Anjali Tripathi: Why Earth may someday look like Mars
Anjali Tripathi: Perchè la Terra potrebbe un giorno somigliare a Marte
Anjali Tripathi explores planets to uncover the processes that make and destroy them. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
at the stars at night,
is what you can't see,
potete vedere,
or almost every star,
questa fotografia
we tend to think of faraway things
tendiamo a pensare a cose lontane
that are amazing about Earth
della Terra
to find things that are like that.
cose che possano loro somigliare.
we're finding amazing things.
troviamo cose meravigliose.
about an amazing thing here on Earth.
fantastica che è qui sulla Terra.
and never coming back.
e non tornerà mai più.
e molte altre cose
as the Earth's atmosphere.
come l'atmosfera terrestre.
that form a thin blue line
formata da questi gas
the International Space Station,
Internazionale,
astronauti fanno.
intorno al nostro pianeta è
alla vita di progredire.
from too many impacts,
da moltissimi impatti,
at least a little bit.
ed è chiamato "fuga atmosferica".
is not specific to planet Earth.
to be a planet, if you ask me,
pianeta, se volete saperlo,
but throughout the universe,
ma dell'intero universo,
about planets themselves.
di fatto qualcosa sugli stessi pianeti.
about the solar system,
there are eight planets, maybe nine.
"Beh, ci sono 8 pianeti, forse 9".
who are stressed by this picture,
di questa immagine
we're including Pluto.
includiamo Plutone.
and atmospheric escape,
della fuga atmosferica,
around other stars that we can't see
intorno alle stelle e che non vediamo
dei pianeti
just stuck together
tenuta insieme
and have so much gravity.
tantissima gravità.
is really at play here.
è realmente in azione.
characteristic about planets
fondamentale dei pianeti
in the solar system are orbiting around.
sistema solare orbitano.
atmospheric escape.
alla fuga atmosferica.
drive atmospheric escape from planets
portano a questa fuga dai pianeti
particles and light and heat
pianeti particelle, luce e calore
of lanterns in Thailand at a festival,
un festival tailandese,
can propel gasses upward.
spingere i gas verso l'alto.
and only bound by gravity,
insieme solo dalla gravità,
causing atmospheric escape
la fuga atmosferica,
between heating from the star
of gravity on the planet.
a minute for hydrogen
idrogeno al minuto
Dynamic Explorer della NASA.
of escaping hydrogen looks like,
idrogeno in fuga,
like oxygen and nitrogen
come l'ossigeno e il nitrogeno
ai tropici.
that conclusively show us
in conclusione,
tightly bound to us here on Earth
legata alla Terra
reaching out far into space,
lontano nello spazio,
in undergoing atmospheric escape.
la fuga atmosferica.
is much smaller than Earth,
è molto più piccolo della Terra,
with which to hold on to its atmosphere.
tenere a sè la sua atmosfera.
than the Earth's.
sottile della nostra.
that it didn't have an atmosphere
ha avuto un'atmosfera
Mars used to have a wetter past,
abbia avuto un passato più umido,
it broke up into hydrogen and oxygen,
energia si è divisa in idrogeno e ossigeno
it escaped into space,
si è disperso nello spazio,
rusty red color that we see.
così familiare.
probably happened,
forse si è verificata,
at Mars called the MAVEN satellite,
su Marte, chiamata satellite MAVEN,
is to study atmospheric escape.
studiare la fuga atmosferica.
and Volatile Evolution spacecraft.
and Volatile Evolution".
shown pictures very similar
foto molto simili
was losing its atmosphere,
perdendo la sua atmosfera,
you can see in the red circle
nel cerchio rosso
escaping away from the planet.
the size of the planet,
del pianeta,
no longer bound to that planet.
da non essere più legato a Marte.
from that lost hydrogen.
dall'idrogeno perduto.
the only gas that's lost.
che viene perso.
and some oxygen and nitrogen,
parti di ossigeno e nitrogeno,
at the oxygen being lost from Mars.
l'ossigeno perso da Marte.
that because oxygen is heavier,
perchè l'ossigeno è più pesante,
away from the planet.
into that red circle.
all'interno di quel cerchio.
atmospheric escape on our own planet
la fuga atmosferica del nostro pianeta
and send spacecraft
e mandare astronavi
about the past of planets
del passato dei pianeti,
can learn about the future
qualcosa del futuro
that we can't see.
