Noah Feldman: Hamilton vs. Madison and the birth of American partisanship
Noah Feldman: Hamilton contro Madison e la nascita della partigianeria americana
Noah Feldman studies the intersection of religion, politics and law. Full bio
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for the last year or so,
nell'ultimo anno,
like the following three propositions:
una di queste tre affermazioni:
has never been so bad before;
non è mai stata così terribile;
it's geographically spatialized --
è localizzata geograficamente,
which want to look outwards,
che guardano all'esterno,
which wants to look inwards;
che guarda all'interno;
that all three of these propositions,
che tutte e tre le affermazioni,
in almost eerily the same way
localizzata nello stesso modo
throughout US history.
nella storia americana.
an extraordinary mechanism
factional disagreement and partisanship.
il dissenso e la partigianeria.
supplely designed entity
factional disagreement
for overcoming that disagreement
per superare le divergenze
to a pivotal moment in US history,
della storia americana,
and partisanship was born.
le divergenze e la partigianeria.
when partisanship snapped into place.
in cui si è insediata la partigianeria.
of that story is James Madison.
di quella storia è James Madison.
of not only the US Constitution,
della Costituzione americana,
more globally,
designed, passed and gotten ratified
passato e fatto ratificare
some sense of the enormity
couldn't have known it at the time,
non potesse saperlo all'epoca,
that he invented is still in use
che inventò è ancora in uso oggi
of contexts all over the world,
in tutto il mondo,
to manage governance.
la più efficace per amministrare.
having solved this problem,
che avendo risolto il problema,
the results of factions
i risultati delle fazioni
partiti politici.
he had designed a constitution
pensò di aver creato una costituzione
of his constitutional project
del suo progetto costituzionale
called Alexander Hamilton.
di nome Alexander Hamilton.
Madison was not.
che non era Madison.
where Madison was restrained.
mentre Madison era contenuto.
to a woman expect for once
non parlò a una sola donna
and lived happily ever after for 40 years.
e visse felice per 40 anni.
a hip-hop musical --
in un musical hip-hop.
a hip-hop musical.
un musical hip-hop.
the Federalist Papers,
and wildly successful.
con grande successo.
and infrastructure
e le infrastrutture
for constitutions.
aveva fatto per la costituzione.
of infrastructure.
delle infrastrutture.
the United States a national bank,
una banca nazionale,
"immortal," his phrase --
"immortale", a detta sua,
that would enable trade and manufacturing
che avrebbe privilegiato
invece dell'agricoltura,
wealth had historically been.
la ricchezza primaria del paese.
that his old friend Hamilton was wrong
si sbagliava
were unconstitutional --
erano incostituzionali,
of the Constitution
della Costituzione
the way you would expect.
his "personal and political enemy" --
suo "nemico personale e politico".
such close friends and such close allies
una volta amici e alleati così stretti
old-fashioned way.
the Democratic Republican Party --
Partito Democratico Repubblicano,
called the Federalist Party.
chiamato Partito Federalista.
positions on national politics
posizioni sulla politica nazionale
some manufacturing and some trade
produzione, commercio
dei mercati finanziari,
to put in charge of the country.
voleva far dirigere il Paese.
Madison came to believe.
was to look inwards
of Republican virtue,
l'essenza della virtù repubblicana,
that had made American great,
che avevano reso grande l'America,
i valori della Rivoluzione,
by saying that Madison was naïve,
che Madison era ingenuo,
to turn the United States
era trasformare gli Stati Uniti
on the global scale.
su scala globale.
to each of their claims,
in entrambe le dichiarazioni,
the views of the other
esageravano il punto di vista dell'altra
nella storia degli Stati Uniti,
came entirely through the lens
interamente dalla lente
or the Federalist party.
o di quello Federalista.
the Constitution did its work.
fece il suo lavoro.
had not fully anticipated.
non aveva pienamente previsto.
piuttosto innovativo,
when he thought about anything --
a innovare su qualunque aspetto,
that the press was so pro-Federalist
la stampa era tanto pro Federalista
were all Federalists,
erano tutti Federalisti,
who got their capital from Britain,
andava tanto d'accordo.
criticism of the government --
la critica al governo,
the freedom of speech,
la libertà di parola,
into the Bill of Rights,
Democratic-Republican Societies --
Società Democratico-Repubblicane,
against Federalist-dominated hegemony.
contro l'egemonia dei Federalisti.
to win a national election --
un'elezione nazionale.
became president,
diventò presidente,
completely out of business.
of the Constitution
della Costituzione
that actually managed faction
per la gestione delle fazioni
in the first place.
that the government was terrible.
che il governo era terribile.
private groups, individuals,
gruppi privati, individui,
about fundamental change.
di portare cambiamenti cruciali.
was the separation of powers --
era la separazione dei poteri --
of the Constitution.
della Costituzione.
in the United States
unless you bring on board the center.
senza portare a bordo il centro.
that come incredibly fast
che arrivano molto rapidamente
the president, in fact, does not rule
di fatto, non governa,
which other people have to agree with --
con cui altri devono essere d'accordo,
to drive presidents
will reveal to you
completely in operation.
un presidente,
portare a termine nulla
follows the rules of the Constitution,
le regole della Costituzione,
as indeed has sometimes occurred,
come è accaduto in alcuni casi,
but in the past, in US history.
ma nel passato, nella storia americana.
they need to win election
di dover vincere le elezioni
in order to pass laws.
per poter passare le leggi.
then, is the following:
è il seguente:
is greater than partisanship.
è più forte della partigianeria.
when that's possible,
quando possibile,
to overcome partisan division
le divisioni partigiane
is a technology that worked
of the Civil War,
durante la Guerra Civile,
that you care about,
che avete a cuore,
that matter to you,
che vi importano,
and knowledge and confidence
cognizione e la fiducia
can do the job that it is designed to do.
per cui è stata creata.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Noah Feldman - Constitutional law scholarNoah Feldman studies the intersection of religion, politics and law.
Why you should listen
Noah Feldman is a professor and writer who tries to figure out how to make the government follow the rules; what the rules are that the government has to follow; and what to do if the rules are being broken. In his work, he asks questions like: How can a 225-year-old constitutional blueprint still work? Can you design a new and better constitution from scratch in places like Iraq and Tunisia? What rights do we have, really?
Feldman is the Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and a contributing writer for Bloomberg View. He served as senior constitutional advisor to the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq, and advised members of the Iraqi Governing Council on the drafting of the Transitional Administrative Law or interim constitution. He is writing a biography on James Madison, principal author of the Constitution and fourth president of the US; it's forthcoming in 2017.
Feldman is the author of six other books: Cool War: The Future of Global Competition (Random House, 2013); Scorpions: The Battles and Triumphs of FDR’s Great Supreme Court Justices (Twelve Publishing, 2010); The Fall and Rise of the Islamic State (Princeton University Press, 2008); Divided By God: America's Church-State Problem and What We Should Do About It (Farrar, Straus & Giroux 2005); What We Owe Iraq: War and the Ethics of Nation-building (Princeton University Press 2004) and After Jihad: America and the Struggle for Islamic Democracy (Farrar, Straus & Giroux 2003. He most recently co-authored two textbooks: Constitutional Law, Eighteenth Edition (Foundation Press, 2013) and First Amendment Law, Fifth Edition (Foundation Press, 2013).
Noah Feldman | Speaker | TED.com