Anjali Tripathi: Why Earth may someday look like Mars
안잘리 트리파시(Anjali Tripathi): 지구가 언젠가 화성처럼 보일 이유
Anjali Tripathi explores planets to uncover the processes that make and destroy them. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
at the stars at night,
is what you can't see,
보이지 않는 것들입니다.
or almost every star,
we tend to think of faraway things
우리가 사는 곳과는 다른
that are amazing about Earth
to find things that are like that.
행성을 찾고 있습니다.
we're finding amazing things.
발견할 때가 있죠.
about an amazing thing here on Earth.
지구에 대한 놀라운 사실입니다.
and never coming back.
as the Earth's atmosphere.
that form a thin blue line
the International Space Station,
한 우주 비행사가 찍은
from too many impacts,
at least a little bit.
is not specific to planet Earth.
일어나는 것은 아닙니다.
to be a planet, if you ask me,
but throughout the universe,
전 우주의 모든 행성에서
about planets themselves.
행성 자체에 대해 알려줍니다.
about the solar system,
there are eight planets, maybe nine.
who are stressed by this picture,
we're including Pluto.
명왕성을 추가했습니다.
and atmospheric escape,
around other stars that we can't see
모두 같은 대상이라는 것입니다.
물체라는 조건이 있죠.
just stuck together
뭉쳐 있는 것입니다.
and have so much gravity.
is really at play here.
characteristic about planets
in the solar system are orbiting around.
공전한다는 것입니다.
atmospheric escape.
drive atmospheric escape from planets
particles and light and heat
of lanterns in Thailand at a festival,
이 등불 사진을 예로 들면
can propel gasses upward.
향하게 한다는 걸 알 수 있습니다.
and only bound by gravity,
causing atmospheric escape
대기 탈출이 일어나는 과정입니다.
between heating from the star
of gravity on the planet.
발휘하는 것이죠.
400파운드(180kg)
a minute for hydrogen
of escaping hydrogen looks like,
붉은색으로 보여 줍니다.
like oxygen and nitrogen
that conclusively show us
tightly bound to us here on Earth
reaching out far into space,
in undergoing atmospheric escape.
일어나는 것은 아니죠.
is much smaller than Earth,
지구보다 훨씬 작아서
with which to hold on to its atmosphere.
중력이 더 작습니다.
than the Earth's.
that it didn't have an atmosphere
수많은 충돌구로
Mars used to have a wetter past,
물이 더 있었지만
it broke up into hydrogen and oxygen,
수소와 산소로 분해되고
it escaped into space,
rusty red color that we see.
만들었다고 생각합니다.
probably happened,
추측할 수 있지만
at Mars called the MAVEN satellite,
현재 화성에 직접 보내
is to study atmospheric escape.
수행시기고 있습니다.
and Volatile Evolution spacecraft.
에서 왔습니다.
shown pictures very similar
매우 비슷한 모습을
was losing its atmosphere,
오랫동안 알고 있었지만
you can see in the red circle
escaping away from the planet.
the size of the planet,
no longer bound to that planet.
보아도 되겠죠.
from that lost hydrogen.
설명할 수 있습니다.
the only gas that's lost.
and some oxygen and nitrogen,
헬륨과 약간의 산소, 질소도
at the oxygen being lost from Mars.
MAVEN 사진으로 확인 가능합니다.
that because oxygen is heavier,
away from the planet.
into that red circle.
atmospheric escape on our own planet
연구하는 것에 더해서
and send spacecraft
연구할 수 있는 사실은
about the past of planets
can learn about the future
that we can't see.
before I go on to that,
photos like this of Pluto,
않을 것이라는 것을
is currently studying atmospheric escape
명왕성에서의 대기 탈출을
that I did want to talk about
that's not our Sun
or extrasolar planet.
태양계 외 행성입니다.
at that star in the middle,
that are going past it all the time,
the light from the star
in the night sky
to detect over 5,000 planets
5000개 이상의
many more out there, like I mentioned.
from these stars,
is not the planet itself,
a dimming of the light
decreases in front of the star,
밝기가 줄어들고
that you saw before.
in different wavelengths.
and Mars in ultraviolet light.
자외선 사진이 있었죠.
with the Hubble Space Telescope,
허블 우주 망원경으로 관측하면
much less light from the star,
an extended atmosphere of hydrogen
수소 대기층이 행성을 감싸면서
more of the light that you see.
때문이라 추측합니다.
we've actually been able to discover
우리는 통과 외행성에서의
that are undergoing atmospheric escape.
관측할 수 있었습니다.
can be called hot Jupiters,
they're gas planets like Jupiter,
lightweight gas that's ready to escape,
of atmospheric escape.
of hydrogen being lost on Earth,
pounds of hydrogen every minute.
수소가 행성을 떠나죠.
does this make the planet cease to exist?
생각을 할 수 있고
that people wondered
closer to the Sun are rocky,
are bigger and more gaseous.
기체로 이루어져 있으니까요.
with something like Jupiter
with something like a hot Jupiter,
with Mercury or the Earth.
만들어질 수는 없습니다.
would have gotten away
significantly impacted it
than what you started with.
with us here on Earth?
is going to become very intense.
gas streaming off from a hot Jupiter,
that is broken down,
into space more rapidly,
with this dry, reddish planet.
for a few billion years,
일어나지 않을 일이니
to be aware of what's going on,
is happening as we speak.
알고 계셨으면 합니다.
that you hear about happening in space
to learn about these worlds.
탐구하고 있습니다.
or exoplanets like hot Jupiters,
뜨거운 목성 같은 외계행성을
about our planet here on Earth.
you think that space is far away.
생각하지 말아 주세요.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anjali Tripathi - AstrophysicistAnjali Tripathi explores planets to uncover the processes that make and destroy them.
Why you should listen
Even though Anjali Tripathi worked on NASA's Mars rovers in high school, the California native never expected to become an astronomer. Unlike the earthquakes she researched early on, astronomy seemed unconnected from daily life. As she has since discovered, exploring distant planets has a lot to do with life itself -- including the fate of the air we breathe. Using some of the most powerful telescopes and supercomputers, Tripathi studies how seemingly permanent planets change over time. She has pioneered the characterization of planet-forming environments and developed computer simulations to trace the 3D structure of planet atmospheres that are shrinking due to evaporation.
A natural teacher, Tripathi makes complex science concepts relevant and easy to understand. She believes that everyone can understand science -- even rocket science. She has partnered with the Smithsonian, Teach for America and others to increase scientific literacy and spread enthusiasm for the subject. Her engaging and humorous talks feature real world connections and unusual props, including a fully functioning Mars Pathfinder rover or full-size solar car.
Tripathi earned degrees in physics and astronomy from M.I.T., the University of Cambridge and Harvard University. Recognized as a promising American leader with a commitment to public service, Tripathi is a 2016-17 White House Fellow.
Anjali Tripathi | Speaker | TED.com