che non possiamo vedere.
before I go on to that,
di andare avanti con questo tema,
photos like this of Pluto,
come questa di Plutone,
is currently studying atmospheric escape
sta studiando la fuga dell'atmosfera
that I did want to talk about
"esopianeti in transito".
that's not our Sun
una stella che non è il nostro Sole
or extrasolar planet.
o pianeta extrasolare.
at that star in the middle,
al centro,
that are going past it all the time,
passano continuamente da lì,
the light from the star
nel cielo notturno
in the night sky
to detect over 5,000 planets
di individuare più di 5.000 pianeti
many more out there, like I mentioned.
molti altri là fuori.
from these stars,
di queste stelle,
is not the planet itself,
a dimming of the light
decreases in front of the star,
pianeta si sposta dalla stella,
that you saw before.
che avete visto prima.
in different wavelengths.
lunghezze d'onda.
and Mars in ultraviolet light.
l'uso della luce ultravioletta.
with the Hubble Space Telescope,
con il Telescopio spaziale Hubble,
much less light from the star,
molta meno luce dalla stella,
an extended atmosphere of hydrogen
un'estesa atmosfera di idrogeno
more of the light that you see.
gran parte della luce visibile.
we've actually been able to discover
possiamo riuscire a scoprire
that are undergoing atmospheric escape.
subendo la fuga atmosferica.
can be called hot Jupiters,
Giovi caldi,
they're gas planets like Jupiter,
come Giove,
lightweight gas that's ready to escape,
pronti a fuggire,
of atmospheric escape.
ondate di fuga atmosferica.
of hydrogen being lost on Earth,
di idrogeno perse al minuto dalla Terra,
pounds of hydrogen every minute.
idrogeno al minuto.
does this make the planet cease to exist?
che il pianeta cessi di esistere?"
that people wondered
closer to the Sun are rocky,
sono rocciosi,
are bigger and more gaseous.
e gassosi.
with something like Jupiter
with something like a hot Jupiter,
qualcosa come un Giove caldo
with Mercury or the Earth.
Mercurio o la Terra.
di più piccolo,
would have gotten away
tanto di quel gas
significantly impacted it
sul pianeta
than what you started with.
dal pianeta iniziale.
with us here on Earth?
qui, sulla Terra?
is going to become very intense.
diventerà molto forte.
gas streaming off from a hot Jupiter,
un Giove caldo disperdere gas,
that is broken down,
che si divide,
into space more rapidly,
with this dry, reddish planet.
for a few billion years,
tra qualche miliardo di anni,
to be aware of what's going on,
a cosa sta accadendo,
is happening as we speak.
si verifica mentre parliamo.
that you hear about happening in space
sentire su ciò che accade nello spazio
to learn about these worlds.
qualcosa di questi mondi.
or exoplanets like hot Jupiters,
esopianeti come i Giovi caldi,
about our planet here on Earth.
del nostro pianeta Terra.
you think that space is far away.
cui penserete che lo spazio è lontano.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anjali Tripathi - AstrophysicistAnjali Tripathi explores planets to uncover the processes that make and destroy them.
Why you should listen
Even though Anjali Tripathi worked on NASA's Mars rovers in high school, the California native never expected to become an astronomer. Unlike the earthquakes she researched early on, astronomy seemed unconnected from daily life. As she has since discovered, exploring distant planets has a lot to do with life itself -- including the fate of the air we breathe. Using some of the most powerful telescopes and supercomputers, Tripathi studies how seemingly permanent planets change over time. She has pioneered the characterization of planet-forming environments and developed computer simulations to trace the 3D structure of planet atmospheres that are shrinking due to evaporation.
A natural teacher, Tripathi makes complex science concepts relevant and easy to understand. She believes that everyone can understand science -- even rocket science. She has partnered with the Smithsonian, Teach for America and others to increase scientific literacy and spread enthusiasm for the subject. Her engaging and humorous talks feature real world connections and unusual props, including a fully functioning Mars Pathfinder rover or full-size solar car.
Tripathi earned degrees in physics and astronomy from M.I.T., the University of Cambridge and Harvard University. Recognized as a promising American leader with a commitment to public service, Tripathi is a 2016-17 White House Fellow.
Anjali Tripathi | Speaker | TED.com