable, generous men
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dan dari orang-orang lain yang mampu dan ikhlas
16:10
that have been in my life.
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yang saya kenal
16:13
CA: Capable, generous men do not create victims;
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CA: Orang yg mampu dan ikhlas tidak menciptakan korban
16:15
they nurture victims?
386
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mereka mengayomi korban ?
16:17
JA: Yeah. And you know,
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JA: Betul. Dan tahu kah,
16:19
I'm a combative person,
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Saya ini orangnya agresif,
16:23
so I'm not actually so big on the nurture,
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Jadi sebetulnya bukan tipe yang mengayomi
16:25
but some way --
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Tapi ternyata --
16:28
there is another way of nurturing victims,
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Ada cara lain dlm mengayomi korban
16:31
which is to police perpetrators
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yaitu menertibkan para pelaku
16:34
of crime.
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kejahatan
16:36
And so that is something
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Itulah yang selalu ada
16:38
that has been in my character
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dalam karakter saya
16:40
for a long time.
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selama ini
16:42
CA: So just tell us, very quickly in the last minute, the story:
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CA: Baik bisa mohon ceritakan, cepat saja dipenghujung acara ini :
16:45
what happened in Iceland?
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Apa yang terjadi di Islandia ?
16:48
You basically published something there,
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Anda mempublikasi sesuatu disana
16:51
ran into trouble with a bank,
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mendapat masalah dengan sebuah bank,
16:54
then the news service there
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kemudian kantor berita disana
16:56
was injuncted from running the story.
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dicekal agar tidak menayangkannya.
16:59
Instead, they publicized your side.
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tapi mereka fokuskan media pada anda
17:01
That made you very high-profile in Iceland. What happened next?
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mereka mempublikasikan anda besar-besaran. Bagaimana selanjutnya ?
17:04
JA: Yeah, this is a great case, you know.
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JA: Betul, Ini kasus yang seru, jadi begini
17:06
Iceland went through this financial crisis.
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Islandia mengalami krisis keuangan waktu itu
17:08
It was the hardest hit of any country in the world.
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Yang paling parah dibanding negara lain di dunia
17:10
Its banking sector was 10 times the GDP
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Sektor perbankan mereka 10 kali lbh besar dari GDP
17:12
of the rest of the economy.
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sektor-sektor ekonomi lainnya.
17:14
Anyway, so we release this report
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Kami publikasikan laporan ini
17:17
in July last year.
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Juli tahun lalu
17:20
And the national TV station was injuncted
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dan stasiun TV nasional mereka dicekal
17:22
five minutes before it went on air,
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lima menit sebelum disiarkan
17:24
like out of a movie: injunction landed on the news desk,
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Jadi tahu-tahu, perintah pencekalan sampai ke meja redaksi
17:26
and the news reader was like,
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dan wartawannya kebingungan
17:28
"This has never happened before. What do we do?"
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"Ini belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya. Jadi bagaimana ?"
17:30
Well, we just show the website instead,
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Ya, kami siarkan saja situsnya
17:32
for all that time, as a filler,
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selama pembacaan berita sebagai sisipan.
17:35
and we became very famous in Iceland,
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Kami jadi sangat terkenal di Islandia
17:37
went to Iceland and spoke about this issue.
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Kami ke sana untuk diskusi mengenai isu ini
17:40
And there was a feeling in the community
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Dan tampaknya ada keinginan dlm komunitas yg ada
17:42
that that should never happen again,
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agar hal seperti ini tidak terjadi lagi
17:44
and as a result,
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Sebagai hasilnya,
17:46
working with Icelandic politicians
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bekerja sama dgn beberapa politisi islandia
17:48
and some other international legal experts,
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dan para ahli hukum internasional,
17:50
we put together a new sort of
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kami bersama menyusun sebuah
17:52
package of legislation for Iceland
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paket undang-undang baru untuk islandia
17:55
to sort of become an offshore haven
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agar menciptakan semacam suaka
17:58
for the free press,
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bagi kebebasan pers
18:01
with the strongest journalistic protections in the world,
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dengan perlindungan hak jurnalisme terkuat di dunia
18:04
with a new Nobel Prize
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yg memenangkan hadiah nobel
18:06
for freedom of speech.
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untuk kebebasan berbicara.
18:08
Iceland's a Nordic country,
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Islandia itu negara skandinavia
18:10
so, like Norway, it's able to tap into the system.
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Jadi, seperti Norwegia, mereka bisa ikut menerapkannya
18:13
And just a month ago,
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dan bulan lalu
18:15
this was passed by the Icelandic parliament unanimously.
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UU ini disahkan parlemen islandia dengan suara bulat
18:18
CA: Wow.
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CA: WOW
18:20
(Applause)
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(tepuk tangan)
18:26
Last question, Julian.
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Pertanyaan terakhir, Julian
18:28
When you think of the future then,
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Kalau memandang ke masa depan
18:30
do you think it's more likely to be
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Yang mana menurut anda yang akan terjadi
18:32
Big Brother exerting more control,
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Pemerintah memperketat pengawasan
18:34
more secrecy,
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secara diam-diam
18:36
or us watching
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Atau kita mengawasi
18:38
Big Brother,
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Pemerintah
18:40
or it's just all to be played for either way?
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atau saling mengawasi saja ?
18:43
JA: I'm not sure which way it's going to go.
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JA: Saya tidak yakin kemana arah semua ini
18:45
I mean, there's enormous pressures
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Maksud saya, ada tekanan besar
18:47
to harmonize freedom of speech legislation
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untuk mendamaikan peraturan kebebasan berbicara
18:50
and transparency legislation around the world --
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dengan peraturan keterbukaan di seluruh dunia --
18:53
within the E.U.,
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seperti di negara Uni Eropa,
18:55
between China and the United States.
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antara Cina dan Amerika Serikat.
18:57
Which way is it going to go? It's hard to see.
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Bagaimana hasil akhirnya? Sulit untuk diprediksi.
19:00
That's why it's a very interesting time to be in --
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Itulah kenapa masa kini adalah masa paling seru
19:02
because with just a little bit of effort,
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Karena dengan hanya sedikit usaha
19:04
we can shift it one way or the other.
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Kita bisa ubah arah jalannya
19:07
CA: Well, it looks like I'm reflecting the audience's opinion
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CA: Sepertinya saya merefleksikan opini para penonton
19:10
to say, Julian, be careful,
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untuk mengatakan, hati-hati Julian
19:12
and all power to you.
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kami semua mendukungmu.
19:14
JA: Thank you, Chris. (CA: Thank you.)
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JA: Terima kasih Chris (CA: Terima kasih)
19:16
(Applause)
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(Tepuk Tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Assange - WhistleblowerInternet activist Julian Assange serves as spokesperson for WikiLeaks, a controversial, volunteer-driven website that publishes and comments on leaked documents alleging government and corporate misconduct.
Why you should listen
You could say Australian-born Julian Assange has swapped his long-time interest in network security flaws for the far-more-suspect flaws of even bigger targets: governments and corporations. Since his early 20s, he has been using network technology to prod and probe the vulnerable edges of administrative systems, but though he was a computing hobbyist first (in 1991 he was the target of hacking charges after he accessed the computers of an Australian telecom), he's now taken off his "white hat" and launched a career as one of the world's most visible human-rights activists.
He calls himself "editor in chief." He travels the globe as its spokesperson. Yet Assange's part in WikiLeaks is clearly dicier than that: he's become the face of creature that, simply, many powerful organizations would rather see the world rid of. His Wikipedia entry says he is "constantly on the move," and some speculate that his role in publishing decrypted US military video has put him in personal danger. A controversial figure, pundits debate whether his work is reckless and does more harm than good. Amnesty International recognized him with an International Media Award in 2009.
Assange studied physics and mathematics at the University of Melbourne. He wrote Strobe, the first free and open-source port scanner, and contributed to the book Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier.
Julian Assange | Speaker | TED.com